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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

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Story of change in four countries Building capacity for integrating mental health care within health services across humanitarian settings

World Health Organization WHO; mGAP (2021) C_WHO

The world is facing an unprecedented range of emergencies. In reaction to these complex adversities, many people experience considerable distress and impairment, and a minority may even go on to develop mental health conditions. Meanwhile, those with pre-existing mental health conditions may experie... more

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Strategic Toolkit for Assessing Risks- A comprehensive toolkit for all-hazards health emergency risk assessment

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The Strategic Tool for Assessing Risks (STAR) offers a comprehensive, easy-to-use toolkit and approach to enable national and subnational governments to rapidly conduct a strategic and evidence-based assessment of public health risks for planning and prioritization of health emergency preparedness a... more

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Fed to Fail: The crisis of children's diets in early life - 2021 Child Nutrition Report

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2021) C_UNICEF

Arabic Analysis on World about Food and Nutrition; published on 22 Sep 2021 by UNICEF. Available in different languages

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Climate Change and Land

International Panel on Climate Change IPCC (2019) C2

An IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.

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Gendered Health Analysis: COVID-19 in the Americas

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2021) C_WHO

This document focus on the direct consequences of the virus (morbidity and mortality) in specific populations and on the results of measures aimed at mitigating the spread of the virus, with indirect impacts on socio-economic conditions. In this complex scenario, the gender approach has not received... more

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Xpert Ultra versus Xpert MTB/RIF for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis

Zifodaya, J.; et al. Cochrane (2021) C1

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD009593. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009593.pub5.

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Guidelines for safe management of pharmaceutical waste

Ministry of Health, Kenya; Pharmacy and Poisons Board (2019) CC

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Medication review and medicines use review

International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) (2022) CC

A toolkit for pharmacists. Emerging data show that medication errors and adverse events cause significant harm to patients’ health and well-being. It is estimated that the burden of adverse events due to medicines is now comparable to that of widespread diseases, such as malaria or tuberculosis... more

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Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 Pandemic: Information and interim guidelines for pharmacists and the pharmacy workforce

International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) (2020) CC

The purpose of this document is to provide relevant information and guidelines on coronavirus outbreaks – and in particular the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the diseases it produces, COVID-19 – for pharmacists and the pharmacy workforce, both in a primary care context (i.e. community phar... more

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Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

GBD 2019 Tuberculosis Collaborators (2022) CC

Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22: 222–4