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Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Training Package

World Health Organisation (WHO), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) C_WHO
Welcome to the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) training package. IPC is a major challenge for health care systems around the world and there is a significant opportunity to reduce avoidable morbidity and mortality through improvements to IPC. ... more
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A short guide to cancer screening. Increase effectiveness, maximize benefits and minimize harm

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2022) C1
The purpose of cancer screening tests is to detect pre-cancer or early-stage cancer in asymptomatic individuals so that timely diagnosis and early treatment can be offered, where this treatment can lead to better outcomes for some people. The aim of a cancer screening programme is either to reduc ... more
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Socioeconomic inequality in vulnerability to all-cause and cause-specific hospitalisation associated with temperature variability: a time-series study in 1814 Brazilian cities

Rongbin Xu, Qi Zhao, M.S.Z.S. Coelho et al. (2020) CC
The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 4, ISSUE 12, e566-e576, December 01, 2020. Exposure to temperature variability has been associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate whether the association between short-term tem ... more
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2nd International Conference on Re-emerging Infectious Diseases: Scientific Report

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Africa CDC (2019) C_CDC
In 2007, WHO warned that infectious diseases are emerging and re-emerging at a rate that has not been seen before. The potential for infectious diseases to spread rapidly results in high morbidity and mortality, causing a potential global public hea ... more
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Air pollution and diabetes: it's time to get active!

O'Donovan, G.; Cadena-Gaitán, C. (2018) CC
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancers, and other non-communicable diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, and The Lancet Tas ... more
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National Guidelines for the Management of Viral Hepatitis

Spearman, CWN; MW Sonderup, Y Pillay et al. National Department of Health South Africa (2020) CC
Viral hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver cells due to viral infection. The burden of liver disease in South Africa is mostly underestimated as viral hepatitis, in particular chronic infection, is a silent and neglected cause of morbidity ... more
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WHO policy brief: COVID-19 testing, 14 September 2022

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the challenges countries face for maintaining their COVID-19 response while addressing competing public health challenges, conflicts, climate change and economic crises. It remains critical for national programmes to continue to offer testing for COVI ... more
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Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Chagas Disease
recommended

Suárez, C.; Nolder, D.; García-Mingo, A.; et al. (2022) CC
Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2022:13 25–40 Chagas disease (CD) or American trypanosomiasis is a neglected parasitic disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity that includes long-term disability, social stigma and a m ... more
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Dengue epidemiology

Jing, Q.; Wang, M. Global Health Journal (2019) CC
Dengue is the fastest spreading, mosquito-borne viral infectious disease worldwide, with remarkable morbidity and mortality. In the past decades, profound contributions have been made towards understanding its epidemiology, including disease burden ... more
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Pathology of Schistosomiasis

Roy, S. (2022) CC
DNA studies of Egyptian mummies shows evidence of the existence of Schistosomiasis about 5000 years ago. Schistosomiasis is increasing in prevalence, affecting nearly 10% of the world’s population and ranking second only to malaria as a cause of morbidi ... more
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WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis

World Health Organization WHO (2022) CC
Goal and objectives of the guideline The goal of this guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations to countries in their efforts to accomplish schistosomiasis morbidity control and elimination as a public health problem, and to move towar ... more
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Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Chagas Disease: An Increasing Challenge in Non-Endemic Areas

Suárez, C., Nolder, D., García-Mingo, A. et al. Research and reports in tropical medicine (2022) CC
Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2022:13 25–40. Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and it is endemic in Central, South America, Mexico and the South of the United States. It is an important cause of early mortality and ... more
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Infection prevention and control guideline for Ebola and Marburg disease, August 2023
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC
Ebola disease and Marburg disease outbreaks continue to occur in Africa, with increased frequency. In addition to resulting in high mortality and morbidity, the outbreaks generate fear and mistrust about the response activities within the communitie ... more
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Protecting maternal, newborn and child health from the impacts of climate change: call for action

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
Climate hazards, including extreme heat, are associated with increased risks of developing complications that lead to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. These may include multiple causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality such as ... more
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Leveraging the Learning Insights from HIV Programming for Pregnant and Parenting Adolescent Girls

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2023) CC
Pregnancy and childbirth during adolescence profoundly affects the lives of millions of girls worldwide, and is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, and infant and child mortality. Every year, an estimated 21 million girls aged 15– ... more
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Cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania: The burden of modifiable and intermediate risk factors

Roman, W.P.; Martin, H.D.; Sauli, E. et al. Journal of Xiangya Medicine (2019) CC
Tanzania, like other developing countries, is facing a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The country is experiencing rapid growth of modifiable and intermediate risk factors that accelerate CVD mortality and morbidity rates. In rural ... more
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Identifying common opportunistic infections among people with advanced HIV disease

World Health Organization WHO (2024) CC
Advanced HIV disease (defined in persons living with HIV with a CD4 cell count of <200cells/mm3 or presenting with a WHO Stage 3/4 AIDS-defining illness) poses a challenge to many countries globally and is responsible for significant mortality and morbidit ... more
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Evidence Based Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Lifestyle Intervention as Compared to Pharmacological Agents

Naik, V.; Dave, R.; Stephens, J.W.; Davies, J.S. (2015) CC2
The global epidemic of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) presents significant challenges to world health both in terms of financial costs as well as morbidity. Thus, considerable research has been focussed on the prevention or delay of the onset of T2 ... more
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Diabetes prevention, screening and management

International Pharmaceutical Federation (2021) CC2
Diabetes is a significant public health issue that affects approximately one in 10 adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90–95% of cases. This chronic condition causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is growing in impact, w ... more
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Malaria vaccine: WHO position paper – May 2024

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
This position paper supersedes the 2022 WHO position paper on malaria vaccines. It includes the updated WHO recommendations on the use of the RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M vaccines for the reduction of malaria morbidity and mortality in children livin ... more
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Diabetes prevention, screening and management - A handbook for pharmacists

International Pharmaceutical Federation (2021) CC2
Diabetes is a significant public health issue that affects approximately one in 10 adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90–95% of cases. This chronic condition causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is growing in impact, w ... more
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Surveillance of NCDs

World Health Organization WHO; Eastern Mediterranean Region World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region's Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) Data and Statistics page offers comprehensive information on NCD surveillance, including mortality rates, morbidity, and risk factor exposures. It emphasizes the importance of mon ... more
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Maladies non transmissibles 2024

World Health Organization WHO; Eastern Mediterranean Region World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region's Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) Data and Statistics page offers comprehensive information on NCD surveillance, including mortality rates, morbidity, and risk factor exposures. It emphasizes the importance of mon ... more
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Surveillance of NCDs - arabic version

World Health Organization WHO; Eastern Mediterranean Region World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region's Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) Data and Statistics page offers comprehensive information on NCD surveillance, including mortality rates, morbidity, and risk factor exposures. It emphasizes the importance of mon ... more
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Skin prick reactivity among asthmatics in East Africa

Kwizera, R.; Wadda, V.; Mugenyi, L.; et al. World Allergy Organization Jornal Volume 13, Issue 6100130June 2020 (2020) CC2
The burden of asthma in Africa is high, and yet the disease is not universally prioritised. Data on allergic asthma and its impact on asthma morbidity are limited in Africa. Our aim was to describe the distribution of skin prick positivity among ast ... more
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COPD in Asia* Where East Meets West

Wan, C.; Tze, P. CHEST (2008) CC2
The article investigates the global burden and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It emphasizes that COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with significant health and economic impacts. The study ide ... more
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in sub-Saharan Africa

Awokola, B.I.; Amusa, G.A.; Jewell, C.P.; et al. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2022) CC2
The article provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It highlights that COPD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in t ... more
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The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mannino, D.M.; Watt, G.; Hole, D.; et al. European Respiratory Journal (ERJ) (2006) CC2
The article from the European Respiratory Journal discusses the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphasizing its increasing global impact on morbidity and mortality. It highlights that while cigarette smoking is a pri ... more
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Spiromentry Equipment Loan Programme

Pan African Thoracic Society Pan African Thoracic Society (2024) CC2
The Pan African Thoracic Society is a major professional organization representing Lung Health in Africa. Africa carries a disproportionally high burden of respiratory morbidity and mortality relative to the population size.
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The burden of asthma in children: an Asian perspective

Singh, M. Science Direct (2005) CC2
A worldwide increase in the prevalence of asthma has been reported in recent years. With an increase in prevalence comes an increased burden of disease in terms of morbidity, mortality and compromised quality of life. The economic burden in terms of ... more
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Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA

Global Initiative for Asthma (2023) CC2
We work with health care professionals and public health officials around the globe to reduce asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality.
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Proposed Strategies to Improve Adult Asthma Management in Egypt: Expert Review and Recommendations

Hosny, H.; Madkour, A.; Hantera, M.; et al. (2022) CC2
Several challenges face asthma management in Egypt, including the high percentage of uncontrolled patients, inadequate compliance, and overuse of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) leading to increased asthma-related morbidity and mortality. In this ... more
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Summary of childhood asthma guidelines, 2021: A consensus document

Manjra, A.I.; van Niekerk, A.; White, D.A. et al. South African Medical Journal (2021) CC
Asthma is the most common chronic illness of childhood. The prevalence is rising and the mortality and morbidity from asthma are unacceptably high in South Africa. This article emphasizes the importance to make a correct diagnosis based, most import ... more
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Community health workers to improve uptake of maternal healthcare services: A clusterrandomized pragmatic trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Geldsetzer, P.; Mboggo, E.; Larson, E.; et al. (2019) CC2
PLoS Med 16(3): e1002768. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002768 Home delivery and late and infrequent attendance at antenatal care (ANC) are responsible for substantial avoidable maternal and pediatric morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan ... more
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Guidelines for the Management of Snake-bites. 2nd edition
recommended

Word Health Organization Regional Office of South-East Asia Word Health Organization Regional Office of South-East Asia (2016) C_WHO
Snakebites are well-known medical emergencies in many parts of the world, especially in rural areas. Agricultural workers and children are the most affected. The incidence of snakebite mortality is particularly high in South-East Asia. Rational use of snake anti-venom can substantially reduce mortal ... more
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Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health

Robert E. Black, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Marleen Temmerman; et al. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank (2016) CC
Disease Control Priorities –3rdEdition, Volume 2. This book focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, ... more
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Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020

World Health Organization WHO (2013) C_WHO
The "Global NCD action plan" provides a road map and a menu of policy options for countries to take in order to attain the 9 voluntary global targets, including that of a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 2 ... more
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Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases in Zambia: The Case for Investment

Ministry of Health, Zambia (2020) CC
The Government of the Republic of Zambia has placed priority on ensuring that Zambians are healthy and productive as a catalyst to the attainment of socioeconomic development . The Vision 2030 aims to transform Zambia into a prosperous middle-income country as articulated also in the 7th National De ... more
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Maternal and Neonatal Health Update. Training directory and reference guide. (Nepali Version).

Ministry of Health and Population, Health service Department. Government of Nepal (2010) C1
Maternal and Neonatal health update: by the Nepal government, Health and population ministry, Health protection unit, Family health department, created in 2010 (English) 2067 (Nepali). Compiled together by: UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA, NHSSP, Nepal medical college hospital and other government health departm ... more
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Postpartum family planning. Reference book. (Nepali Version).

Ministry of Health and Population, Health service Department. Government of Nepal (2010) C1
-By Nepal government, Ministry of Population and Health, Health Service Department, Family Health Section. Location: Teku, Kathmandu. Contents include: - Current situation in Nepal regarding postnatal care and family planning. -Nepal Maternal Mortality and ... more
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Nigeria: Humanitarian Response Plan (January - December 2018)

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2017) C1
Now entering its ninth year, the crisis in north-east Nigeria has created vulnerabilities and humanitarian concerns. An estimated 7.7 million men, women, boys and girls are in acute need of protection and assistance. While the humanitarian community has provided life-saving assistance to over 5.6 mi ... more
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Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO
Replacement of Annex 2 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. 964 ... more
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National Mental Health Policy in Rwanda

Ministry of Health, Rwanda (2011) C2
The national mental health policy was introduced in 1995 and has allowed political decision-makers and other actors in society to identify anchor points to initiate a mental health practice adapted to the context and that is close to the community. Today, that policy needs to be revised to meet the ... more
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South-East Asia Regional response framework for DR-TB, 2017-2021
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2017) C_WHO
The WHO South-East Asia (‎SEA)‎ Region bears a high burden of tuberculosis (‎TB)‎ and MDR-TB. In 2015, the Region accounted for nearly 200 000 or 35% of the global estimated new RR/MDR-TB cases eligible for treatment. Extensively drug-resistant TB (‎XDRTB)‎ has also been reported from s ... more
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Africa CDC Non Communicable Diseases, Injuries Prevention and Control and Mental Health Promotion Strategy
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) CC
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) & injuries and mental health conditions constitute a serious impediment to achieving the vision of Agenda 2063 to build an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa driven by its own citizens. Each year, these conditions cause millions of premature deaths and disab ... more
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Community Management of Acute Malnutrition CMAM Guidelines

Republic of South Sudan (2017) C1
Maternal and child malnutrition is a significant public health problem in South Sudan. Among children aged 6-59 months, 31% are stunted, 28% are underweight, and nearly 23% are acutely malnourished of which 13% are estimated to suffer from moderate acute malnutrition and 10% from severe acute malnut ... more
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Blueprint for a Public Health and Safety Approach to Drug Policy

Tracy Pugh, Julie Netherland, Ruth Finkelstein The New York Academy of Medicine, Drug Policy Alliance (2013) C2
"Some of the problems with our current drug policies stem from the fact that these policies have been largely bifurcated between two different and often contradictory approaches. One treats drug use as a crime that cannot be tolerated and should be punished; the other views addiction as a chronic re ... more
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Trends in infant mortality in Venezuela between 1985 and 2016: a systematic analysis of demographic data

Jenny García, Gerardo Correa, Brenda Rousset (2019) CC
Lancet Glob Health 2019 Published Online January 24, 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30479-0 The health-care system collapse underway in Venezuela is a cause of utmost concern for its people and, increasingly, for the wider region. Declines in provision of basic services, such as ... more
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Is climate change the biggest threat of the 21st century? Film

Medical Peace Work (2019) CC
The world’s climate is changing. There is scientific consensus that since 1980 global temperatures have increased by almost 1°C. Most people experience climate change through extreme weather events, new and re-emerging infectious disease, and the long term effects of sea level rise, impoverishmen ... more
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Maternal Mental Health and child health and development in low and middle income countries
recommended

WHO WHO (2008) C_WHO
The impact of maternal mental health problems on infants in high income countries has been identified mostly in terms of psychosocial and emotional development, thanks to the groundbreaking early work of Spitz (2) and of Bowlby (3), who studied the emotional needs of infants and mother-child attachm ... more
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HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Evidence-based treatment protocols

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO
In many low- and middle-income countries, there is a wide gap between evidencebased recommendations and current practice. Treatment of major CVD risk factors remains suboptimal, and only a minority of patients who are treated reach their target levels for blood pressure, blood sugar and blood choles ... more
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Antibiotic use and resistance in South Africa

Dr T Apalata, Dr C Bamford, Mr D Benjamin et al. South African Medical Journey SAMJ (2011) C2
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern shared by developed and developing countries. In developing countries the burden of infectious diseases is greater and exacerbated by limited access to, and availability and affordability of, antimicrobials required to treat infect ... more
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Recommendations for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: Manual for Public Health Decision-Makers

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2018) C2
As a public good, antimicrobial medicines require rational use if their effectiveness is to be preserved. However, up to 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate, adding considerable costs to patient care, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In ad ... more
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Syrian Arab Republic - Overview of humanitarian response from within Syria

OCHA (2020) C1
January - December 2019 First published April 2020 • Between January to December 2019, an estimated 8.58 million people were reached at least once with some form of humanitarian assistance, including over 91,000 people through three inter-agency convoys, two to Rukban and one to Menbij. On ... more
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Tobacco product regulation: Basic handbook

World Health Organisation (2020) C_WHO
Welcome to the online course on the basics of tobacco product regulation. Although tobacco use is a major public health problem, tobacco products are one of the few openly available consumer products that are virtually unregulated in many countries for contents, emissions and design features. In rec ... more
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Breastfeeding and COVID-19: Scientific brief

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Breastfeeding is the cornerstone of infant and young child survival, nutrition and development and maternal health. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for up to 2 ye ... more
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National guideline for management of Non Communicable Diseases(NCDs)

Rwanda Biomedical Center Ministry of Health Rwanda (2016) CC
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are a worldwide epidemic. Particularly, the most common diseases - Cardiovascular diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), Chronic Kidney Diseases, Cancer, Diabetes, injuries and disabilities, EMT, oral, eye g ... more
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The Use of Co-Trimoxazole Prophylaxis for HIV-Related Infections among Adults, Adolsescents and Children

World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO
Co-trimoxazole is a fixed-dose combination of two antimicrobial drugs (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) that covers a variety of bacterial, fungal and protozoan infections. Co-trimoxazole preventive therapy is a feasible, well tolerated and inexpensive intervention for people living with HIV to re ... more
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Care for Mental Health Conditions in Jamaica: The Case for Investment. Evaluating the Return on Investment of Scaling Up Treatment for Depression, Anxiety, and Psychosis

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2020) C_WHO
Mental health is critical to personal well-being, interpersonal relationships, and successful contributions to society. Mental health conditions consequently impose a high burden not only on individuals, families and society, but also on economies. In Jamaica, mental health conditions are highly pre ... more
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ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of CV Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic

European Society of Cardiology (2020) C1
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic levels; Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent a vulnerable population when suffering from COVID-19; Patien ... more
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Global Health Estimates

World Health Organization WHO World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
WHO’s Global Health Estimates (GHE) provide the latest available data on death and disability globally, by region and country, and by age, sex and cause. The latest updates include global, regional and country trends from 2000 to 2019 inclusive. By providing key insights on mortality and ... more
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Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2020) C1
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the societal disruption it has brought, national governments and the international community have invested billions of dollars and immense amounts of human resources to develop a safe and effective vaccine in an unprecedented time f ... more
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National Guideline For Emergency Nutrition Intervention (May 2022)

Government of Ethiopia (2022) CC
Humanitarian crises exacerbate nutritional risks and often lead to an increase in acute malnutrition. Emergencies include both manmade (conflict) and natural disasters (floods, drought, cyclones, typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.). Complex emergencies are combinations of both manmade a ... more
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Modelling the health impacts of disruptions to essential health services during COVID-19

UN Children's Fund UNICEF; Umited Nations Popuilation Fund UNFPA; World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
- Module 1: Understanding modelling approaches for sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health, and nutrition Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide range of documented effects. It directly causes death and disability for some people infected. However, disruption to ... more
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Air Pollution - WHO

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
Accessed on 06.03.2022 Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sou ... more
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Malaria vaccine: WHO position paper - March 2022
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Weekly Epidemiological Record No 9, 2022, 97, 61–80 This position paper supersedes the 2016 publication, “Malaria vaccine: WHO position paper-2016.”1 It includes the updated WHO recommendations on the wider use of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine for the reduction of malaria ... more
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Gender and One Health context analysis for HEAL

Eba, B.; Wieland B., Flintan F., et al. (2020) CC
The One Health approach can help achieve progress and promotes synergies on national and global priorities by generating synergies at the human-animal-environmental interface. While evidence is still scare, it is likely that the approach is highly cost-effective and improves effectiveness of core pu ... more
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Heat and health

The Lancet (2021) CC
Lancet 2021; 398: Series: Heat and Health Hot weather and heat extremes harm human health, with poverty, ageing, and chronic illnesses as aggravating factors. As the global community contends with even hotter weather in a changing climate, there is a pressing need to better understand the most eff ... more
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Heat Exposure and Cardiovascular Health: A Summary for Health Departments

Halaharvi, H.; Schramm, P,J.; Vaidyanathan, A.; et al. (2020) C_CDC
Extreme heat events (EHEs) are a leading cause of weather-related injury and death in the United States, and under a changing climate, these meteorological episodes are predicted to increase in both frequency and intensity. Prolonged heat exposure from EHEs places an increased strain on the heart an ... more
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Guidelines for the prevention, surveillance and management of COVID-19 infection among health care workers in Zimbabwe

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2022) C_WHO
The Guidelines for the Prevention, Surveillance and Management of COVID-19 Infection amongst Health Care Workers (HCW) in Zimbabwe were developed to prevent, detect and manage HCW COVID-19 infection, an emerging pandemic affecting the whole world. The HCW is at the fore front of this pandemic, thus ... more
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Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a preventable neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by infection with the filarial parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi or B. timori. Mosquitos in the genera Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia and Aedes transmit the parasites from person to person. Lymphoedema and hyd ... more
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Recommendations for Establishing a National Maternal Near-miss Surveillance System in Latin America and the Caribbean

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2022) C_WHO
Maternal mortality has fallen significantly in recent years, especially in countries that have emphasized the prevention of its main causes, such as hemorrhagic and infectious complications and hypertension , including in the Region of the Americas. In its final report on the Plan of Action to Accel ... more
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Diagnosis and Prevalence of Chagas Disease in an Indigenous Population of Colombia

Kann, S.; Dib, J.; Aristizabal, A.; et al. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (2022) CC
Microorganisms . 2022 Jul 14;10(7):1427. Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in about 21 countries of the Americas. The disease has spread to recently Chagas-free regions, mainly due to migration, and can now also be diagnosed in countries such as the USA, Canada, many European and some African, eastern ... more
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Residence Time, Water Contact, and Age-driven Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Hotspot Communities in Uganda

Moses, A.; Adriko, M.; Kibwika, B. et al. The American Jornal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2021) CC
Schistosomiasis, which is the second most important parasitic infection after malaria in terms of its socioeconomic impact, is responsible for the loss of an estimated 4.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Schistosomiasis, including both intestinal and urinary forms of the di ... more
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Fact sheet Schistosomiasis

World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO
Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. At least 249 million people required preventive treatment in 2012. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and prevent ... more
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Schistosomiasis Key Facts

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. Estimates show that at least 251.4 million people required preventive treatment in 2021. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and ... more
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Target product profile for a point-of-care diagnostic test for dermal leishmaniases - Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and its evolving forms (diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis recidivans), together with the sequela of visceral leishmaniasis (post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis), account for about one million cases of dermal leishmani ... more
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Fascioliasis animal parasitic disease

Pan American Health Organization PAHO; World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Fascioliasis is an animal parasitic disease (in cattle and sheep, but also pigs, donkeys, Llamas and alpacas that can be transmitted to humans. The infection is caught when aquatic or semi-aquatic plants with the larvae of the worm attached to their stem or leaves are ingested raw or poorly cooked. ... more
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Emergency health response plan for drought in Somalia: Early action to protect health and save lives April-December 2022

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
Nearly 260 000 people died in parts of Somalia between October 2010 and April 2012, including 133 000 children under five during the famine and food crisis in Somalia making it the worst famine in history. A study commissioned and funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Natio ... more
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An integrated, Sustainable Framework to Elimination of Communicable Diseases in the Americas. Concept Note

Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) (2019) C_WHO
The objective of this concept note and the framework it outlines is the elimination of a group of CDs and the negative health effects they generate, which together create a tangible burden on affected individuals, their families and communities, and on health care systems throughout the Region. Thou ... more
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Clinical Overview of Leishmaniasis

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2020) C_CDC
The term leishmaniasis encompasses multiple clinical syndromes, including the cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral forms, which result from infection of macrophages in the dermis, in the naso-orpharyngeal mucosa, and throughout the reticuloendothelial system, respectively. The infection can range from a ... more
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Surgical approaches to the urogenital manifestations of lymphatic filariasis

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
During the 17 years since Surgical approaches to the urogenital manifestations of lymphatic filariasis was first published, there has been heightened awareness of the physical, economic and emotional burden of the genitourinary manifestations of filariasis. With the impetus to provide better guidanc ... more
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Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report, 2020 - Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2021, vol. 96, 41 [‎full issue]‎

World Health Organization WHO; Institutional research information sharing iris (2021) C_WHO
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is an avoidable, debilitating, disfiguring disease caused by infection with the filarial parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B. timori. Globally, 51.4 million people are estimated to be infected. Lymphoedema and hydrocoele are the visible, chronic clinical co ... more
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Current epidemiological evidence for predisposition to high or low intensity human helminth infection: a systematic review

Wright J.E., Werkman M., Dunn J.C. et al Parasites and Vectors (2018) C2
Background: The human helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infections, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. It is estimated that almost 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths. Whilst the WHO treatment guidelines for helminth infecti ... more
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Guidelines for the Management of Snake-Bites - WHO - 2010

Warrell D.A. World Health Organization WHO (2010) C_WHO
Snake-bites are well-known medical emergencies in many parts of the world, especially in rural areas. Agricultural workers and children are the most affected. The incidence of snake-bite mortality is particularly high in South-East Asia. Rational use of snake anti-venom can substantially reduce mort ... more
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Field Guide for Preparedness and Response to Diphtheria Outbreaks in the Western Pacific Region

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
Due to high routine vaccination coverage, overall counts of diphtheria case have significantly declined in the Western Pacific Region recently. However, diphtheria is still prevalent in several countries and areas of the Region and remains a public health issue due to its high case fatality rate. ... more
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South Sudan: Health Cluster strategy 2023-2025

Health Cluster; World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC
South Sudan continues to struggle with a severe health crisis affecting 8.9 million people, primarily in flood- and conflict-affected regions with population movements (displacement and returns), and disease outbreaks. The nation's health system, heavily reliant on international aid, faces staffing ... more
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Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases: progress report, 2022

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
Human schistosomiasis is caused mainly by 3 schistosome species: Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum. S. guineensis, S. intercalatum and S. mekongi have a highly localized distribution in Central Africa and along the Mekong River in South-East Asia, respectively. Soil-transmitted h ... more
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Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure in Diabetes

Park, J.J. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (2021) CC
The cardiovascular disease continuum begins with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM), progresses to vasculopathy and myocardial dysfunction, and finally ends with cardiovascular death. Diabetes is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk for heart failure (HF). Moreover, HF patients wit ... more
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Ethiopia Health Cluster Strategy 2024-2025

World Health Organization WHO; Health Cluster (2024) CC
Ethiopia has been repeatedly affected by conflict, flooding, drought, and disease outbreaks in the past years. As of January 2024, the country is actively responding to the longest recorded cholera outbreak which started in August 2022, recurrent measles outbreaks which started in August 2021, and t ... more
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Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India

Pradeepa, R.; Mohan, V. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 69(11):p 2932-2938, November 2021. (2021) CC2
The burden of diabetes is high and increasing globally, and in developing economies like India, mainly fueled by the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. The estimates in 2019 showed that 77 million individuals had diabetes in India, which is expected to rise to over ... more
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Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk

World Health Organization WHO (2007) C_WHO
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world, and contributes substantially to the escalating costs of health care. The underlying pathology is atherosclerosis, which develops over many years and is usually advanced by the time symptoms occur, genera ... more
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South American guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation

Herdy, A.H.; López-Jiménez, F.; Terzic, C.P. et al. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (2014) CC
In this document, the Inter-American Committee of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, together with the South American Society of Cardiology, aimed to formulate strategies, measures, and actions for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation (CVDPR). In the context of the imple ... more
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Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Richardson, C.R.; Borgeson, J. R.; Harrison, V.; et al. National Library of Medicine (2021) CC2
The document "Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" provides comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. It emphasizes the importance of individualized glycemic targets, lifestyle interventions like diet and exercise, and the use of medicatio ... more
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Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases

Schraufnagel, D.E.; Balmes, J.R.; Cowl, C.T. et al. American College of Chest Physicians (2019) CC
Although air pollution is well known to be harmful to the lung and airways, it can also damage most other organ systems of the body. It is estimated that about 500,000 lung cancer deaths and 1.6 million COPD deaths can be attributed to air pollution, but air pollution may also account for 19% of all ... more
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Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Afshin, A.; Sur, P.J.; Fay, K.A. et al. The Lancet (2019) CC
The document presents a systematic analysis of dietary risks and their health impacts in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. It highlights that suboptimal diets, such as those high in sodium and low in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, significantly contribute to non-communicable diseases like hear ... more
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Guidelines for the prevention, management and care of diabetes mellitus

World Health Organization WHO (2006) C_WHO
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and it is now the fourth leading cause of death. The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the emergence of ... more
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Guidelines for the prevention, management and care of diabetes mellitus - World Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2006) C_WHO
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and it is now the fourth leading cause of death. The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the emergence of ... more
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Emergence of diabetes education and capacity-building programs for primary care physicians in India

Mehra, R.; Vats, S.; Kumar, R.; et al. (2022) CC2
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally. India is home to the second-largest population suffering from diabetes. This underscores the need to build capacity of primary care physicians (PCPs) for better disease management. This narrative review article aims to describe the emergence o ... more
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Non-communicable diseases, injuries, and mental ill-health in Africa: the role of the Africa CDC 2023

Mohammed A. , Putnis N. et al. The Lancet Global Health (2023) CC2
The article "Non-communicable diseases, injuries, and mental ill-health in Africa: the role of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention" examines the role of the Africa CDC in addressing non-communicable diseases (NCDs), injuries, and mental health across the continent. It highlights ho ... more