In 2021 ACT-Accelerator will intensify its drive for equity and scale in the delivery of essential COVID-19 tools, while managing emerging viral risks. To address these major shifts and maintain momentum, ACT-Accelerator has defined four strategic priorities for 2021: ...ight medbox">Rapidly scale up the delivery of at least 2 billion doses of vaccines. Bolster R&D, evaluations & regulatory pathways to optimize products and address variants. Stimulate rapid and effective uptake and use of COVID-19 tests, treatments, and PPE. Ensure a robust pipeline of essential tests, treatments, and PPE.
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Tanzania, like other developing countries, is facing a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The country is experiencing rapid growth of modifiable and intermediate risk factors that accelerate CVD mortality and morbidity rates. In rural ...and urban settings, cardiovascular risk factors such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity, are documented to be higher in this review. Increased urbanization, lifestyle changes, lack of awareness and rural to urban movement have been found to increase CVD risk factors in Tanzania. Despite the identification of modifiable risk factors for CVDs, there is still limited information on physical inactivity and eating habits among Tanzanian population that needs to be addressed. Conclusively, primary prevention, improved healthcare system, which include affordable health services, availability of trained health care providers, improved screening and diagnostic equipment, adequate guidelines, and essential drugs for CVDs are the key actions that need to be implemented for cost effective control and management of CVDs. Effective policy for control and management of CVDs should also properly be employed to ensure fruitful implementation of different interventions.
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Given that only 1.52 million of the 8.75 million people living with type 1 diabetes around the world in 2022 were less than 20 years old, the lack of data available for adult populations presents a stark gap in the research. Without rapid diagnosis ...and appropriate treatment, type 1 diabetes leads to diabetic ketoacidosis and rapid death, making awareness and education about the condition critical.
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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and it is now the fourth leading cause of death. The increasing... prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the emergence of diabetes complications as a cause of early morbidity and mortality, and the enormous and mounting burden on health care systems make diabetes a priority health concern. These guidelines provide up-to-date, reliable and balanced information for the prevention and care of diabetes mellitus in the Region. The information is evidence-based and clearly stated to facilitate the use of the guidelines in daily practice. They are intended to benefit physicians at primary, secondary and tertiary level, general practitioners, internists and family medicine specialists, clinical dieticians and nurses as well as policy-makers at ministries of health. They provide the information necessary for decision-making by health care providers and patients themselves about disease management in the most commonly encountered situations.
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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and it is now the fourth leading cause of death. The increasing... prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the emergence of diabetes complications as a cause of early morbidity and mortality, and the enormous and mounting burden on health care systems make diabetes a priority health concern. These guidelines provide up-to-date, reliable and balanced information for the prevention and care of diabetes mellitus in the Region. The information is evidence-based and clearly stated to facilitate the use of the guidelines in daily practice. They are intended to benefit physicians at primary, secondary and tertiary level, general practitioners, internists and family medicine specialists, clinical dieticians and nurses as well as policy-makers at ministries of health. They provide the information necessary for decision-making by health care providers and patients themselves about disease management in the most commonly encountered situations.
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Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including mental disorders, currently pose one of the biggest threats to health and development globally, particularly in low and middle income countries2. It is predicted that unless proven interventions are rapidl...y implemented in countries, in the short to medium term, health care costs will increase exponentially and severe negative consequences will ensue not only to individuals and families but to whole societies and economies. NCDs are already a major burden in South Africa, but without added rigorous and timely action the health and development consequences may well become catastrophic. Immediate and additional, high quality, evidence based and focussed interventions are needed to promote health, prevent disease and provide more effective and equitable care and treatment for people living with NCDs at all levels of the health system. The problem is further compounded by the rising global prevalence of multi-morbidity (defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases in one individual).
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Planning for public health emergencies should ensure that capabilities developed during previous emergencies are maintained, incorporated, and put into practice when a new event of public health concern arises. Investments in pandemic preparedness lead to more ...box">rapid detection and a stronger response to public health threats, thereby shielding communities from the debilitating social and economic effects of epidemics and pandemics. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recognizes the efforts of countries in the Region of the Americas to develop and/or strengthen their respiratory pathogen pandemic plans. PAHO supports planning activities with tools and expertise, aligning these efforts with the Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) initiative. The PRET initiative is an innovative approach to improving disease pandemic preparedness. It recognizes that the same systems, capacities, knowledge, and tools can be leveraged and applied for groups of pathogens based on their mode of transmission (respiratory, vector-borne, foodborne etc.). The PRET initiative incorporates the latest tools and approaches for shared learning and collective action established during the COVID-19 pandemic and other recent public health emergencies.
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In the European Union, over 20 million people suffer from asthma. During the 1990s there was a rapid decrease in asthma mortality, probably related to the increased use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). However, during the last decade, asthma mortal...ity rates have plateaued, and a consistently high proportion of patients have uncontrolled asthma. As a result, many patients with asthma still have impaired quality of life and suffer from chronic respiratory symptoms, often including night-time symptoms, causing sleep disturbance, excessive daytime sleepiness and decreased work productivity.
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There has been a global outbreak of mpox since 2022; this outbreak has been caused by the strain of mpox virus called Clade 2 and has affected around 116 countries worldwide. The current surge in cases is being driven by the rapid spread of a differ...ent strain – Clade 1b – which is predominantly affecting countries across the African region, particularly DRC, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda [1]. The guidance in this document applies to both Clades of mpox. WHO publishes a dashboard of updated cases globally here. Different Clades and Sub-Clades of mpox behave slightly differently to each other; WHO is monitoring for any significant differences between the Clades, including transmission routes. This guidance will be updated as more information becomes available on this issue.
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Aerosol pollutants are known to raise the risk of development of non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis. Sub-Saharan Africa’s rapid pace of urb...anization, economic expansion, and population growth raise concerns of increasing incidence of NCRDs. This research characterizes the state of research on pollution and NCRDs in the 46 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This research systematically reviewed the literature on studies of asthma; chronic bronchitis; allergic rhinitis; and air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, NOx, and sulfuric oxide.
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Effective malaria case management requires quick access to diagnostics and antimalarial treatments to reduce illness and death. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been essential to malaria treatment since 2001, as it combines artemisinin for r...apid parasite reduction with a partner drug to ensure complete cure. However, resistance to antimalarial drugs, where parasites survive standard doses, threatens malaria control.
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Over the past 50 years, dengue has spread from nine to over a hundred countries, making it the most rapidly spreading vector-borne disease. Yet, dengue continues to have a low profile among policy-makers and donors and does not receive the media att...ention it deserves. While there is no vaccine or cure for dengue, it can be managed and prevented. We need a renewed commitment to integrated programming that includes improved management and diagnosis, increased awareness and community participation in controlling the vector and enhanced environmental sanitation
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¿Hay ocasiones en que tiene ataques repentinos de ansiedad y temor abrumador que duran varios minutos? Tal vez el corazón le late rápidamente, comienza a sudar y siente como si no pudiera respirar o pensar. ¿Estos
ataques ocurren en momentos im...predecibles sin ningún factor desencadenante obvio, llenándole de inquietud de que pudiera tener otro en cualquier momento?
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Psiquiatría y pediatría - Capítulo I.3
El progreso en la prevención y el tratamiento del VIH/SIDA en los últimos veinte años ha sido notable. Una enfermedad que inicialmente dio lugar a una rápida mortalidad se ha convertido en una enfermeda...d crónica. Tanto es así que un adolescente diagnosticado con VIH puede esperar vivir 60 años o más, y será más propenso a sucumbir a las enfermedades del envejecimiento, como la enfermedad cardíaca, que a la infección por el VIH.
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Planetary health is a transdisciplinary approach that aims to advance the understanding of the links between human-driven changes to the planet and their consequences, and to develop appropriate solutions to the challenges identified. This emerging movement has not yet agreed upon a code of ethics t...o underpin the rapidly expanding body of research being carried out in its
name. However, a code of ethics might support the principles for planetary health set out in the Canmore Declaration of 2018. Phrases such as “Public Health 2.0”, “Human Health in an Era of Global Environmental Change”, or “A safe and just operating space for humanity” are often used in planetary health discussions, but are not always clearly defined and so far, the field lacks a strong guiding ethical framework. In this paper, we propose a starting point towards a code of ethics for planetary health that builds on the Canmore Declaration.
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Of the 50 antibiotics in the pipeline, 32 target WHO priority pathogens but the majority have only limited benefits when compared to existing antibiotics. Two of these are active against the multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which are spreading ...rapidly and require urgent solutions.
Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, can cause severe and often deadly infections that pose a particular threat for people with weak or not yet fully developed immune systems, including newborns, ageing populations, people undergoing surgery and cancer treatment.
The report highlights a worrying gap in activity against the highly resistant NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1), with only three antibiotics in the pipeline. NDM-1 makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of antibiotics, including those from the carbapenem family, which today are the last line of defence against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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Rapport sur les Indicateurs Clés 3ème année.
Le présent rapport présente les résultats clés et est conçu pour fournir aux décideurs et prestataires de service, le plus rapidement après la fin de la collecte, des informations sur le nivea...u de certains indicateurs les plus importants. Il est essentiellement descriptif et ne couvre pas tous les domaines enquêtés. Le rapport final couvrira l’ensemble des domaines enquêtés avec une analyse plus élaborée des données, en fonction de certaines caractéristiques sociodémographiques des personnes interviewées.
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Accessed on 13.02.2020
Tirer pleinement profit du dividende démographique, mettre fin à l’épidémie de sida et assurer durablement la santé pour tous en Afrique.
Ce rapport plaide pour une nouvelle initiative majeure : recruter, former et déployer ...dbox">rapidement 2 millions d’agents de santé communautaires en Afrique. S’appuyant sur un vaste éventail de preuves et une solide expérience régionale, le rapport montre comment les agents de santé communautaires sauvent des vies et améliorent la qualité de vie. Il montre également comment les investissements dans les agents de santé communautaires exploitent efficacement le dividende démographique, réduisent l’inégalité entre les sexes et accélèrent la croissance économique et le développement. En effet, les avantages des agents de santé communautaires s’étendent sur l’ensemble du programme de développement durable.
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Le secrétariat du RSI à l’OMS a développé un outil pour les missions d’EEC qui mesure les aptitudes du pays à prévenir, détecter et répondre rapidement aux menaces de santé publique, conformément aux exigences du RSI (2005). Cet outil ...est également utilisé pour l’exercice d’auto-évaluation réalisé par le pays, préalablement à l’EEC. Les résultats ainsi obtenus permettent de préparer un plan d’action national multisectoriel destiné à renforcer la mise en œuvre du RSI (2005).
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A key component of epidemic and pandemic preparedness is ensuring systems are in place for real-time information to flow from a trusted source to the people at risk.
In the absence of such information rumours can spread rapidly through social media..., resulting in an INFODEMIC. EPI-WIN is the WHO Information Network for Epidemics that will provide tailored information to different audiences during a public health event.
EPI-WIN seeks to give everyone access to timely, accurate, and easy-to-understand advice and information from trusted sources on public health events and outbreaks: currently the COVID-19 public health emergency.
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