Denis Mubiru, Robert Byabasheija, John Baptist Bwanika, et al.
1
Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
Desogus, A.
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft fü
1
Dr T Apalata, Dr C Bamford, Mr D Benjamin et al.
1
Dr. M. Gurung
1
Dra. Ximena Garzón et al.
1
Durable Peace Programme Consortium
1
E. André
1
E. Corbett
1
E. G. Lima, Chinelli C. K., Azevedo Guedes A. L., et al.
1
E. J. Abrams
1
E. Masaki
1
E. Tambo
1
Eaton, Jeffrey W.
1
Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (EPN)
1
Education 2030
1
Ejembi, Clara Ladi, Tukur Dahiru, and Alhaji A. Aliyu
1
Elisabetta Buscarini, Harald Lutz and Paoletta Mirk
1
Elsevier
1
EMTCT Global Validation Advisory Committee, Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes
1
Encontros Bibli
1
Engagement Global
1
Environment and Society Programme
1
EQUINET
1
Eskay M., Onu V. C., Igbo J. N., Obiyo N., Ugwuanyi L
1
Esterhuizen, J.
1
et al
1
European Asylum Support Office
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Union EU
1
F. Bozzani et al.
1
F. Çuhadaroğlu-Çetin
1
F. Pérez
1
F. Verde
1
F. Zermoglio
1
Faiz, M.
1
Fast SM, Mekaru S, Brownstein JS, Postlethwaite TA, Markuzon N.
1
Fayolle, Virginie
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
1
Ference, B.A.
1
First Draft, Yale Insitute for Global Health
1
Fitzgerald, D.A. et al.
1
Flying Publisher, Boehringer Ingelheim
1
Fongwen, N.
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO and World Health Organization WHO
1
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
1
Frempong, K.K.
1
Frontiers in Pediatrics
1
Fung
1
G. Sander
1
G.H. Wills, E. Wobudeya, et al.
1
García, J.M.
1
Garratt, A.
1
GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborator
1
GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators
1
GBD2019 Dementia Forecasting Coolaborators
1
GBI
1
Geraldine Le Cuziat, Geraldine
1
Gilma Mantilla
1
Gilman, R.T.
1
Giorgio Guzzetta, Fabrizio Montarsi, Frédéric Alexandre Baldacchino et al.
1
Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)
1
Global MICS Programme
1
Globalization and Health
1
GOARN
1
Government of Afghanistan
1
Government of India, National Disaster Management Authority
1
Government of Indonesia
1
Government of Sierra Loene, WHO
1
Government of Tanzania
1
Government of Zambia
1
Green Ink
1
Grimes, P.
1
Guo, J.
1
Guttmacher Institute
1
Guzman-Vilca, W. C.
1
H. B. Abdullah
1
H. Getahun
1
H. H. Nguyen
1
H. Ingold
1
H. Sakamoto
1
Handley, B.
1
Harm Reduction International
1
Hart, R.
1
HEART
1
Henao-Restrepo, A.M.
1
Hepatology Society of the Philippines
1
Hetty Burgman and Piet Vroeg
1
Hill, A.
1
Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment
1
HIV Economics Reference Group
1
HIV Self-Testing Africa Initiative
1
Holy Father Francis
1
Hugh Cross
1
Humanitarian Assistance and Resilience Programme Facility (HARP-F) & Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU)
1
Humanitarian Practice Network (HPN)
1
Humboldt University Berlin, Research Programme on Religious Communities and sustainable developpment
1
I. Semini
1
Ibarra-Cerdena, C.
1
ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA
1
IHME Institut for Health Metrics and Evaluation
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project (P173836)
1
Indonesian National AIDS Commission
1
Institute for Economics and Peace
1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), The Lancet
1
Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE)
1
Integration durch Sprache e.V.
1
Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development
1
Inter-American Development Bank IDB, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO
1
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank
1
International Bureau for Epilepsy
1
International Coalition for Trachoma Control ICTC
1
International Development Association
1
International Diabetes Federation IDF
1
International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks
1
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
International Food Policy Research Institute
1
International Journal of Adolescence and Youth
1
International League Against Epilepsy
1
International Medical Corps
1
International Research Institute for Climate and Society
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization
1
Iroezindu, M.
1
ISDR
1
ISPO
1
Izeta-Alberdi, A.
1
Izibewule, J.H. et al.
1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1
J. Ananworanich
1
J. D. Machado
1
J. Ferdosy
1
J. Hamilton
1
J. M. Somers
1
J. Noeske
1
J. Painter, P. Douglas, et al.
1
J. Wolf
1
Jack, H.
1
Jain, R.P., et al.
1
Jane Phiri and John E Ataguba
1
Janiri, L.
1
Janoske M, Liu B, Sheppard B
1
Jing Liu-Helmersson , H. Stenlund, A. Wilder-Smith, et al.
1
Joep Lange Institut
1
Johnstone, C.
1
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
1
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Jugendliche ohne Grenzen
1
Justin Cohen, Deepika Kandula, Bruno Moonen et al.
1
K. A. Thomson
1
K. Asedeu
1
K. Attawell
1
K. Elder
1
K. Freeborn
1
K. Lancaster
1
K. Stone
1
K.L.Ebi
1
Kamali M, Munyuzangabo M, Siddiqui FJ, et al.
1
Karin Hatzold
1
Katie Murphy, Sandra Maignant, Laura Boone, Sarah Smith
1
Kenya Ministry of Health, National AIDS and STI Control Program
1
KfW
1
Khan, J.
1
Kim, A.
1
Kindermissionswerk "Die Sternsinger"
1
Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F., K. Jean, M. Maheu-Giroux
1
Korn, D.A. and H.J. Shaffer
1
Kotzé, H.
1
Kovacic, V.
1
Kristie L. Ebi, Joshua Nealon
1
Kumar, M.
1
L. A Graybill
1
L. A. Rohde
1
L. Kenny
1
L. Makszin and C.Jurberg
1
L. Pandit
1
L. Sharvadze
1
L.E. Escobar, R. Lowe et al.
1
Laaser, U., F. Beluli
1
Lancet
1
LaRocque, R.
1
Lauren Miller
1
Laurence Cibrelus
1
Lee, V.
1
Lenney, W.
1
Leon-Velarde, F.
1
Lesotho National AIDS Commission, Government of Lesotho
1
Libby Cohen
1
Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) Monrovia, Liberia
1
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
1
Longley, C.
1
López, L.
1
M. A. Babu
1
M. Alonso González
1
M. Archary
1
M. Ferrin
1
M. Gallardo, et al.
1
M. Joffres
1
M. K. Sugai et al.
1
M. M. Ahmmed
1
M. Manova
1
M. Odhiambo Sewe, A.M Tompkins et al.
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan
1
M. Snowling
1
M. Stillman, S. Keogh, et al.
1
M. van den Boom
1
M.M. Bailey, D. Bickford et al.
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
Magitta, N.F.
1
Maite Ferrin
1
Maitland, K.
1
Management Sciences for Health (MSH) - Center for Pharmaceutical Management
1
Mangwiro, TNC.
1
Mapako, Tonderai, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Maarten J. Postma, Marinus van Hulst, Janet Dzangare, Stellah Ngwende, John Mandisarisa, Ponesai Nyika, David A. Mvere, Owen Mugurungi, and Mufuta Tshimanga
1
Marie Stopes Uganda, WHO
1
Mark F. Cotton
1
Mark W. Rosegrant | Jawoo Koo | Nicola Cenacchi
1
Martin, D. et al.
1
Mary-Anne Hartley, Alyssa Young, Anh-Minh Tran et al.
1
Massachusetts Advocates for Children
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International MCAI
1
Mattinen, Hanna
1
McCullagh S, Hunter B, Houle K et al.
1
McGloin, J.
1
Measles Initiative
1
MEASURE Evaluation
1
Medecins Sans Frontiers
1
Medicine
1
Meyfroidt, P.
1
Mèdecines sans Frontières MSF
1
Médecins sans Frontières MSF
1
Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Initiative
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador
1
Ministery of Health and Familiy Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministério da Saúde, Brasil
1
Ministry of Health, MoHCDGEC, Tanzania NBS, OCGS, and ICF
1
Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands
1
Ministry of Education
1
Ministry of Education, Nepal
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health (MoH), Lesotho and ICF International
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSS), Kingdom of Lesotho
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Uganda, NADIC, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana
1
Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme
1
Ministry of Health, Nepal
1
Ministry of Health, Repulic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, South Africa
1
Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Modi, D., N. Dholakia, R. Gopalan, et al.
1
Mont, D.
1
Moo-llanes, D.
1
Moran, M.
1
MSH
1
Muller, Helgard et al.
1
Munro, Leonie
1
Murray, C.A.
1
Mutale W.
1
Myriad Research
1
N. Amann, M. Arnell, et al.
1
N. B. Ahmed
1
N. Chkhartishvili
1
N. G. Guerra
1
N. Reuge and D. Amaro
1
N.K. Biritwum
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Government of Nigeria
1
National AIDS
1
National AIDS and STIs Control programme (NASCP), Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
1
National AIDS Commission, Ministry of People's Welfare Republic of Indonesia
1
National AIDS Control Council
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National Center for Responsible Gaming (NCR)
1
National Council for Special Education (NCSE)
1
National Council on Disability Affairs (NCDA)
1
National Health Mission
1
National HIV and AIDS Secretariat
1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
1
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
1
National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) and ICF
1
National Library of Medicine
1
National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) [Liberia], Ministry of Health (MOH), Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS), and ICF
1
National Statistical Office Zomba, Malawi
1
National Tuberculosis Leprosy and Lung Disease Program (NTLD-program), Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Net Hope
1
New ERA
1
Nidhi Singal
1
Niilo Mäki Institute
1
Nikolaos Mastellos, Tammy Tran, Kanika Dharmayat et al.
1
Nomura, S.
1
Norhtern Kentucky University
1
Nugroho
1
Nunn, Marc
1
Nurses International
1
O. A. Anikeeva, S. N. Fomina, Ya. V. Shimanovskaya
1
Odianose, Serena
1
Ogoina, D.
1
Olney, Jack J.
1
OPAS
1
Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA)
1
OpenWASH
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Américas)
1
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)
1
Orr, B.J., A.L. Cowie
1
Overseas Development Institute (ODI)
1
O’Sullivan BG., Chater AB, Bingham A., et al.
1
P. Booth
1
P. Brouwers
1
P. Glaziou, C.Sismanidis, P. J. Dodd, et al.
1
P. J. Dodd
1
P. J. Frick
1
P. Nyasulu, S. Mogoere, T. Umanah, et al.
1
P. Zucs, et al.
1
Papst Franziskus
1
Patrick R. Kenya, Prince-Albert Roberts, Joseph Kobba, et al.
1
Pavic, Z.
1
Pedro Alonso, Kevin Baird, David Brandling-Bennett et al.
1
Pedrozo e Silva de Azevedo, C.
1
Peter N. Stearns
1
Philippine Statistic Authority
1
Philippines, Department of Health, Epidemiology Bureau
1
Phimemon, Rune N., Michael J. Mahande, and Habib O. Ramadhani
1
PLOS Biology
1
PLOS Medicine
1
PLOS Phatogens
1
PNAS
1
Pokhrel, Yog Raj
1
Pontes LM, Martins CB, Napolitano IC, Fonseca JR, Oliveira GM, Iso SM, Menezes AK, Vizzotto AD, di Sarno ES, Elkis H.
1
Poudel, BabuRam
1
Practical Action Publishing
1
Professor J. Lundgren
1
Project Drawdown
1
PRONASIDA
1
Protection Cluster, UNHCR
1
Pub Med
1
Quiggin D., et al.
1
r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH ;
1
R Loewenson
1
R Sari Kovats et al.
1
R. E. Dew, H.G. Koenig, et al.
1
R. Nefdt, E. Ribaira and K. Diallo
1
R.G. Wagner, I. Petersen, et al.
1
R.M.
1
R2ECWD & Inclusive Education South Africa
1
Rada Noeva, Nassim Benali, Emily Garin et al.
1
Radiation Emergency Assistance Center
1
Ramsey,J.
1
Randers, J.
1
Ray, K.K.
1
Rediscovering Biology
1
RedR UK
1
Rees, E.M.
1
Renner B.
1
Republic of Tajikistan
1
Research Gate
1
Resende, M. B.
1
Rhodes, T.
1
Robert E. Black, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Marleen Temmerman
1
Robert Koch Institut
1
Rockström, J.
1
RohrI, J.R.
1
Romanello M., van Daalen K., et al.
1
Roullaud, S.
1
Routledge
1
Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group)
1
Rutstein, S.E., J. Ananworanich, S. Fidler, et al.
1
S. E. Krauss
1
S. Gupta
1
S. H.-L. Fry
1
S. L. Barnabas
1
S. Lazzari and G. Kiesner
1
S. Lees et al.
1
S. Mahroof-Shaffi, C. Harkensee, A.T Chamberlain
1
S. Nag
1
S. Sweeney
1
S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom
1
S.R. Lewin and R. Sherer
1
Safe Male Circumcision
1
Santos, D.
1
Santos-D'Amorim K, Fernandes de Oliveira Mirand MK
1
Saraf, P.
1
Saskatchewan Learning
1
Sauerbrey, M.
1
Schizophrenia Research and Treatment
1
Science Publishing Group
1
Sciences, A.
1
Serge Ade, Omer Adjibodé, Prudence Wachinou, Narcisse Toundoh, Bérénice Awanou, Gildas Agodokpessi, Dissou Affolabi, Gabriel Adè, Anthony D. Harries, Séverin Anagonou
1
Sexton, S.
1
Séverin, T. et al.
1
Shari Moothedath, Mysore Narasimha Vranda
1
Sharma, Mahasharm
1
Sharon Alane Abramowitz, et al.
1
Shelah S. Bloom and Svetlana Negroustoueva
1
Sian Tesni and Anais Keenon
1
Sibanda-Mulder, Flora
1
Sidze, E.M.
1
SIT G aduate Ins titute/SIT Study Abroad
1
Sixth printing
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
1
SODI e.V.
1
Soltani A, Ardalan A, Darvishi Boloorani A, et al.
1
South African Medical Journey SAMJ
1
Spotlight NSP
1
Srinivasan Venkatesan
1
Srivastava, Swati, Karan, Anup K., Bhan, Nandita, Mukhopadhya, Indranil. et al.
1
Statewide Vision Resource Centre
1
Stefan Mauss, et al.
1
Stevens, Gretchen
1
Stoknes, P. E.
1
Stop TB Partnership
1
Sundalic, A. Strossmayer J.J: et al.
1
Susan Nicolai and Carl Triplehorn
1
T. Driscoll
1
T. Lievens
1
T. Rahman
1
T. T.T. Dinh
1
T. Tsertsvadze
1
T. Z. Ting Fang
1
TAJSTAN
1
Tasker, A.
1
Tayler, K.
1
TB Alliance
1
The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF)
1
The Cameroon Academy of Sciences
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The DHS Program ICF Rockville, Maryland, USA
1
The Focus Group Consulting
1
The Global Fund
1
The Independent Panel
1
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
1
The Lancet Regional Health - Americas
1
The Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia
1
The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN)
1
The Open University UK/WaterAid
1
The Public Good Projects
1
The Republic of Tajikistan
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Medical Research, Department of Public Health, Department of Medical Care, UNFPA
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Medical Research, Department of Public Health, Department of Medical Services, UNFPA
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Public Health, Department of Medical Services and UNFPA
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Transport, National Water Resources Committee
1
The SMERU Research Institute, UNICEF
1
Theos
1
Thomson, M.C.
1
Tirados, I.
1
Tol, Wietse A. , Song, Suzan, Jordans, Mark J. D.
1
Torres-Rueda S.
1
TOUCHDOWN Mathe
1
Tuija Aro and Timo Ahonen
1
Turkova, A.
1
U. Mahlati
1
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
1
Umited Nations Popuilation Fund UNFPA
1
UN Development Programme
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees
1
UN Women
1
UN Women, UNFPA
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
1
UNAIDS | GAMET
1
UNCCD
1
UNCEN, UNIPA, SMERU, BPS, UNICEF
1
UNESCO Publishing (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
1
UNESDOC Digital Library
1
UNHCR Österreich
1
UNICEF and UNFPA
1
UNICEF Sudan
1
Unicef, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, The Republic of Uganda
1
Unitaid (Innovation in Global Health)
1
UNITAID Secretariat, World Health Organization
1
United Nations (UN)
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & International STEP by STEP Association
1
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping operations
1
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (UNESCO MGIEP)
1
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
United Nations Population Fund UNFPA
1
United Nations Population Fund UNPF
1
Université Henri Poncare, Nancy, Faculté de médécine de Nancy
1
University of Sheffield
1
UpToDate
1
US Embassy Freetown
1
US-China Education Review
1
USAID (from the american people)
1
USAID, et al.
1
Üstün, T.B., Kostanjsek, N., Chatterji, S. & Rehm, J.
1
Vale, GA et al.
1
Van PraagO.
1
Vatican Press
1
Vatikanesche Druckerei
1
Verver, S.
1
Vogelbacher, A.
1
Wamai, R.
1
Watermeyer, B., Stuurman, C., McKinney, E., et al
1
Watts,N.
1
Watzel B.
1
Welburn S. C., Beange I. et al
1
White, Z.
1
WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO
1
Williams, D.
1
Wits Journalism
1
Word Health Organization
1
World Food Programme WFP
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization ( WHO Regional Office for Africa)
1
World Health Organization (Europe)
1
World Health Organization (TB/HIV Working Group)
1
World Health Organization (WHO) - Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
1
World Health Organization WHO (Africa)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization, TB HIV working group, Stop TB Partnership
1
World Heart Federation
1
World Organisation for Animal Health WOAH
1
Xiaoyan Ke & Jing Liu
1
Y. Keynan, D. Marin et al.
1
Yohaness Garoy E., Y. Berhane Gebreab, O. Okoth Achila et al.
The Scientific Conceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) provides a scientific foundation for understanding, implementing and monitoring LDN. It has been designed to create a bridge between the vision and the practical implementation of LDN, by defining LDN in operational terms. The... conceptual framework is a product of the UNCCD Science-Policy Interface.more
CoPEH-Canada has generated a series of teaching and training resources over more than a decade. These resources began with the production of the CoPEH-Canada Teaching Manual (2012), which is dedicated to Bruce Hunter. Our training resources have expanded to include a range of resources including: Mo...dules (in pdf and online format), videos, Webalogue recordings, and other resources.more
Published: November 24, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000938
Climate change is expected to have complex effects on infectious diseases, causing some to increase, others to decrease, and many to shift their distributions. There have been several important advances in understanding the ...role of climate and climate change on wildlife and human infectious disease dynamics over the past several years. This essay examines 3 major areas of advancement, which include improvements to mechanistic disease models, investigations into the importance of climate variability to disease dynamics, and understanding the consequences of thermal mismatches between host and parasites. Applying the new information derived from these advances to climate–disease models and addressing the pressing knowledge gaps that we identify should improve the capacity to predict how climate change will affect disease risk for both wildlife and humans.more
Environmental Research Volume 151, November 2016, Pages 115-123
Dengue is the world’s most important arboviral disease in terms of number of people affected. Over the past 50 years, incidence increased 30-fold: there were approximately 390 million infections in 2010. Globalization, trade, travel,... demographic trends, and warming temperatures are associated with the recent spread of the primary vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and of dengue. Overall, models project that new geographic areas along the fringe of current geographic ranges for Aedes will become environmentally suitable for the mosquito’s lifecycle, and for dengue transmission. Many endemic countries where dengue is likely to spread further have underdeveloped health systems, increasing the substantial challenges of disease prevention and control. Control focuses on management of Aedes, although these efforts have typically had limited effectiveness in preventing outbreaks. New prevention and control efforts are needed to counter the potential consequences of climate change on the geographic range and incidence of dengue, including novel methods of vector control and dengue vaccines.more
PNAS | March 4, 2014 | vol. 111 | no. 9
Malaria is an important disease that has a global distribution and significant health burden. The spatial limits of its distribution and seasonal activity are sensitive to climate factors, as well as the local capacity to control the disease. Malaria is also ...one of the few health outcomes that has been modeled by more than one research group and can therefore facilitate the first model intercomparison for health impacts under a future with climate change. We used bias-corrected temperature and rainfall simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate models to compare the metrics of five statistical and dynamical malaria impact models for three future time periods (2030s, 2050s, and 2080s). We evaluated three malaria outcome metrics at global and regional levels: climate suitability, additional population at risk and additional person-months at risk across the model outputs. The malaria projections were based on five different global climate models, each run under four emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs) and a single population projection. We also investigated the modeling uncertainty associated with future projections of populations at risk for malaria owing to climate change. Our findings show an overall global net increase in climate suitability and a net increase in the population at risk, but with large uncertainties. The model outputs indicate a net increase in the annual person-months at risk when comparing from RCP2.6 to RCP8.5 from the 2050s to the 2080s. The malaria outcome metrics were highly sensitive to the choice of malaria impact model, especially over the epidemic fringes of the malaria distribution.more
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs mainly in the tropics and subtropics but has a high potential to spread to new areas. Dengue infections are climate sensitive, so it is important to better understand how changing climate factors affect the potential for geographic spread and futu...re dengue epidemics. Vectorial capacity (VC) describes a vector's propensity to transmit dengue taking into account human, virus, and vector interactions. VC is highly temperature dependent, but most dengue models only take mean temperature values into account. Recent evidence shows that diurnal temperature range (DTR) plays an important role in influencing the behavior of the primary dengue vector Aedes aegypti. In this study, we used relative VC to estimate dengue epidemic potential (DEP) based on the temperature and DTR dependence of the parameters of A. aegypti. We found a strong temperature dependence of DEP; it peaked at a mean temperature of 29.3°C when DTR was 0°C and at 20°C when DTR was 20°C. Increasing average temperatures up to 29°C led to an increased DEP, but temperatures above 29°C reduced DEP. In tropical areas where the mean temperatures are close to 29°C, a small DTR increased DEP while a large DTR reduced it. In cold to temperate or extremely hot climates where the mean temperatures are far from 29°C, increasing DTR was associated with increasing DEP. Incorporating these findings using historical and predicted temperature and DTR over a two hundred year period (1901-2099), we found an increasing trend of global DEP in temperate regions. Small increases in DEP were observed over the last 100 years and large increases are expected by the end of this century in temperate Northern Hemisphere regions using climate change projections. These findings illustrate the importance of including DTR when mapping DEP based on VC.more
Cascading risks from rising prices and supply disruptions, April 2022.
Global resource markets are still reeling from the impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine; the two countries are major suppliers of energy, food and fertilizers. Supply disruption and the sudden imposition, in response to the... crisis, of unprecedented economic sanctions, trade restrictions and policy interventions have caused prices of commodities to skyrocket.
Before the conflict, demand for global resources already exceeded supply and drove up prices as economies rebounded after the COVID-19 pandemic. This gave rise to a global cost-of-living crisis, characterized by increasing levels of energy and food poverty. This situation is likely to become much worse as a consequence of the war in Ukraine, and poses a threat to human security, particularly among low-income and vulnerable populations.more
Over the ages, human societies have altered local ecosystems and modified regional climates. Today the human influence has attained a global scale. This reflects the recent rapid increase in population size, energy consumption, intensity of land use, international trade and travel, and other human a...ctivities. These global changes have heightened awareness that the long-term good health of populations depends on the continued stability of biosphere's ecological, physical and socioeconomic systems.
The world's climate system is an integral part of the complex of life-supporting processes. Like other large systems, the global climate system is coming under pressure from human activities.
This book seeks to describe the context and process of global climate change, its actual or likely impacts on health, and how human societies and their governments should respond with particular focus on the health sector.more
Health Policy and Planning, Volume 35, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 47–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz122
Colombia has an underreporting of 30% of the total cases, according to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations. In 2016, successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment rate was 70%, and t...he mortality rate ranged between 3.5% and 10%. In 2015, Colombia adopted and adapted the End TB strategy and set a target of 50% reduction in incidence and mortality by 2035 compared with 2015.more
In a retrospective review of hospital records of 40 human monkeypox cases from Nigeria, the majority developed fever and self-limiting vesiculopustular skin eruptions. Five deaths
were reported. Compared to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative cases, HIV type 1–coinfected cases had more ...prolonged illness, larger lesions, and higher rates of both secondary bacterial skin infections and genital ulcers.more
This guide also draws on the standard operating procedures (SOPs) to apply for measles outbreak response
support from the Measles & Rubella Initiative Outbreak Response Fund (17) and includes a section on
measles outbreak recovery so that contributing factors and potential root causes are identifi...ed and
addressed systematically after a measles outbreak. This guide does not aim to be a comprehensive guide
on measles elimination or routine immunization (RI) more broadly.more
This Tailoring Antimicrobial Resistance Programmes (TAP) process assists Member States in initiating and undertaking projects to address the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in their countries. AMR is a complex problem requiring unique, context-specific solutions. This TAP Toolbo...x contains a series of exercises and is aligned with the stages outlined in the TAP Quick Guide. The Toolbox is designed to be used by a TAP working group as they work through the stages outlined in the TAP Quick Guide. The exercises and tools presented in this Toolbox have been abridged and adapted from the TAP Manual which will be available soon.more
Peru celebrates 200 years of independence in 2021. Over this period of independent life, and despite the turbulent socio-political scenarios, from internal armed conflict to economic crisis to political instability over the last 40 years, Peru has experienced major changes on its epidemiological and... population health profile. Major advancements in maternal and child health as well as in communicable diseases have been achieved in recent decades, and today
Peru faces an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases including mental health conditions. In terms of the configuration of the public health system, Peru has also strived to secure country-wide optimal health care, struggling in particular to improve primary health care and intercultural services.more
This profile is part of a series of Climate Risk Country Profiles developed by the World Bank Group (WBG). The country profile
synthesizes most relevant data and information on climate change, disaster risk reduction, and adaptation actions and policies
at the country level. The country profile se...ries are designed as a quick reference source for development practitioners to better
integrate climate resilience in development planning and policy making.more
It explains the importance of faecal sludge management in urban areas in which many people rely on on-site and decentralized sanitation facilities and emphasizes the place of treatment in the overall sanitation service chain. It defines terms used throughout the book, explains why faecal sludge and ...septage treatment is important, and identifies broad treatment objectives.more
The objective of Health in the Americas: Overview of the Region of the Americas in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic is to respond to the need to address important public health issues in an increasingly timely manner, while serving as a platform with a close focus on specific issues of regional ...importance. This 2022 edition is the second in its new format, providing an overview of the analysis, as well as an in-depth description of the key issues related to COVID-19 in the Region of the Americas. This overview is supported by the Health in the Americas+ virtual platform, which offers interactive resources for data analysis and allows for the comparison of information disaggregated by subregions and countries.more
The survey highlights changes that have taken place in Bangladesh’s demographic and health situation since the previous BDHS surveys. The survey provides important information for policymakers and program personnel in addressing the monitoring and evaluation needs of the 4th Health, Population and... Nutrition Sector Program (4th HPNSP) of the Ministry of Health Family Welfare (MOHFW).more