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Tuberculosis Results Profile Ethiopia 2019

The Global Fund (2019) CC
Tuberculosis cases, TB deaths
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Laboratory testing for the monkeypox virus
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
Any individual that meets the suspected case definition of monkeypox should be offered testing in appropriately equipped laboratories by staff trained in the relevant technical and safety procedures. Confirmation of monkeypox virus infection is base ... more
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Monkeypox multi-country outbreak. Rapid Risk Assessment

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2022) C2
Cases of monkeypox (MPX) acquired in the EU have recently been reported in nine EU Member States (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands). Monkeypox (MPX) does not spread easily between people. Human- ... more
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Rehabilitation considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak

Pan American Health Organization PAHO, World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with rehabilitation needs related to the consequences of ventilatory support, and prolonged immobilization and bed rest. These may include: − Impaired lung function; − Physical deconditioning and muscle we ... more
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Philippines Situation Report 4 - Dengue Outbreak (13 Aug 2019)

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
167,607 dengue cases, including 720 deaths, reported from 1 January to 27 July 2019: 97% higher than in 2018, in spite of a delayed rainy season. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 0.43% as of 27 July 2019 is lower than in the same time period in 2018 ( ... more
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Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK
recommended

H. Adler, Gould, S.; Hine, P.; et al. The Lancet (2022) CC
Cases of human monkeypox are rarely seen outside of west and central Africa. There are few data regarding viral kinetics or the duration of viral shedding and no licensed treatments. Two oral drugs, brincidofovir and tecovirimat, have been approved ... more
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Containment strategies: lessons from early COVID-19 responses in five African countries

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa; AHOP WHO Regional Office for Africa (2021) C_WHO
The number of COVID-19 cases is on the rise again, with South Africa nearing half of all confirmed cases in the WHO African Region. Threats of new variants loom and low vaccination coverage raises q ... more
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Cholera outbreak in Haiti - Latest Updates

Pan American Health Organization PAHO ; World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
After more than 3 years with no cases of cholera reported in Haiti, on 2 October 2022, the national authorities reported two confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the greater Port-au-Prince are ... more
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Yemen Cholera Outbreak Situation Report #1

UN Children's Fund (2016) C1
On October 6, 11 cases of Cholera were confirmed positive in one neighbourhood of the capital Sana’a. No confirmed cases have been reported in other locations in Yemen. UNICEF, together with WHO a ... more
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Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV)

NSW Government, Ministry of Health (2020) C1
Identification and initial management of cases. Clinical guidance
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Laboratory readiness and response for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in expert laboratories in 30 EU/EEA countries

Reusken C. B. E. M., E. K. Broberg, B. Haagmans et al. Eurosurveillance (2020) C2
Timely detection of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection cases is crucial to interrupt the spread of this virus. We assessed the required expertise and capacity for molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in specialised laboratories in 30 European Union ... more
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Generic protocol for a population-based, age- and gender- stratified sero-survey study for SARS-CoV-2

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C1
The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases detected and reported in each country is influenced by many factors including limited access and/or utilization of healthcare and COVID-19 testing, limited surveillance, lack of knowledge amongst the populati ... more
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Strategic Response Plan for the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in the Provinces of North Kivu and Iture (February - July 2019)

Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Health Organization (2019) C_WHO
Since the beginning of December a significant increase in the incidence of new cases has been observed particularly along the corridor towards the large urban center of Butembo (health zones of Butembo and Katwa) and beyond in the zone of Kayna heal ... more
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Management of ill travellers at Points of Entry – international airports,seaports and ground crossings – in the context of COVID -19 outbreak
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
This document aims to provide advice on the detection and management of ill travellers suspected of COVID-19 infection, at international airports, ports and ground crossings. It includes the following measures; 1)Detection of ill travellers; 2) Inte ... more
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Rapid guidance on the decommissioning of Ebola care facilities
recommended

World Health Organization (2015) C_WHO
In light of the decline in new Ebola cases, strategies are now needed to scale down the activities and bed capacities in Ebola care facilities. These facilities include Ebola treatment units, community care centres, Ebola treatment centres and isola ... more
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Standard operating procedurs for preparedness, Detection and Response to a Coronavirus (2019-nCOV) Outbreak in South Africa

health Department: Health Republic of South Africa; National Department of Health Directorate: Communicable Diseases (2020) C2
30 January 2020 This document outlines the standard operating procedures for detection and response to case/s of suspected novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in South Africa. The content of this document should inform provincial preparedness p ... more
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COVID-19: Training slides based on guidelines for case-finding, diagnosis, management and public health response in South Africa

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response National Department of Health, South Africa (2020) C2
Outline • Welcome and objectives • Microbiology, epidemiology and clinical presentation • Surveillance for imported cases including case definitions • Laboratory diagnosis • Infection prevention and hospital readiness • Patient ... more
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Clinical Course and Outcome of Human Monkeypox in Nigeria

Ogoina, D.; Iroezindu, M.; Izibewule, J.H. et al. (2020) CC
In a retrospective review of hospital records of 40 human monkeypox cases from Nigeria, the majority developed fever and self-limiting vesiculopustular skin eruptions. Five deaths were reported. Compared to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–nega ... more
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Research Terms of Reference: Cholera Surveillance at Health Facilities in Northeast Syria, SYR2214 (Nov 2022, Version 1)
recommended

REACH: Informing more effective humanitarian action (2022) CC
Since late August 2022, cases of severe acute watery diarrhoea have been increasingly reported across Syria, concentrated particularly along the Euphrates river. These were later confirmed to be cholera c ... more
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Zika virus disease. Interim Case Definitions

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO
These interim case definitions have been developed for the purpose of providing global standardization for classification and reporting of Zika virus cases. WHO guidance for the surveillance of Zika virus disease is currently being developed. WHO w ... more
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Guidance on Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Pandemic
recommended

African Union (2020) C1
Contact tracing may help limit COVID-19 transmission when the first cases are identified within a country but can be very resource intensive. It is likely not to be feasible when community transmission is occurring and ... more
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Action Protocol for Enhanced SARI and ILI Surveillance for COVID-19 in Africa

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C2
March 2020 The number of African Union Member States reporting COVID- 19 cases is increasing and there is a likelihood of community transmission. The WHO recently modified the COVID-19 suspect case definition to include severe acute respiratory in ... more
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Infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance summary
recommended

World Health Organization (2014)
The summary of the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is for anyone providing direct and non-direct care to patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola virus disease (EVD) in health-care facilities (HCFs). Essential IPC measures are also ... more
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Framework Ebola Virus Disease

Robert-Koch-Institut (2015) CC2
The document is intended to facilitate the detection, evaluation and management of incident EVD cases in Germany. It primarily addresses public health service staff and health care workers in hospitals, outpatient clinics and emergency services in G ... more
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SAARC Regional Strategy for Control/Elimination of Tuberculosis 2013-2017

SAARC Tuberculosis and HIVAIDS Centre Nepal (2015) C1
The SAARC Member States have more than an estimated 2.0 million TB cases accounting for close to one-third of the total cases of TB in the world. India alone had almost one-fifth of the global disea ... more
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Tropical Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, Mozambique National Situation Report 4, 31 May

Government of Mozambique, World Health Organization (2019) C_WHO
CYCLONE IDAI 1.85M People affected; 400K Displaced; 603 Deaths; 1641 Injured; 1.2M People in need; 6766 Cholera cases; 43556 Malaria case CYCLONE KENNETH 3214 Displaced; 45 Deaths; 91 Injured; 374K People in need; 225 Cholera ... more
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Guidance on Home Quarantine & Isolation in Overcrowded Settings

UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR (2020) C1
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on how quarantine and isolation can be achieved if there is a suspected or confirmed case in an overcrowded setting. It will focus on informal settlements and collective shelters, but the guidance ... more
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Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India (2020) C2
On 31st December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology (unknown cause) detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. On 7th January 2020, Chinese authorities identifi ... more
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Holistic response strategies for COVID-19

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
This document outlines minimum requirements of laboratory testing for COVID-19 and link laboratory testing with surveillance and contact tracing to guide the outbreak response by national health authorities using a reduced number of tests performed. The strategies are organized according to stages o ... more
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Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for monkeypox: interim guidance 24 June 2022
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
The overall goal of surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing in this context is to stop human-to-human transmission to control the outbreak. The key objectives of surveillance and case investigation are to rapidly identify cases and clus ... more
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Guidance for laboratories shipping specimens to WHO reference laboratories that provide confirmatory testing for COVID-19 virus

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Interim Guidance 31 march 2020 WHO has established a shipment mechanism to expedite and cover the costs of the shipment of clinical samples from patients with suspected COVID-19 from the country of collection to one of the WHO reference laboratorie ... more
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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents with COVID-19
recommended

World Health Organisation (2020) C_WHO
As of 15 May 2020, more than 4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including more than 285,000 deaths have been reported to WHO. The risk of severe disease and death has been highest in older people and in persons with underlying noncommunicable di ... more
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Interim guidance for healthcare providers and Zika virus laboratory diagnosis
recommended

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1
This document aims to present an algorithm for deciding whom to test and provide guidance on the laboratory tests for Zika virus infection diagnosis in order to support clinical diagnostic and case reporting through surveillance among EU Member States. The algorithm is not intended for clinical man ... more
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Training of community health workers: Cervical cancer screening and management of cervical pre-cancers

Lakhbir Dhaliwal, Vanita Suri, Reshmi Bagga et al. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and causes a significant number of deaths in the South-East Asia Region. Nearly 200 000 new cases of cervical cancer occurred in SEA Region Member States in 200 ... more
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Extension of the national emergency action plan for polio eradication 2018/2019 (Pakistan)

End Polio Pakistan (2019) C1
Despite Pakistan's progress in reducing the number of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases to 8 in 2017 and 12 in 2018, 2019 has seen a significant rise in the number of WPV1 cases (41 ... more
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Quick Reference for Health Workers Case

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, South Africa National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) (2020) C2
On the 31st December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) China country office reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China now known to be caused by a novel virus. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ... more
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WHO Regional Office for Europe advice on the use of experimental medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 patients

World Health Organization (Europe) (2020) C_WHO
9 April 2020 WHO has published the guidance “Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected” This document is intended for clinicians taking care of hospitalized adult and paediatric patients ... more
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Child Protection Case Management Guidance During Covid-19

Unicef; Save the Children (2020) C_UNICEF
This guidance note aims to ensure continuity of case management service provision as well as appropriate response to cases associated with the disease during the COVID-19 crisis in Myanmar. Outlined below are priority areas that Child Protection Cas ... more
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UNHCR Public Health Section: Surveillance for COVID-19

UNHCR; reliefweb (2020) C2
Effective response to an outbreak of COVID-19 requires detection in the very earliest stages of the outbreak when the number of cases is small, and the geographical extent of spread is limited. In order to achieve this, a sensitive surveillance syst ... more
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Monkeypox: Public health advice for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men

WHO (2022) C_WHO
An outbreak of a disease called monkeypox is currently taking place in many countries that do not typically have cases. This can beconcerning, especially for people whose loved ones or community have been affected. Some ... more
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Monkeypox outbreaks outside endemic regions: scientific and social priorities
recommended

A. Zumla; Valdoleiros, S. R.; Haider, N.; et al. The Lancet (2022) CC
As the world recovers from the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic and reflects on lessons learnt from failure of global public health systems to contain the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, new infectious disease threats, caused by movement of people globally, remain omnipresent, and repeated calls for mo ... more
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Organizing trichiasis surgical outreach

International Coalition for Trachoma Control ICTC (2015) CC
A key component of elimination is to reduce the number of unmanaged trachomatous trichiasis cases to less than 1 per 1,000 population in affected areas. This will require not only a large increase in the number of surgeries performed, but also i ... more
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Infection Control for Viral Haemorraghic Fever in the African Health Care Setting

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , World Health Organization WHO (1998)
Important Guideline for Ebola prevention and control It is designed for the following uses: - for prevention through preparedness--to help African health facilities make advance preparations for responding with appropriate precautions when a VHF (including Ebola) case is ... more
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Ebola virus disease preparedness strengthening team Senegal country visit 17–21 November 2014

World Health Organization (2015) C_WHO
The immediate objective of the country visit to Senegal was to build upon the public health preparedness already in place and to ensure that systems are available to investigate and report potential EVD cases and to mount an effective response to pr ... more
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Haiti: Hurricane Matthew - Situation Report No. 22 (16 November 2016)

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2016) C1
Main Points The delivery of humanitarian assistance is expected to slow down significantly over the next seven to ten days in anticipation of the electoral process and limited availability of transport and security assets. The percentage of extremely food-insecure people who have recei ... more
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Interim Guidelines on Management of COVID-19 in Kenya - COVID-19, Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Case Management

Dr. P. Amoth; Dr. S. K. Kibias Ministry of Health; University of Nairobi (2020) C2
Accessed: 02.05.2020 These consolidated guidelines provide recommendations for comprehensive prevention and case management strategies in Kenya Scope of the Guidelines: Infection prevention and control Patient triage Emergency Medical Services Case management Laboratory testing algorithm Target ... more
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Multi-country outbreak of cholera, External situation report #4 - 6 July 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
Since the last situation report on the multi-country outbreak of cholera was published on 1 June 2023 (covering data reported until 15 of May), no new country reported a cholera outbreak. In total, 24 countries have reported cases since the beginnin ... more
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WHO Regional strategic plan for EVD operational readiness and preparedness in countries neighboring the Democratic Republic of the Congo June 2018 – February 2019
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
The Strategic plan aims to ensure alignment of preparedness and readiness actions in the nine countries focusing on eight technical areas: strengthening multisectoral coordination; surveillance for early detection; laboratory diagnostic capacity; points of entry; rapid response teams; risk communica ... more
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Epidemiological Update - Diphtheria 3 July 2019

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2019) C_WHO
Diphtheria in the Americas -Summary of the situation. In 2018, three countries in the Region of the Americas (Colombia, Haiti, and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) reported confirmed cases of diphtheria. In 2019, Haiti and Venezuela reported c ... more
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Target product profile for a rapid test for diagnosis of Buruli ulcer at the primary health-care level

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
In 2009, WHO’s Second International Conference on Buruli Ulcer Control and Research resolved to strengthen the capacity of national laboratories to confirm cases of the disease, but advised that “efforts are still needed to develop simple diagno ... more
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Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
27 May 2021 All countries should increase their level of preparedness, alert and response to identify, manage and care for new cases of COVID-19. Countries should prepare to respond to different public health scenarios, recognizing that there is no ... more
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Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment Plus (ETAT+) - National Training Manual

Reproductive and Child Health Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone (2017) CC
The purpose of this reference manual to support learning of ETAT + principles and to complement your clinical training and practice. The manual is for use before, during, and after an ETAT + course. This manual contains the necessary information to help you to: • Triage all sick children when th ... more
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Syria AWD/Cholera Response Plan September 2022 (as of 29 September 2022)

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
On September 10, 2022, the Ministry of Health (MOH) announced a cholera outbreak in Aleppo governorate with 15 laboratory confirmed cases reported between August 25 and September 9, 2022. Activities under this plan seek to address the immediate need ... more
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Epidemiological Update: Dengue. 7 February 2020

World Health Organization WHO Pan American Health Organization PAHO PAHO (2020) CC
Epidemiological Update Dengue 7 February 2020 Situation summary In the Region of the Americas, between epidemiological week (EW) 1 and EW 521 of 2019, a total of 3,139,335 cases of dengue have been reported (321.58 ... more
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Obstetric Fistula Strategic Plan 2022 - 2026

Government of Zambia World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office Africa (2023) C_WHO
Globally, over two million women live with obstetric fistula with the majority of the cases being from Africa. In low-resource settings such as Zambia, obstetric fistula (OF) is a visible indicator of gaps in maternal health care resulting in fa ... more
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Cholera in the WHO African Region: Weekly Regional Cholera Bulletin: 17 July 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The cholera outbreak has affected 14 countries in the WHO African Region. The climate-induced natural disasters such as cyclone and flooding in the southern African region and drought in the Horn of Africa led to increase in cases of cholera in many ... more
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Guidance on temporary malaria control measures in Ebola-affected countries

World Health Organization (2014)
Malaria is a prevalent cause of febrile illnesses in areas with high transmission, and its clinical presentation overlaps with initial signs of Ebola disease. For this reason, the effectiveness of the Ebola response in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone can be optimized through the deployment of targe ... more
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Role of primary care in the COVID-19 response

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Primary care can play a significant role in the COVID-19 response by differentiating patients with respiratory symptoms from those with COVID-19, making an early diagnosis, helping vulnerable people cope with their anxiety about the virus, and reducing the demand for hospital services. This document ... more
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First meeting of the network on Buruli ulcer PCR laboratories in the WHO African Region Centre Pasteur du Cameroon, Yaoundé, 21–24 October 2019

World Health Organization WHO (2020) CC
Research to develop point-of-care tests is in progress. Treatment of Buruli ulcer comprises 8 weeks of combined antibiotics (rifampicin and clarithromycin). Complementary therapies such as wound care, skin graft and prevention of disability are needed in some ... more
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Ebola Outbreak Taking Action From Response To Recovery

World Health Organization (2015)
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa is not over. WHO continues to work with governments and the international health community to get to zero cases and help countries stay there.
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Zika virus (ZIKV) Surveillance in the Americas: Laboratory detection and diagnosis
recommended

Pan American Health Organization PAHO; World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas (2016) C_WHO
This algorithm is addressed to laboratories with established capacity(molecular, antigenic and/orserological) to detect dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya(CHIKV) as part of the differential diagnosis for arborviruses. A BSL2 containment level is required to handle ... more
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Comfort for Kids in the Time of Ebola : Mental Health Liberia

World Bank (2018) C1
The 2014-2015 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Liberia resulted in over 10,000 cases and 5,000 deaths. Recognizing the importance of addressing children’s trauma, the Ebola recovery and restoration trust fund (EERTF) funded the implementat ... more
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Measles Outbreak in the Pacific - Situation Report No 4, December 3, 2019

World Health Organization, UN Children's Fund (2019)
To date, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji and American Samoa have reported measles cases. The outbreaks in Samoa and Tonga are caused by the D8 strain (genotype) of measles virus. Measles vaccine coverage varies in Pacific island countries and areas, ranging from ... more
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Breastfeeding and COVID-19. FAQ

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Mothers and healthcare workers who support them have many questions and concerns about whether it is safe for mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 to be close to and breastfeed their babies during the pandemic. To address their questions, W ... more
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Technical Guidance on contact tracing for COVID-19 in the World Health Organization (WHO) African region

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
This document offers guidance to Member States in the African region on the key steps used to conduct contact tracing related to the COVID-19 response. It is to be used by national and local health authorities in the implementation of tracing of contacts of probable and confirmed COVID-19 ... more
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Standard operating procedures (SOP) for the management of tuberculosis in children

National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program (NTLD-Program), Kenya Ministry of Health, Kenya (2017) C1
2nd edition. Children with TB comprise about 10-12% of the total TB cases diagnosed in the country. This burden is likely to be higher given the challenges in diagnosing TB in children. The symptoms of TB in children mimic those of other childhood d ... more
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Enhanced COVID-19 Surveillance at the Community Level in Africa

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC
The strategy recommends that AU Member States should enhance, where feasible, existing COVID-19 surveillance to include: Community-based surveillance to detect symptomatic cases early for treatment and to avert viral transmission; Sentin ... more
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Lista de medicamentos esenciales para el manejo de pacientes que ingresan a unidades de cuidados intensivos con sospecha o diagnóstico confirmado de COVID 19. Tercera versión, 1 de febrero del 2022
recommended

Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS OPS (2022) C_WHO
List of essential medicines for the management of patients admitted in intensive care units with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID 19. Third version, 1 February 2022
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Buruli Ulcer – Recognize – A guide for field health workers

World Health Organization WHO (2011) C_WHO
The purpose of this document is to contribute to improved recognition of Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection) and encourage greater efforts in detecting cases at an early stage of infection.Today, patients can be cured with antibiotics ... more
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Ebola virus disease preparedness strengthening team Cameroon Country Visit 10 to 14 November

World Health Organization (2014)
The immediate objective of the country visit to Cameroon was to ensure that the country is as operationally ready as possible to effectively and safely detect, investigate and report potential Ebola virus disease cases and to mount an effective res ... more
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Ebola virus disease preparedness strengthening team Ghana country visit 10–15 Novmeber 2014

World Health Organization (2014)
The preparedness strengthening team deployed to Ghana focused on specific objectives in order to assist the country in becoming as operationally prepared as possible to detect, investigate and report potential EVD cases effectively and safely and t ... more
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Meningitis Outbreak Response in Sub-Saharan Africa

Christina Brandes-Barbier, Véronique Millot, Tomas Allen et al World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO
WHO Guideline. Since 2010, countries in the meningitis belt have started to introduce a new serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine conferring individual protection and herd immunity. Following the successful roll-out of this vaccine, epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) are ... more
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Integrating Clinical Research into Epidemic Response: The Ebola Experience

Gerald Keusch, Keith McAdam, Patricia Cuff, Michelle Mancher, and Emily R. Busta National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) C1
The 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic in western Africa was the longest and most deadly Ebola epidemic in history, resulting in 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The Ebola virus has been known since 1976, when two separat ... more
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Diphtheria - Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance Standards

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium species, mostly by toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae and rarely by toxin-producing strains of C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. The most common type of diphtheria is classic respiratory diphtheria, whereby the exotoxin produced characteristicall ... more
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Epidemiological Update - Dengue - 9 August 2019

World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization (2019) C_WHO
In the Region of the Americas, between epidemiological week (EW) 1 and EW 52 of 2018, a total of 560,586 cases of dengue were reported (incidence rate of 57.3 cases per 100,000 population), includin ... more
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Emergency Appeal - Kenya April - September 2020

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; Humanitarian Response et al. (2020) C2
Kenya reported its first case of COVID-19 on 12 March 2020 and, as at 7 April 2020, 172 cases had been confirmed and 6 deaths reported. The Government of Kenya has taken a number of measures to curb the spread of the virus, including implementing a ... more
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Flash Appeal for COVID-19 Mozambique, May - December 2020

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2020) CC
The first case of COVID-19 was reported in Mozambique on 22 March 2020. As of 26 May, Mozambique had 194 confirmed cases of COVID-19, of which 168 were locally transmitted. The country’s capital, Maputo, and the province of Cabo Delgado are curren ... more
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Communicable Diseases: Part 4 Other Diseases of Public Health Importance and Surveillance.

HEAT, UNICEF, Open University, AMREF Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2015) C1
Blended Learning Modulef or the Health Extension Programme In this study session, you will learn about the general features of faeco-oraldiseases: the main types commonly found in Ethiopia, their general symptomsand signs, how to treat mild cases a ... more
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Guidelines for Case-Finding, Diagnosis, and Public Health Response in South Africa

Bham, A.; J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al. National Department of Health South Africa (2020) CC
In the light of the transmissibility of coronaviruses, and the global experience with MERS-CoV (ongoing) and SARS in 2003 which were also caused by coronaviruses, South African authorities have compiled this guideline document to support surveillance, case finding, diagnosis, management and public h ... more
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Target product profile for a point-of-care diagnostic test for dermal leishmaniases - Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and its evolving forms (diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis recidivans), together with the sequela of visceral leishmaniasis (post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis), account for about one million ... more
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Ethiopia - Multi-Sectorial Cholera Elimination Plan 2022 - 2028

Government of Ethiopia (2023) CC
Cholera which disproportionally impacts poor countries and the most vulnerable continues to affect at least 47 countries across the globe, resulting in an estimated 1.3 – 4 million cases, and 21,000 - 143,000 deaths per year worldwide. In Ethiopia ... more
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Diagnostics to support the eradication of yaws—Development of two target product profiles

Fongwen, N.; Handley, B.; Martin, D. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2022) CC
Yaws is targeted for eradication by 2030, using a strategy based on mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin. New diagnostics are needed to aid eradication. Serology is currently the mainstay for yaws diagnosis; however, inaccuracies associated with current serological tests makes it difficu ... more
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Guide to introducing human rabies vaccine into national immunization programmes: Handbook

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Rabies is fatal, vaccine-preventable disease responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths each year. Most cases are transmitted by dogs, and most deaths occur in underserved populations in Africa and Asia. Approximately 40% of deaths occur in ch ... more
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Country Profile on Yellow Fever: Argentina

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
This country profile presents a summary and analysis of Argentina's status with yellow fever. It is part of a series of profiles on this topic, each focusing on a different country in the Region of the Americas. Argentina's geographical location presents a wide territorial extension throughout diffe ... more
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Management of a cholera epidemic - Practical guide for doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, medical auxiliaries, water and sanitation specialists and logisticians
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Médecins Sans Frontières MFS (2023) CC
Cholera is a transmissible diarrhoeal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae. Endemic and/or epidemic in over 40 countries (mainly in Africa and Asia), cholera continues to be a major global public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of ... more
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World Malaria Report 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
TNew data from the World Health Organization reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted malaria services, leading to a marked increase in cases and deaths. According to WHO’s latest World malaria report, there were an estimated 241 million m ... more
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Multi-country outbreak of cholera, External situation report #5 - 4 August 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
Since the last situation report on the multi-country outbreak of cholera was published on 6 July 2023 (covering data reported until 15 of June), and as of 15 July 2023, one new outbreak of cholera was reported from India on 15 May 2023. In total, 25 countries have reported ... more
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Policy considerations for implementing a risk-based approach to international travel in the context of COVID-19, 2 July 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
Countries across the world are facing diverse epidemiological situations with varying response capacities and access to life saving tools. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that national authorities continue to apply a risk-based approach when implementing measures related to COVID-19 ... more
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Coronavirus: Healthcare and human rights of people in prison

Penal Reform International (PRI) (2020) C2
Briefing note | 16 March 2020 Do no harm, equality, transparency, humanity: values should guide the criminal justice sector’s response to coronavirus At the time of publishing there were more than 164,000* confirmed cases of COVID- 19, the nov ... more
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West and Central Africa: Humanitarian Bulletin, March 2015

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2015)
USD$ 28 million allocated from UN Central Emergency Fund to assist people affected by Boko Haram’s insurgency. Boko Haram, insecurity exert misery in Cameroon’s Far North Region. Millions of people in Ebola-affected countries risk serious food shortages during the June-August lean ... more
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Prevention of potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. Interim guidance update
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World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO
Updated 6 September 2016. This guidance has been developed to provide advice on the prevention of potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. The primary transmission route of Zika virus is via the Aedes mosquito. However, sexual transmission of Zika virus may also be possible, with limited evidenc ... more
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Frequently Asked Questions

Centre for Respiratory Diesease and Meningitis, South Africa Department: Health Republic of South Africa (2020) C2
1. What is COVID-19? 2. Who is at most risk for COVID-19? 3. What is the risk of COVID-19 infection in humans in South Africa? 4. How is COVID-19 transmitted? 5. What are the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 infection in humans? 6. How is COVID-19 diagnosed? 7. How is COVID-19 infection ... more
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Rwanda Evaluation of TB surveillance system using Standard and Benchmark Checklist

Klinkenberg, E. & Ochola, R. KNCV TUBERCULOSIS FOUNDATION (2013) C2
The National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) of Rwanda (known as TB & ORD Division/IHDPC/RBC) is preparing to write their next National Strategic Plan and for this reason Rwanda was selected as a country to received technical assistance (TA) to conduct an assessment of their surveillance system using t ... more
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Zero by 30: the global strategic plan to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030

World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) C_WHO
An estimated 59 000 people die from rabies each year. That’s one person every nine minutes of every day, 40% of whom are children living in Asia and Africa. As dog bites cause almost all human cases, we can prevent rabies deaths by increasing awar ... more
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Assessment of Malaria Surveillance in Myanmar: Consultancy Report

Malaria Consortium (2013) C1
The primary aim of this assessment is to evaluate current approaches to malaria surveillance in Myanmar and to provide a set of practical and feasible recommendations to further strengthen the surveillance system in the short to medium term. The assessment focuses on the surveillance of malaria ... more
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Use of antibiotics for the treatment and control of cholera
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Global Task Force for Cholera Control (2018) C1
Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium V. cholerae. It has a short incubation period of a few hours to 5 days. It is endemic in some countries, frequently showing seasonal variations in the number of reported ... more
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Investigation and public health management of people with possible Ebola virus disease infection

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2019) C1
This document aims to provide guidance to EU/EEA public health authorities, public health professionals and healthcare practitioners for the management of persons having had contact with cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) after visiting or working i ... more
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Assessment of risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health workers: protocol for a case-control study

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Nested case-control study of health workers exposed to confirmed COVID-19 patients. Similar objectives to the cohort study but case-control studies may be cheaper and provide robust evidence to characterize and assess the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers exposed to COVID-19 p ... more
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COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control: Your Questions Answered
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African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) CC
In the strategies for effective infection prevention and control (IPC), what does triage entail at hospitals? Triage includes screening at the entrance, identification of cases and isolation if necessary. There should be a triage (screening) area w ... more
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Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare settings - sixth update 9 February 2021

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2021) C1
This document aims to provide guidance to healthcare facilities and healthcare providers in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK) on preparedness and infection prevention and control (IPC) measures for the management of possible and confirmed ... more