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Beat the heat: Child health amid heatwaves in Europe and Central Asia

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2024) CC

Beat the heat: child health amid heatwaves in Europe and Central Asia finds that half of these children died from heat-related illnesses in their first year of life. Most children died during the summer months. "Around half of children across Europe and Central Asia – or 92 million children –... are already exposed to frequent heatwaves in a region where temperatures are rising at the fastest rate globally. The increasingly high temperatures can have serious health complications for children, especially the youngest children, even in a short space of time. Without care, these complications can be life-threatening,” said Regina De Dominicis UNICEF Regional Director for Europe and Central Asia. Heat exposure has acute effects on children, even before they are born, and can result in pre-term births, low birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies. Heat stress is a direct cause of infant mortality, can affect infant growth and cause a range of paediatric diseases. The report also notes that extreme heat caused the loss of more than 32,000 years of healthy life among children and teenagers in the region. As the temperatures continue to rise, UNICEF urges governments across Europe and Central Asia to: - Integrate strategies to reduce the impact of heatwaves including through National Determined Contributions (NDC), National Adaptation Plans (NAP), and disaster risk reduction and disaster management policies with children at the centre of these plans Invest in heat health action plans and primary health care to more adequately support heat-related illness among children - Invest in early warning systems, including heat alert systems - Adapt education facilities to reduce the temperatures in the areas children play in and equip teachers with skills to respond to heat stress - Adapt urban design and infrastructure including ensuring buildings, particularly those housing the most vulnerable communities are equipped to minimize heat exposure - Secure the provision of safe water, particularly in countries with deteriorating water quality and availability. UNICEF works with governments, partners and communities across the region to build resilience against heatwaves. This includes equipping teachers, community health workers and families with the skills and knowledge to respond to heat stress. more

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Tuberculosis and HIV—An Update on the “Cursed Duet” in Children

S. H.-L. Fry; S. L. Barnabas; Mark F. Cotton; E. André Frontiers in Pediatrics (2019) C2

Frontiers in Pediatrics | www.frontiersin.org 1 April 2019 | Volume 7 | Article 159

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Disparity between burden and budget for mental health

Saxena, S. (2019) CC

Published OnlineNovember 13, 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S2468-2667(18)30238-X

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Historia de la infancia

P. N. Stearns IACAPAP (2018) C2

Misceláneo Capítulo J.9 Edición: Matías Irarrázaval & Andres Martin Revisión: Fernanda Prieto-Tagle & Paloma Varela

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Spirit-guided care: christian nursing for the whole person

Murphy; L.S.; and M.S. Walker (2013) CC

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COVID Reference 2020.4 VNM

Kamps, B.S.; C. Hoffmann, et al. (2020) CC

Tại nhiều quốc gia, cú sốc của làn sóng kiểm dịch thứ nhất đã lắng xuống, số ca bệnh cũng đã giảm, việc gỡ bỏ các lệnh phong tỏa đang được xem xét hoặc đã được thực hiện ở nhiều nơi. Vũ Hán đã mở cửa trở lại. Nhưng ph... more

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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Improving Quality of Post-Partum Family Planning in Low-Resource Settings

T. Chitashvili, S. Holschneider, O. Annie Clark USAID ASSIST Project (2016) CC

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A practical clinical definition of epilepsy

R. S. Fisher; C. Acevedo; A. Arzimanoglou; et al. (2014) CC

Epilepsia, 55(4):475–482, 2014 doi: 10.1111/epi.12550

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In this pandemic and panic of COVID-19 what should doctors know about masks and respirators?

Salvi, S.S. (2020) CC

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Modelling the pandemic: attuning models to their contexts

Rhodes, T.; K. Lancaster; S. Lees et al. WHO (2020) C_WHO

BMJ Global Health2020;5:e002914. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002914 The evidence produced in mathematical models plays a key role in shaping policy decisions in pandemics. A key question is therefore how well pandemic models relate to their implementation contexts. Drawing on the cases of Ebola and in... more

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Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective

Ho T., Cusack R.P., Chaudhary N. et al. Breathe, part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) (2019) CC2

The article "Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective" reviews the worldwide variation in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and issues related to its misdiagnosis. It highlights that COPD is under-diagnosed due to factors such as limited access to spiromet... more

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Air pollution exposure—the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases

Bălă, G.P.; Râjnoveanu, R.M.; Tudorache, E. et al. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021) CC

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are... more

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CROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection

Spudich, S.S.; and B.M. Ances (2017) CC

Topics in Antiviral Medicine Volume 25 Issue 2 May/June 2017

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COVID Reference 2021.6 EN
recommended

Kamps, B.S.; Camp, R. and C. Hoffmann (2021) CC

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COVID Reference 2020.3 FRA

Kamps, B.S.; and C. Hoffmann (2020) CC

La 3ieme édition du nouveau mini-manuel. Au cours des mois à venir COVID Reference publiera des mises à jour régulières.

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COVID Reference 2020.3 DEU
recommended

Kamps, B.S.; and C. Hoffmann (2020) CC

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COVID Reference 2020.4 POR

Kamps, B.S.; and C. Hoffmann (2019) CC

4ª edição Nos próximos meses, a COVID Reference apresentará atualizações regulares e narrará os dados científicos o mais coerente possível.

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Innovative financing for HIV response in sub–Saharan Africa

Atun, R.; Silva, S.; Ncube, M.; Vassall, A. Journal of global health (2016) CC

In 2015 around 15 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub–Saharan Africa. Sustained provision of ART, though both prudent and necessary, creates substantial long–term fiscal obligations for countries affected by HIV/ AIDS. As donor assistance for healt... more

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COVID Reference 2021.6 ES

Kamps, B.S.; C. Hoffmann, A. Gualani Gualani; and J. Garcia-Rosales Delgado (2021) CC

6a edición clínica. Nuevo: 4. Vacunas (26 de abril); Nuevo: 5. Pruebas y procedimientos de diagnóstico (7 de abril); Nuevo: 7. COVID-19 persistente (7 de abril)

COVID Reference 2021.6 EN recommended

COVID Reference 2020.3 DEU recommended

COVID Reference 2021.6 EN
recommended

COVID Reference 2020.3 DEU
recommended