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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

A worldwide charter for all children with asthma

Szefler, S. J.; Fitzgerald, D. A.; Adachi, Y.; (2020) CC2

Asthma is the commonest chronic childhood disease and encompasses a spectrum of airway diseases with similar symptoms. Inaccurate diagnosis remains common, especially in younger children, with failure to characterize the different “asthmas.” Children worldwide repeatedly suffer symptoms which se... more

Community health workers to improve uptake of maternal healthcare services: A clusterrandomized pragmatic trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Geldsetzer, P.; Mboggo, E.; Larson, E.; et al. (2019) CC2

PLoS Med 16(3): e1002768. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002768 Home delivery and late and infrequent attendance at antenatal care (ANC) are responsible for substantial avoidable maternal and pediatric morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. This cluster-randomized trial aimed to de... more

Malawi Country Operational Plan 2021 Strategic Direction Summary May 19, 2021

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2021) CC2

PEPFAR Malawi’s Country Operational Plan (COP) 2021 reflects a culmination of strong interagency collaboration between the PEPFAR Malawi team, Government of Malawi (GoM), and civil society organizations (CSOs) to mitigate the devastating impacts of COVID-19 and sustain progress achieved over the l... more

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Essential Surgical Skills with special emphasis on Emergency Maternal & Child Health

Childhealth Advocacy International, Advanced Life Support Group Advanced Life Support Group, Childhealth Advocacy International (2007) C1

The Practical Approach to Emergencies in the Pregnant Mother, Newborn infant and Child. Provder Manual

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Guidelines for Accreditation of private health facilities for Providing RCH Services

Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India (2010) C1

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Skills lab for RMNCH+A Services - training manual

Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India (2013) C1

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Primary Trauma Care Manual - A Manual for Trauma Management in District and Remote Locations
recommended

World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists; Royal College of Anaesthetists (2010) CC

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Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Global Polio Eradication Initiative (2014)

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Now is the Time for Peak Performance

Global Polio Eradication (2015) C_WHO

Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (Twelfth Report: October 2015)

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Kenya national palliative care guidelines
recommended

Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health (2013) C1

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An Indian Primer of Palliative Care
recommended

M.R. Rajagopal Vallath Nandini, Lulu Mathews, et al. (2015) C1

For medical students and doctors

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National Guidelines for HIV and AIDS Treatment and Care in Adolescents and Adults

Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria , World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010) C_WHO

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National Guidelines for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT)

Federal Ministry of Health, Dept. of Public Health, National HIVSTI (2010) C1

Emergency Medicines List (EML). First Edition, November 2014 - Ethiopia

Food, Medicine and Health care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia (FMHACA) (2014) C_WHO

The list of emergency medicine has been developed though various consultative meeting and workshops with concerned health professionals and institutions. The medicines in the list should be administered to emergency patients only treated in the health institutions, purchased from legal medicine reta... more