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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

Framework for collaborative action on tuberculosis and comorbidities

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Addressing comorbidities and risk factors for TB is a crucial component of Pillar one of the End TB Strategy, which focuses on integrated patient-centred care and prevention, including action on TB and comorbidities. The Framework for collaborative action on TB and comorbidities aims to support coun... more

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Audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2021) CC

WHO’s total revenue in 2020 was US$ 4299 million and total expenses were US$ 3561 million, resulting in a surplus of US$ 824 million, which includes finance revenue (e.g. interest and investment income) of US$ 86 million, representing increases of 38% and 15% in revenue and expenses respectively. ... more

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and the Impact of Smokefree Policies

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

The Public Health Burden of Secondhand Exposure to Commercial Tobacco Smoke Secondhand smoke, the combination of smoke from burning commercial tobacco* products and the smoke breathed out by a person who is smoking, is deadly.

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Transitional Settlement - Displaced Populations

Tom Corsellis and Antonella Vitale University of Cambridge shelterproject; Oxfam (2005)

For the estimated 20 million refugees and 25 million internally displaced people worldwide, well-planned settlements can help to maximise their protection and security, and support them to minimise the spread of disease, manage natural resources sustainably, and maintain good relations with their ho... more

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Sexual Reproductive Health of Women Living HIV/AIDS

World Health Organization; UNFPA (2006)

Guidelines on care, treatment and support for women living with HIV/AIDS and their children in resource-constrained settings

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Prehospital trauma care systems

Sasser S,Varghese M, Kellermann A, Lormand JD. World Health Organization (2005) C_WHO

This manual provides guidance for policymakers on the issue of prehospital trauma care systems. The main areas covered include the organisation of the prehospital trauma care system, capacity development, data collection, transportation and communication, as well as ethical and legal considerations

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Guide to Good Prescribing (English version)

World Health Organization (WHO) (1994) C_WHO

A practical manual - The book provides step by step guidance to the process of rational prescribing, together with many illustrative examples. It teaches skills that are necessary throughout a clinical career.

Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections in the primary health care setting

Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit Centre for Disease Control (2012) C1

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GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS CLINICAL PROTOCOLS & TREATMENT GUIDELINES

MINISTRY OF HEALTH, Rwanda (2012)

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PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF BIOETHICS : CASE - STUDIES IN WOMEN’S HEALTH

By the Committee on Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health, International Federation of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) (2012)

This curriculum can be used freely in order to stimulate means of ethical analysis, reflection and decision-making.

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View PDF (2004)

Men As Partners - A Program for Supplementing the Training of Life Skills Educators

EngenderHealth; PPASA (2001)

A manual intended for use by Men As Partners (MAP) educators in facilitating workshops on male involvement in reproductive health. Contains a variety of interactive educational activities on such topics as gender and sexuality, male and female sexual health, HIV and AIDS, and other sexually transmit... more

National strategy for scaling up male circumcision for HIV prevention 2010 - 2015

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania (2010) C1

Enhancing Men’s Role in HIV Prevention

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Preventing violence and reducing its impact: how development agencies can help.

Alexander Butchart, David Brown, Andrew Wilson, and Christopher Mikton World Health Organization (2008)

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Priority life-saving medicines for women and children 2012

World Health Organization (2012) C_WHO

The Priority medicines for mothers and children 2011 list was updated following the 18th Expert Committee Meeting on Selection and Use of Medicines, the release of new treatment guidelines and feedback from partners following the 2011 version. In alignment with the UN Global strategy f... more

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WHO guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of persisting pain in children with medical illnesses

World Health Organization (2012)

The Access to Controlled Medications Programme identified the development of treatment guidelines that cover the treatment of all types of pain as one of the core areas of focus for improving access to opioid analgesics. Such guidelines are interesting both for health-care professionals and policy-... more

Syria Crisis Common Context Analysis

Hugo Slim and Lorenzo Trombetta IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2014)

Report commissioned by the IASC Inter-Agency Humanitarian Evaluations Steering Group as part of the Syria Coordinated Accountability and Lessons Learning Initiative

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The Colposcopic Atlas of Schistosomiasis in the Lower Female Genital Tract Based on Studies in Malawi, Zimbabwe, Madagascar and South Africa

Hanne M. Norseth1,2, Patricia D. Ndhlovu3, Elisabeth Kleppa, et al. (2014) CC

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases 8(11): e3229 (20 November 2014)

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HIV/AIDS, Prevention, Testing and Treatment: Evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews

MRC South Africa; The South African Cochraine Centre; The Cochrane HIVAIDS Group (2014)

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National Health Strategic Plan 2011 - 2015

Ministry of Health, Zambia (2011) C1