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A review of current literature and up date data from the field, April 2015.
This report has been published in part in J Hosp Inf. 2015;90:1-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=ebola+nosocomial+shears
Testing Algorithm. Interim Guidance
interactive map, please follow the link below to use the map functions
updated 31 March 2016
http://ais.paho.org/phip/viz/ed_zika_countrymap.asp
This document sets out the criteria and procedures to be followed by countries in verifying the interruption of yaws transmission. It is intended for use by international verification teams, national yaws eradication programmes and WHO technical sta
...
ff involved in the eradication of yaws.
more
PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 1
December 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 12 | e82027
a systematic review and meta-analysis Derek K Chu et al. on behalf of the COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors.
Published: The Lancet June 01, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016S0140-6736(20)31142-9
'We did a systematic review of 172 observational studies in health-
...
care and non-health-care settings across 16 countries and six continents... Physical distancing of 1 m or more was associated with a much lower risk of infection, as was use of face masks (including N95 respirators or similar and surgical or similar masks [eg, 12–16-layer cotton or gauze masks]) and eye protection (eg, goggles or face shields)...'
more
La enfermedad de Chagas, también llamada tripanosomiasis americana, sigue siendo endémica en 21 países de América Latina. Sin embargo, como consecuencia de las migraciones, la urbanización, la intensificación del turismo, la modificación de las estrategias agrícolas y el cambio climático, l
...
a enfermedad ha traspasado el marco rural y el ámbito latinoamericano que le dieron identidad durante decenios, y ha logrado instalarse en la periferia de las ciudades del área endémica y en países de América del Norte, Europa, Asia y Oceanía y transformarse en un problema de salud pública global.
more
The WHO COVID-19 LENS (Living Evidence Synthesis) working group consolidated available evidence, based on rapid reviews of the literature and results of a living systematic review on pregnancy and COVID-19 (up to October 7, 2020), on potential mechanisms of vertical
...
transmission of infectious pathogens, feasibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, data related to interpretation of positive SARS-CoV-2 virologic and serologic neonatal tests, lessons from diagnosis of other congenital infections, and existing proposed definitions to classify timing of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
more
Déclaration de Principe, octobre 2020
2nd edition, June 2021
The arrival and rapid spread of the mosquito-borne viral disease Chikungunya across the Americas is one of the most significant public health developments of recent years, preceding and mirroring the subsequent spread of Zika. Globalization in trade and travel can lead to the importation of these vi
...
ruses, but climatic conditions strongly affect the efficiency of transmission in local settings. In order to direct preparedness for future outbreaks, it is necessary to anticipate global regions that could become suitable for Chikungunya transmission. Here, we present global correlative niche models for autochthonous Chikungunya transmission. These models were used as the basis for projections under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. In a further step, hazard maps, which account for population densities, were produced. The baseline models successfully delineate current areas of active Chikungunya transmission. Projections under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios suggest the likelihood of expansion of transmission-suitable areas in many parts of the world, including China, sub-Saharan Africa, South America, the United States and continental Europe. The models presented here can be used to inform public health preparedness planning in a highly interconnected world.
more
An overview of validation structures and responsibilities at national, regional and global levels.
This governance document supplements the global guidance document. Validation of elimination requires rigorous assessment at the national, regional and global levels of the impact and process indicato
...
rs and the fulfilment of the four foundational requirements for (1) data quality, (2) strong programmes, (3) laboratory quality and (4) human rights, gender equality and community engagement.
more
Testing Algorithm. Interim Guidance
Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) Call
April 12, 2016
Guidance
Second Edition
Monitoring and Evaluation
WHO recommends member states provide universal access to public hand hygiene stations and making their use obligatory on entering and leaving any public or private commercial building and any public transport facility. It is also recommended that healthcare facilities improve access to and practice
...
of hand hygiene.
more
-1-توصیاتللدول الأعضاء بشأن تحسین ممارسات نظافة الأیدي للمساعدة علىمنع انتقال فیروس كوفید-19
23 Dec 2020. The aim of this document is to provide an update on the knowledge surrounding the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of schools in the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the experience in the EU from August–Decem
...
ber, 2020. This document also addresses transmission to and from staff in school settings, school-related mitigation measures including risk communication, testing, contact tracing and the efficacy of partial and full school closures. This document draws upon and updates evidence presented in the previous report from ECDC on this topic, which was published on August 6, 2020
more
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 4 December 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e2
Published: April 26, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176004
This policy brief describes key HIV viral load thresholds and the available viral load testing approaches for monitoring how well antiretroviral therapy is working for people living with HIV. It provides clarification for and elaborates upon the current treatment monitoring algorithm from the Consol
...
idated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach.
This information can help people living with HIV to live healthy lives, ensure that HIV is not transmitted to other people and support policy-makers in determining the optimal allocation of resources for viral load testing and communicating the results.
more
Retest and treat: a review of national HIV retesting guidelines to inform elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (EMTCT) efforts
A. L. Drake; K. A. Thomson; C. Quinn; et al.
Journal of the International AIDS Society; PubMed.gov
(2019)
C2
Review
Drake AL et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2019, 22:e25271 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.25271/full | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25271
Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States
Development of Health and Human Services USA; AIDSinfo
Development of Health and Human Services USA; AIDSinfo
(2020)
C2
Developed by the HHS Panel on Treatment of Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission—
A Working Group of the Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council (OARAC)
Accessed: 12.02.2020
Pour une intervention efficace et efficiente de lutte anti-vectorielle, il est nécessaire de disposer au préalable des informations sur l’écologie, le comportement et la dynamique des populations de vecteurs locaux. Après interventions, il est fondamental d'évaluer l'effet des opérations et
...
aussi de pouvoir détecter ou prédire les fluctuations inhabituelles des tendances qui peuvent avoir des conséquences significatives sur la maladie.
Pour cette raison, des scientifiques d'institutions de recherche, des programmes nationaux de lutte contre le paludisme et de l'OMS se sont réunis en Juin 2008, à Libreville (Gabon) pour élaborer le premier projet de document intitulé «procédures opérationnelles standardisées (SOP) pour la surveillance des vecteurs dans le cadre de la surveillance intégrée des maladies et la gestion intégrée des vecteurs ». Le Projet de document a été finalisé par deux consultants et envoyé aux 7 pays pilotes pour être testé sur le terrain.
more
L’ hygiène des mains est la mesure la plus efficace pour réduire la propagation des infections dans le cadre de stratégies multimodales, y compris l’accès à des fournitures appropriées. Les présentes orientations concernent donc tous les pays
...
et sont recommandées en particulier pour les zones qui n’ont pas d’accès facile à l’hygiène des mains.
more
Orientations provisoires
1er avril 2020
Les États Membres doivent améliorer les pratiques d’hygiène des mains de manière ambitieuse afin d’aider à prévenir la transmission du virus de la COVID-19 :
1. en fournissant un accès univers
...
el à des postes publics d’hygiène des mains et en rendant leur utilisation obligatoire à l’entrée et à la sortie de tout bâtiment commercial public ou privé et de tout lieu de transport public ;
2. en améliorant l’accès aux installations et aux pratiques d’hygiène des mains dans les établissements de santé.
more
Transmission
Symptoms
Prevention
Treatment
Transmission of Chagas disease (CD) has decreased in recent decades, but the disease remains an important problem in endemic areas. There was an increase in the proportion of nonvector transmission,
...
mainly in nonendemic countries. The aim of this study was to gather evidence concerning healthcare professional’s knowledge about CD.
more
High Transmission Areas: Key Populations
Congenital transmission of Chagas disease has not been extensively studied in Colombia, and there are no standardized processes in the health system regarding
the specific diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of this disease. To generate recommendat
...
ions on congenital Chagas disease and Chagas in women of childbearing
age in Colombia, a consensus of experts was developed. An extensive literature search through the Medline database was carried out using the MeSH terms:
«Chagas disease/congenital», «prevention and control», «diagnosis», «therapeutics» and «pregnancy». Appropriate abstracts were selected and the full texts were
analyzed. The relevant information was synthesized, classified, and organized into tables and figures and was presented to a panel of experts, which was composed
of 30 professionals from various fields. Based on the Delphi methodology, three rounds of consultation were conducted. The first and second rounds were based
on electronic questionnaires that measured the level of consensus of each question among the participants. The third round was based on a face-to-face discussion focusing on those questions without consensus in the previous consultations. The evidence was adapted to national circumstances on a case-by-case basis,
and the content the final document was approved. These recommendations are proposed for use in routine medical practice by health professionals in Colombia.
more
La prévention de la transmission des virus dans le cadre des soins de santé nécessite d’appliquer des procédures et protocoles appelés plus généralement «contrôles». Ceux-ci, par ordre d’efficacité pour la lutte contre l’infection
...
sont les suivants: contrôles administratifs, contrôles de l’environnement, contrôles techniques et équipement de protection individuelle (EPI).
Ce document récapitule les recommandations pour l’équipement de protection individuelle (EPI) que les agents de santé doivent porter pour dispenser des soins aux patients infectés par un filovirus (Ebola ou Marburg). Il est accompagné de spécifications techniques décrivant les équipements et précisant les normes recommandées
more
Prevention of nosocominal transmission of tuberculosis - overview of several national guidelines
Hyg Med 31. Jahrgang 2016 - Heft 3
Mode de Transmission
Symptômes
Prévention
Traitement
The emergence and transmission of zoonotic diseases are driven by complex interactions
between health, environmental, and socio-political systems. Human movement is considered
a significant and increasing factor in these processes, yet forced migr
...
ation remains an
understudied area of zoonotic research–due in part to the complexity of conducting interdisciplinary
research in these settings.
more
Kenya : National Communications Strategy
NATIONAL AIDS and STIs CONTROL PROGRAMME (NASCOP), MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION
Ministry of health
(2012)
C1
Towards the Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and keeping mothers Alive. 2012-2015
The role of environmental contamination in transmission of COVID-19 virus is currently not clear. This protocol has been designed to determine (viable) virus presence and persistence on fomites in various locations where a patient infected with COVI
...
D-19 is currently receiving care or being isolated, and to understand how this may relate to COVID-19 transmission events in these settings. It is therefore important that it is done as part of a comprehensive outbreak investigation and that information obtained by environmental studies is combined with the results of epidemiological, laboratory and sequence data from COVID-19 patient investigations.
more
Contact tracing may help limit COVID-19 transmission when the first cases are identified within a country but can be very resource intensive.
It is likely not to be feasible when community transmission
...
is occurring and cases outside known transmission chains increase greatly.
more
Several countries have demonstrated that COVID-19 transmission from one person to another can be slowed or stopped. This document has been prepared based on the evidence currently available about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
...
transmission (human-to-human transmission primarily via respiratory droplets from, or direct contact with, an infected person), and is designed to ensure that the accommodation sector can protect the health of its staff and clients.
more
The waves of yellow fever transmission in the Region of the Americas in 2016–2018 involved the largest number of human and epizootic cases to be reported in several decades. Yellow fever is a serious viral hemorrhagic disease that poses a challeng
...
e for health professionals. It requires early recognition of signs and symptoms, which are often nonspecific, and it can mimic other acute febrile syndromes. Early detection of suspected or confirmed cases, monitoring of vital signs, life support measures, and treatment of acute kidney failure continue to be the recommended strategies for case management. This report is the result of discussions among experienced specialists in the Americas on the clinical management of yellow fever patients, especially during outbreaks and epidemics, in the context of current medical and scientific evidence and taking into account the technical guidelines already available in the countries of the Region. It includes flowcharts for initially addressing patients with clinical suspicion of yellow fever and proposes a minimum package of laboratory tests that may be useful in contexts where resources are limited. In addition, it considers aspects of health system organization for dealing with yellow fever outbreaks and epidemics.
more
In an effort to limit transmission and achieve pandemic control on the continent, Africa CDC is proposing the following measures to be taken by all Member States:
Remain vigilant
Countries should adapt or adopt best practices, strategies, guidel
...
ines and recommendations proposed by the Africa CDC and World Health Organization (WHO), aimed at limiting transmission. Measures taken should strike a balance between saving lives and minimizing the impact of the pandemic on the economy and social wellbeing of citizens.
more
Prevention and Control of Covid-19 Transmission: Isolation and follow-up of suspected and/or confirmed cases and close contact tracing strategy
Face-to-Face Education and COVID-19 Transmission - Review findings
Esta revisión de la evidencia actual, compilada por UNICEF y UNESCO, muestra que la escolarización presencial no parece ser el principal impulsor de los picos de infección, los n
...
iños y niñas en la escuela, cuando existen medidas de mitigación, no parecen estar expuestos a mayores riesgos de infección en comparación con cuando no están en la escuela, el personal escolar tampoco parece tener un riesgo relativo más alto en comparación con la población en general.
more
Comment prévenir la téniase et la cysticercose ? une infection parasitaire négligée causée par Taenia solium
Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et L’agriculture
Organisation mondiale de la Santé
(2021)
C_WHO
Vue d’ensemble:
Le cycle de transmission
Téniase. Les ténias vivent dans l’intestin des êtres humains. Les œufs du ténia sont libérés avec les matières fécales. En cas de défécation à l’air libre, l'environnement (en particulier
...
les légumes et l'eau) peut être contaminé. Cysticercose humaine. L'ingestion d'œufs de ténia (due à une mauvaise hygiène après l'utilisation des toilettes ou à la consommation d'eau ou d'aliments contaminés), entraîne le développement de kystes parasitaires principalement dans le cerveau (provoquant notamment des crises d’épilepsie). Cysticercose porcine. Les porcs mangeant des œufs de ténia (présents dans les matières fécales ou l'environnement) développent des kystes parasitaires principalement dans les muscles (viande). La viande infectée contient des kystes parasitaires qui ne sont pas toujours faciles à voir. La consommation de viande de porc infectée, crue ou mal cuite, entraîne le développement du ténia.
Les mesures de prévention et de contrôle
Les médicaments prescrits dans les centres de santé peuvent traiter l'infection par le ténia. Lavez vos mains avec de l'eau et du savon après avoir utilisé les toilettes. Rincez soigneusement les légumes ou faites-les cuire avant de les manger. Utilisez les toilettes ou les latrines pour éviter la contamination de l'environnement, des porcs et des autres personnes. Garder les porcs dans des enclos pour les empêcher d’être infectés. Vaccinez et traitez les porcs pour prévenir l'infection. L'inspection des viandes permet d'identifier les porcs fortement infectés. Faites bien cuire la viande de porc (elle ne doit plus être rose) pour tuer le parasite.
more
Terminology used to describe the transmission of pathogens through the air varies across scientific disciplines, organizations and the general public. While this has been the case for decades, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the
...
terms ‘airborne’, ‘airborne transmission’ and ‘aerosol transmission’ were used in different ways by stakeholders in different scientific disciplines, which may have contributed to misleading information and confusion about how pathogens are transmitted in human populations.
This global technical consultation report brings together viewpoints from experts spanning a range of disciplines with the key objective of seeking consensus regarding the terminology used to describe the transmission of pathogens through the air that can potentially cause infection in humans.
This consultation aimed to identify terminology that could be understood and accepted by different technical disciplines. The agreed process was to develop a consensus document that could be endorsed by global agencies and entities. Despite the complex discussions and challenges, significant progress was made during the consultation process, particularly the consensus on a set of descriptors to describe how pathogens are transmitted through the air and the related modes of transmission. WHO recognizes the important areas where consensus was not achieved and will continue to address these areas in follow-up consultations.
more
Due to the heterogeneous distribution of malaria transmission and its determinants, subnational tailoring (SNT) provides an analytical framework to facilitate the targeting of each population with appropriate intervention packages for maximum impact
...
to inform national strategic planning and prioritization based on resources available. The WHO Global Malaria Programme recommends the use of subnational data on disease epidemiology and other relevant local contextual factors to facilitate the process of SNT. Once the strategies and intervention mixes have been defined, programmes can proceed to the prioritization of
interventions for effective programming, based on available resources
more
Learn together. Managing transmission of viral haemmoraghic fever. Only available online!
This book is part of the Bettercare series which addresses the need for continuing education for health professionals. The book is produced under the auspice
...
s of the Infection Control Africa Network (ICAN), to assist with training of healthcare workers during the Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014-2015. However, the infection control principles discussed in the book are applicable to the management of other viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks. The book should be used by healthcare workers, institutions and Ministries of Health dealing with the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The book should also be of value to institutions wanting to increase their level of Ebola-preparedness.
more
Health and Socio-Economic Impacts of Physical Distancing for Covid-19 in Africa. Policy Brief
Barasa, E.; et al.
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and African Academy of Sciences
(2020)
CC
Physical distancing measures are important to reduce COVID-19 transmission. However, when stringently applied, they can result in negative health and socio-economic impacts. This report draws on a rapid review of available literature, case studies f
...
rom across Africa and expert knowledge to make recommendations on adapting classic physical distancing measures to the contextual realities in Africa and on mitigating potential negative impacts.
more
This 3 minutes and 24 second animation describes Dengue transmission, infection and the different symptoms associated with this disease. Also, the animation gives additional information about the habits of this mosquito. This video illustrates sever
...
al important preventative measures, both inside the house and the environmental sanitation around the house, to avoid being bitten by the mosquitoes. Let's all work together to stop the spread of dengue!
more
Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia on Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Child
Hand Hygiene and COVID-19
recommended
MEDBOX Issue Brief No.2.
The main route of transmission of the Sars-CoV-2 virus are small respiratory droplets. Therefore, thoroughly cleaning of hands with either alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water is one of the corner stones of basic protec
...
tive measures against COVID-19 for everyone. A particular focus of this Issue Brief are documents for the health care sector, but also multilingual material for the public.
more
• PrEP is highly effective in preventing the sexual transmission of HIV.
• For PrEP to work well, it’s important to take the pills regularly.
• While PrEP can prevent HIV, it does not protect against other sexually transmitted infections.
Regional monitoring strategy
Alonso González, Mónica
Pan American Health Organization (Regional Office of the World Health Organization); Unicef, et al.
(2010)
C_WHO
Regional Initiative for the Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Congenital Syphilis in Latin America and the Caribbean
Ce document d'orientation explique comment la distance physique (appelée "distance sociale" dans les documents d'orientation précédents) peut contribuer à ralentir la transmission.
To help increase continental testing efforts and reduce COVID-19 transmission in Africa, Africa CDC has launched the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing (PACT): Test, Trace, Treat. PACT will mobilize experts, community workers, supplies and
...
other resources to TEST, TRACE and TREAT COVID-19 cases in a timely manner to minimize the impact of the pandemic on the Africa continent.
The material is available in English, French and Portuguese
more
To help increase continental testing efforts and reduce COVID-19 transmission in Africa, Africa CDC has launched the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing (PACT): Test, Trace, Treat. PACT will mobilize experts, community workers, supplies and o
...
ther resources to TEST, TRACE and TREAT COVID-19 cases in a timely manner to minimize the impact of the pandemic on the Africa continent.
Available in English and French
more
Health and Socio-Economic Impacts of Physical Distancing for Covid-19 in Africa
Barasa, E.; et al.
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and African Academy of Sciences
(2020)
CC
Physical distancing measures are important to reduce COVID-19 transmission. However, when stringently applied, they can result in negative health and socio-economic impacts. This report draws on a rapid review of available literature, case studies f
...
rom across Africa and expert knowledge to make recommendations on adapting classic physical distancing measures to the contextual realities in Africa and on mitigating potential negative impacts.
more
Workplaces outside of healthcare facilities can be also settings for transmission of COVID-19. Outbreaks of COVID-19 has been reported in various types of workplaces and job categories.
All workers should be protected from acquiring COVID-19 be
...
cause of their work. The prevention of COVID-19 in work settings should be combined with measures for protecting physical and mental health, safety and wellbeing of workers from other occupational hazards in the operation, closures and reopening of workplaces.
This joint WHO/ILO policy brief provides a summary of the evidence for transmission of COVID-19 in general workplaces and an overview of WHO and ILO recommendations for prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 and for protecting health and safety at work in the context of the pandemic.
more
Definition and categorization of the time of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Scientific report 8 February 2021
Due to the particular Amazonian situation of vectorial transmission based mostly on the wild cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi with diversity of triatomine vectors involved in effective transmission, and t
...
he variety of eco-epidemiological situations that facilitate such transmission, the countries of the Amazon agreed that the development and strengthening of preventive actions based on comprehensive surveillance and detection of effective vectorial transmission, based on mandatory notification of acute or chronic cases, was required. In addition, it was recommended that surveillance and prevention and/or vector control actioDue to the particular Amazonian situation of vectorial transmission based mostly on the wild cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi with diversity of triatomine vectors involved in effective transmission, and the variety of eco-epidemiological situations that facilitate such transmission, the countries of the Amazon agreed that the development and strengthening of preventive actions based on comprehensive surveillance and detection of effective vectorial transmission, based on mandatory notification of acute or chronic cases, was required.
more
Leishmaniasis is a complex vector-borne disease involving in its transmission several species of protozoan parasites called Leishmania, a wide variety of animal reservoirs and phlebotomine sandflies vectors. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most
...
common form of the disease, and its clinical manifestations vary from few papules to multiple ulcers affecting the skin but also the mucous membranes, leaving permanent scars and serious disability. It is a disfiguring and stigmatizing disease that often has a devastating psychosocial and economic impact on the affected resources limited communities.
more
Guidance on temporary malaria control measures in Ebola-affected countries
World Health Organization
(2014)
Malaria is a prevalent cause of febrile illnesses in areas with high transmission, and its clinical presentation overlaps with initial signs of Ebola disease. For this reason, the effectiveness of the Ebola response in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leo
...
ne can be optimized through the deployment of targeted measures to reduce the number of fever cases due to malaria
WHO recommends specific adaptations in the diagnosis of malaria and in LLIN distribution in countries heavily affected by the Ebola outbreak and mass drug administration using artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) in areas where transmission of both Ebola and malaria is high and access to malaria treatment is very low.
more
La Polychimiothérapie (PCT) guérit la lèpre, interrompt la transmission et prévient les infirmités. La PCT est disponible gratuitement dans tous les centres de santé.
This document provides interim guidance for effective risk communication around Zika virus transmission and potential complications. A causal relationship between Zika virus infection and these potential complications has not yet been proven. In thi
...
s uncertainty, effective communication strategies should be implemented to enable people to take the best informed decisions about protecting themselves, their families and communities. This interim guidance is intended to be used by risk and health communication managers, staff and volunteers at global, regional or country level; communications professionals; anthropologists; sociologists; healthcare providers;hospital administrators; community leaders; programme managers;
and policymakers.
more
Indonesia's National Action Plan for Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission 2013-2017
WHO’s standard recommendations for the general public to reduce exposure to and transmission of a range of illnesses are as follows, which include hand and respiratory hygiene, and safe food practices. You can download a range of posters directly
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at the website
more
Introduction to HIV, AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance - Surveillance of Most-At-Risk Populations (MARPS)
United States Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC); Global AIDS Program (GAP); et al.
United States Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC); Global AIDS Program (GAP); et al.
(2012)
C2
Participant Manual September 2012
Surveillance of Populations at High Risk for HIV Transmission
This document outlines minimum requirements of laboratory testing for COVID-19 and link laboratory testing with surveillance and contact tracing to guide the outbreak response by national health authorities using a reduced number of tests performed. The strategies are organized according to stages o
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f transmission: (1) No cases reported or observed (Stage 0); (2) Imported cases (Stage 1); (3) Localized community transmission (Stage 2); (4) Large-scale community transmission (Stage 3). For each stage, the recommended approaches indicate which testing strategy to prioritize when there are severe limitations on laboratory testing. The document is based on the current epidemiology of COVID-19 and available molecular testing methods.
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Recommendations to Member States to improve hand hygiene practices to help prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 virus: interim guidance.
WHO recommends member states provide universal access to public hand hygiene stations and making their us
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e obligatory on entering and leaving any public or private commercial building and any public transport facility. It is also recommended that healthcare facilities improve access to and practice of hand hygiene.
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This checklist helps to identify the necessary measures to be implemented to mitigate infection transmission among travellers and ground-crossing staff in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It features key questions and considerations for gauging
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the capacity of responding to COVID-19 transmission risks and informing on reducing them at and around ground crossings. It does so in the form of a structured questionnaire. The guidance will have particular relevance for National International Health Regulations Focal Points and competent authorities at the point of entry, including relevant representatives of ground crossing authority/ies of the country such as public health authorities, and representatives from other sectors, including law enforcement, customs and migration.
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The goal of the global outbreak response for monkeypox is to stop human-to-human transmission of monkeypox, with a priority focus on communities at high risk of exposure which may differ according to context, and to effectively use strong public hea
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lth measures to prevent onward spread of the disease. Judicious use of vaccines can support this response. This interim guidance, developed with the advice and support of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group on smallpox and monkeypox vaccines, provides the first WHO recommendations on vaccines and immunization for monkeypox. Key points follow.
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Chagas disease is currently endemic and also predicted to be at increased transmission risk under future climate change scenarios. Similarly, an expansion of areas in the United States at increased risk for Chagas disease
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transmission is also expected over the next several decades under climate change scenarios. Of particular interest is the predicted northern shift of triatomine species to central regions of the United States with historically unsuitable climates for T. cruzi vectors. The weight of evidence regarding the influences climate change may pose on T. cruzi vector species distributions demonstrates the sensitivity of Chagas disease transmission to future climate variability. In order to advance forecasts for the impact climate change may have on Chagas disease transmission in the Americas, it is imperative to
further develop, utilize, and perhaps combine predictive species distribution modeling approaches that integrate accurate, long term data on climate variables, vector species distributions, Chagas disease incidence, as well as other socio-ecological variables.
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All health and care workers require the knowledge and skills to prevent the transmission of Ebola virus or Marburg virus when providing care for patients. This course provides an overview of the mode of tr
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ansmission of these viruses, the personal protective equipment required by health and care workers and measures to take for rapid identification and isolation as well as managing the environment.
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The Story of Cholera
recommended
The Story of Cholera was produced in collaboration with award-winning animator Yoni Goodman.
This animation covers cholera transmission, prevention, signs, and care in a simple and accessible way. The film follows evidence-based guidelines, has bee
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n field-tested, and reviewed for accuracy and content. Download flashcards and mobil phone versions from the website
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The goal of this addendum is to help management and staff
minimize the risk of TB transmission at facilities in resource limited settings in which a.) HIV-infected persons receive diagnosis, care, treatment,
and/or support, and b.) there is a
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high prevalence of HIV infection, both known
and undiagnosed, in settings such as prisons, jails, other
detention centers, and drug rehabilitation centers.
more
Guidelines for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Health Care Facilities in Resource-limited Settings
These guidelines are designed for settings with limited resources to provide inexpensive and effective control strategies for prevention of TB transmission in health care workers (HCW).
The duration of breastfeeding and support from health services to improve feeding practices among mothers living with HIV
This operational guidance, developed by WHO, UNICEF and ENN, outlines the duration of breastfeeding and support from health services to improve infant feeding practices amon ... g mothers living with HIV. It is intended to be used to complement emergency and sectoral guidelines on health, nutrition and HIV, including specifically infant feeding, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and paediatric antiretroviral treatment. more
This operational guidance, developed by WHO, UNICEF and ENN, outlines the duration of breastfeeding and support from health services to improve infant feeding practices amon ... g mothers living with HIV. It is intended to be used to complement emergency and sectoral guidelines on health, nutrition and HIV, including specifically infant feeding, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and paediatric antiretroviral treatment. more
