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Will COVID-19 vaccines be safe? Will all the COVID-19 candidate vaccines be successful? What are the different phases a vaccine must go through to be approved? This document provides responses to the most frequently asked questions about candidate v ... more
This version of Field Trials of Health Interventions includes seven new chapters on conducting systematic literature reviews, trial governance, preliminary studies and pilot testing, budgeting and accounting, intervention costing and economic analy ... more
22 December 2020 The COVID-19 vaccine safety guidance manual has been developed upon recommendation and guidance of GACVS members, as well as by experts incorporating current and available information critical to all stakeholders when COVID-19 vac ... more
In the current absence of vaccine for COVID-19, public health response target breaking the chain of infection by focusing on the mode of transmission. This paper summarizes current evidence-base around the transmission dynamics, pathogenic, and clin ... more
Immunizations are an essential health service that protect susceptible individuals from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD).2 By providing timely immunizations, individuals and communities remain protected and the likelihood of a VPD outbreak decreas ... more
This guide is intended to support national governments developing their national deployment and vaccination plans (NDVPs) for COVID-19 vaccines by outlining the roles, needs and opportunities for community health workers (CHWs) to contribute. This note builds on and is structured to align with the G ... more
Interim recommendations for the use of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] COVID-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca COVID-19 AZD1222 Vaxzevria™, SII COVISHIELD™ vaccine) - Last updated 30 July 2021
This document summarizes the results of the WHO-commissioned full value proposition for new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. The assessment was commissioned to provide early evidence for national and global decision-makers involved in TB vaccine developm ... more
The WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination is intended to offer guidance on the prioritization of groups for vaccination when vaccine supply is limited. It provides a values foundation for the object ... more
When situations occur in which unwanted events are rightly or wrongly connected with vaccination, they may erode confidence in vaccines and the authorities delivering them. This document presents the scientific evidence behind WHO’s recommendations on building and restoring confidence in vaccines ... more
It is estimated that around 2 billion people worldwide do not have access to essential medicines. Access to medicines in the Eastern Mediterranean Region varies among countries, depending on their income level and allocation of domestic resources to medicine and ... more
The roadmap describes the actions needed to achieve the three development goals for TB vaccines set by the WHO: 1. A safe, effective and affordable TB vaccine for adolescents and adults. 2. An affordable TB ... more
Diarrhea is one of the world’s leading causes of child illness and death, and rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea. Yet it can be prevented and treated. There is a vaccine. And while hundreds of thousands of children in India will ... more
Humanitarian emergencies, regardless of type and cause, have a number of common risk factors for communicable diseases inextricably linked to excess risk of morbidity and mortality which can come from vaccine–preventable diseases (VPDs). The reduc ... more
The position papers are intended for use by national public health officials and managers of immunization programmes. They may also be of interest to international funding agencies, vaccine advisory groups, ... more
Sleeping sickness is controlled by case detection and treatment but this often only reaches less than 75% of the population. Vector control is capable of completely interrupting HAT transmission but is not used because of expense. We conducted a full scale field ... more
This global guidance provided the framework for over 100 countries to develop their NDVPs. This updated (second) version supersedes the previous version published in 16 November 2020. New information has been added on the following areas: the COVID-19 Partners Platform; the use of COVID ... more
“Guide to facilitate the implementation of the WHO/UNICEF “Guidance on developing a national deployment and vaccination plan for COVID-19 vaccines” for Africa t contains action-oriented lists of critical topics to address and checklists tailored to the context of African Union Member States. ... more
CEPI is seeking to raise $3.5 billion to implement CEPI’s next 5-year plan. To mitigate the immediate threat of COVID-19 variants, it is activating key elements of this plan now—and seeking to mobilise a portion of this $3.5 billion in 2021. We have already launched R&D programmes to initiate de ... more
Humanitarian emergencies result in a breakdown of critical health-care services and often make vulnerable communities dependent on external agencies for care. In resource-constrained settings, this may occur against a backdrop of extreme poverty, malnutrition, insecurity, low literacy and poor infra ... more
The WHO continuously reviews available data on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For this version, the global epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 21 January 2022 – at a time when the Omicron VOC had been identified in 171 countries across all six WHO Regions and was rapidly re ... more
Taking the whole of Africa approach to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to require coordinated efforts from multiple stakeholders from across the continent. Africa CDC would like to acknowledge the deep partnership and continued support of AUDA-NEPAD, AVAREF, WHO AFRO, the Bill a ... more
mnesty International’s annual report on the state of the world’s human rights in 2021, published in March 2022, shows that promises to “build back better” after the Covid-19 pandemic were little more than lip service. Hopes of global cooperation withered in the face of ... more
Development of one or more vaccines for Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an important objective for sexual and reproductive health worldwide, and for the fight against antimicrobial resistance. WHO preferred product characteristics (PPCs) provide strategic guidance as to WHO’s preferences for new vacci ... more
Annual and medium-term budget preparation processes are the platforms through which specific plans are transformed into actual resource allocation decisions. The aim of this Process Guide is to support key stakeholders involved in these processes (such as the Cabinet, Ministries of Finance and Healt ... more
The article focuses on "The State of the World’s Children 2023" report published by UNICEF. It highlights the critical role of vaccines in saving lives and the challenges in global immunization efforts, especially for marginalized and underserved children. The report emphasizes the impact of COVID ... more
This report is one of the first major products of the newly established Precision Public Health Metrics unit of the UCN cluster of the WHO Regional Office for Africa. The report presents national trends in communicable and non-communicable disease burden and control in the WHO African region. It tra ... more
This threat assessment addresses the implications of the ongoing Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Rwanda for the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). MVD is a severe disease in humans and, although uncommon, it has the potential to cause epidemics with significant case fatality. ... more
COVAXINTM, India's indigenous COVID-19 vaccine by Bharat Biotech is developed in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Virology (NIV). The indigenous, inactivated ... more
1 marco 2021. As orientações deste documento visam, principalmente, equipar o pessoal da saúde com ferramentas que lhes permitam aumentar a eficiência da comunicação com a população geral e aumentar, manter ou recuperar a confiança do público nas vacinas e nos programa de imunização na R ... more
WHO practical guidelines. 2nd edition
This position paper on polio vaccines replaces the 2016 WHO position paper, and summarizes recent developments in the field.
Vaccines are powerful weapons in the fight against pandemic viruses as shown by responses to both the 2009 H1N1 influenza and the COVID-19 pandemics. However, planning for accessing, allocating and deploying vaccines in a pandemic situation is a complex endeavour, beset with multiple challenges at a ... more
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010; 50:291–322
Journal of The Association of Physicians of India, Vol. 63 November 2015,, pp.77-96
Accessed Sept, 5 2018 Weekly epidemiological record, Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire : Vol.93 (2018) No.13
The main objective of this guidance is to provide scientific advice, based on an evidence-based assessment of targeted public health interventions, to facilitate effective screening and vaccination for priority infectious diseases among newly arrived migrant populations to the EU/EEA. It is intended ... more
The goal of the strategy is to prevent seasonal influenza, control the spread of influenza from animals to humans, and prepare for the next influenza pandemic. The new strategy is the most comprehensive and far-reaching that WHO has ever developed for influenza. It outlines a path to protect popul ... more
The report presents current information (updated to September 2015) on candidate vaccines, therapies and medical devices for Ebola and gives an overview of completed and on-going trials.
This document provides answers to FAQs healthcare providers and staff may have about COVID-19 vaccines
Временное руководство (‎Первый выпуск 24 мая 2021 г., Обновлено 21 октября 2021 г., Обновлено 15 марта 2022 г.
Declarations of interests were collected from all external contributors and assessed for any conflicts of interest. Summaries of the reported interests can be found on the SAGE meeting website and SAGE Covid-19 Working Group webpage. This guidance should be considered along with the broader COVID- ... more

Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance

EuroHealth Observer European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Eurostation (2020) C2
The focus of the current quarterly edition of Eurohealth (from the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies) is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and contains the following articles: • Strengthening implementation of AMR national action plans • Fostering clinical developmen ... more
WHO technical advisory group on behavioural insights and sciences for health, meeting report, 15 October 2020
Working Document Nov. 2020 The COVAX Supply and Logistics workstream lead by UNICEF, Gavi and WHO have released a working copy of the COVID-19 Vaccination, Country Readiness & Delivery: Supply and Logistics Guidance. Countries might find this Guide useful when developing and strengthening their sup ... more
31 Oct 2022 his plan outlines how the ACT-Accelerator will support countries as the world transitions to long-term COVID-19 control.   Recognizing the evolving nature of the COVID-19 virus and pandemic, the plan outlines changes to ACT-A’s set-up and ways of working, to ensure countries co ... more
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (‎2022)‎. Recomendaciones provisionales sobre el uso de la vacuna CanSinoBIO Ad5-nCoV-S [‎recombinante]‎ (‎Convidecia™)‎ contra la COVID-19: orientaciones provisionales, primera publicación: 19 de mayo de 2022.
As of January 20, 2021 the Covid-19 - living NMA initiative collected 150 RCTs and 36 non-randomised studies of vaccines from the ICTRP. 93 of these trials are recruiting patients.
временное руководство. Первый выпуск: 10 февраля 2021 г. Обновлено: 21 апреля 2021 г. Последнее обновление 30 июля 2021г.
orientations provisoires, première publication: 10 février 2021, mise à jour : 21 avril 2021, dernière mise à jour : 30 juillet 2021
3 March 2016
orientaciones provisionales, primera publicación: 24 de mayo de 2021, actualización: 21 de octubre de 2021, actualización: 15 de marzo de 2022
Has the world worked together to tackle the coronavirus? July 2021. This research paper assesses how the global community has responded to calls for greater solidarity in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic, and presents the insights of key stakeholders and experts in global health governance, health sec ... more
orientations provisoires, première publication le 25 janvier 2021, mise à jour le 15 juin 2021, mise à jour le 19 novembre 2021
Policy 25 February 2015 Vol 7 Issue 276 276fs8
This is an updated introductory two-page document that defines AIDS vaccines and reviews key developments in the field.
This situation update is on the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) reported cases and deaths, Globally, Regionally, for Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean Countries, French Territories, and the United Kingdom Overseas Territories.
Когда возникают ситуации, при которых нежелательные явления справедливо или ошибочно связывают с вакцинацией, они могут подорвать доверие к вакцинам и официальны ... more
This issue is available in Engilsh, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tagalog from the website
Issue Brief no. 16. 20 Sept 2021. Many studies have shown the effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 and that it protects against severe illness. A high vaccination rate is needed to combat the pandemic worldwide. Due to misinformation and myths, there is still a great hesitancy to vaccina ... more
The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization held a meeting on 3-6 October 2022. This report summarizes the discussions, conclusions and recommendations. It covers the following items: Global Reports Immunization Agenda 2030 and Regional reports Monkeypox RSV COVID-19 vacci ... more
Global Health Science and Practice February 2022, https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00237 Key Findings: Exposure to vaccination information from faith leaders and health facilities was associated with increased likelihood of vaccination uptake. The significant association between exposure to a ... more
Accessed: 03.09.2019
UNAIDS and the World Health Organization have published this updated guidance on ethical considerations in HIV prevention trials. The new guidance is the result of a year-long process that saw more than 80 experts and members of the public give inputs and is published 21 years after the first editio ... more
This training module is designed to equip HWs with knowledge and communication skills to build their confidence and support them in their ability to promote acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among other HWs.
This document outlines the working structure and guiding principles for collaboration of COVAX, the Vaccines pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A). The working structure of COVAX continues to adapt to emerging needs and the changing trajectory of the pandemic. Some components of ... more
Vaccination programmes against COVID-19 and seasonal influenza are currently being implemented in parallel in many countries. Administration of both vaccines during the same visit has potential advantages. This document presents the evidence related to coadministration of Covid-19 and influenza vacc ... more
BMC Medicine (2015) 13:42 DOI 10.1186/s12916-014-0263-6
Moving towards equity and quality
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 1; (6): 1–61 -Published online 2016 July 1
Every day, fake medicines and medical products are sold at street corners, in open air markets or on unregulated websites in several countries in the African Region. These poor quality, unsafe medicines and pharmaceutical products promote drug resistance and lead to loss of confidence in health prof ... more
Review Triccas and Counoupas Pneumonia (2016) 8:18; DOI 10.1186/s41479-016-0020-z
It provides insight into WHO’s work that aims to improve the health of the people of the United Republic of Tanzania in collaboration with key stakeholders.
Временное руководство2 ноября 2020 г. Это временное руководство представляет собой обновление более ранней версии, опубликованной 31 мая 2020 г. в качестве «Согласован ... more
2021 UNAIDS Global AIDS Update. UNAIDS report shows that people living with HIV face a double jeopardy, HIV and COVID-19, while key populations and children continue to be left behind in access to HIV services
Document d'orientation pour le personnel de santé