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This brief update on tuberculosis (TB) in the African region covers the state of TB in the WHO African region, strategic priorities and targets and the impact of COVID-19 on essential services. This is followed by key figures for the region, the role of WHO in country support and, recognizing the im ... more
This document aims to provide interim guidance for microbiology and virology experts, other laboratory professionals, laboratory managers, infectious disease programme managers, public health professionals and other stakeholders that provide primary, confirmatory or advanced ... more
Recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis of the impact of chemical-based mollusciciding (King et al., 2015, Sokolow et al., 2016) have concluded that regular mollusciciding is likely to contribute significantly towards elimination of schistosomiasis in high-risk areas. The WHO roadmap’s new foc ... more
The updated List of Essential Diagnostics contains 46 general tests that can be used for routine patient care as well as for the detection and diagnosis of a wide array of disease conditions, and 69 tests intended for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of specific diseases. The List is divid ... more
While many of the countries hit by the COVID-19 in the first few months of the year are now beginning to relax lockdown measures as infection and death rates fall, in the regions most affected by HIV, TB and malaria, such as Africa, South Asia and Latin America, the pandemic continues to accelerate. ... more
6 July 2021. Three new nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) classes are endorsed by WHO and included. The latest operational handbook includes the new classes recommended by WHO. It aims at facilitating the implementation of the WHO recommendations by the Member States, technical partners, and ot ... more
orientaciones provisionales, 8 de noviembre de 2020 This interim guidance is most useful for countries interested in monitoring relative circulations of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The document provides practical information to maintain surveillance of influenza and monitor SARS-CoV-2 using e ... more
The meeting was held from 26 to 27 March 2018 to review and discuss the following topics: Advances and challenges in the use of fTLC, and new approaches to detecting mycolactone using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The status of development of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) targeting the MUL ... more
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste has the highest TB incidence rate in the South East Asian Region - 498 per 100,000, which is the seventh highest in the world. In Timor-Leste TB is the eighth most common cause of death. The salient observations are as follows: In 2018, 487 (12.5%) of the ... more
Hepatitis B (HBV) infection is a major public health problem and cause of chronic liver disease. The 2024 HBV guidelines provide updated evidence-informed recommendations on key priority topics. These include expanded and simplified treatment criteria for adults but now also for adolescents; expa ... more
About one fourth of the world’s population is estimated to have been infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacilli, and about 5–10% of those infected develop TB disease in their lifetime. The risk for TB disease after infection depends on several factors, the most important being the person’s im ... more
About one fourth of the world’s population is estimated to have been infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacilli, and about 5–10% of those infected develop TB disease in their lifetime. The risk for TB disease after infection depends on several factors, the most important being the person’s im ... more
3rd Edition – July 2017 www.msfaccess.org
Qualitative assay for use on the cobas®6800/8800 Systems. For in vitro diagnostic use
Interim guidance, 6 October 2021 Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins (antigens) in nasal swabs and other respiratory secretions using lateral flow immunoassays (also known as rapid diagnostic tests, RDTs) offers a faster and less expensive method to test for SARS-CoV-2 than the reference ... more
Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/334254
Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/334254
La détection directe des protéines virales du SRAS-CoV-2 (antigènes) dans les écouvillons nasaux et autres sécrétions respiratoires à l'aide de tests immunologiques à flux latéral (également appelés tests de diagnostic rapide, TDR) offre une méthode plus rapide et moins coûteuse pour te ... more
The COVID-19 CARE pathway is a living tool to support health care workers visualize the current clinical and therapeutic recommendations to be considered in the care planning for patients with COVID-19. The COVID-19 CARE pathway is aligned with the eighth version of the WHO Therapeutics and COVID ... more
Malawi Internationally recommended key policies uptake

Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19

OCHA; Reliefweb; World Health Organization (WHO) OCHA; Reliefweb; World Health Organization (WHO); Health Cluster (2020) C2
Scientific brief 8 April 2020
La presente publicación describe la evidencia científica disponible sobre la utilidad del uso complementario de pruebas moleculares y de detección de anticuerpos para mejorar el diagnóstico de sospechosos de COVID-19. La utilización complementaria de ambas pruebas podría mejorar la identificac ... more
L’expansion de la mise en œuvre des approches de suivi du traitement par la réalisation de tests de mesure de la charge virale et de tests de diagnostic chez le nourrisson sera indispensable pour garantir la qualité des soins et des traitements ainsi que le succès des programmes. Le fait de ch ... more
Interim Technical Note
Haematologica has published European guidelines for empirical and targeted antibacterial therapy forfebrile neutropenic patients in the era of emerging resistance (ECIL-4). Indeed, collateral damage by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy includes selection of multidrugresistant pathogens, and incr ... more
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133869 July 28, 2015, p.1-16
The main objective of the malaria prevention and control programme in Somalia is to prevent mortality and reduce morbidity due to malaria. The groups most vulnerable to the disease, children aged under 5 years and pregnant women, are especially targeted. Effective case management - early diagnosis a ... more
PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210937 February 5, 2019
Product:BDFACSCountTM InstrumentSystemwithFACSCountTM ControlKitandBD FACSCountTM CD4ReagentKit(AbsoluteandPercentageCD4+Counts) Number: PQDx 0133-045-00 0133-045-00 WHO PQDx PR June/2016, version 2.0
30 April 2020 | COVID-19: Essential health services
Given the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries are advised to continue adopting the TB diagnostic algorithms recommended by PAHO / WHO. Despite the differences in the modes of transmission of TB and COVID-19, certain personal protection measures are relevant for both diseases. Rout ... more
Oxygen is an essential medicine required at all levels of the health care system; only high quality, medical-grade oxygen should be given to patients. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) oxygen generating plants are a source of medical-grade oxygen. This document provides technical specifications as th ... more
Two test methods on dexamethasone tablets and injections
New England Journal of Medicine April 9, 2021 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104840
Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
17–24 November 2015
Meeting report, 25-26 September 2017 Copenhagen, Denmark
The household transmission investigation is a case-ascertained prospective study of all identified household contacts of a laboratory confirmed 2019-nCoV infection (see 2.2 Study population). It is intended to provide rapid and early information on the clinical, epidemiological and virological chara ... more
22 July 2022. This document summarizes current WHO guidance for public health surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The strategy recommends that AU Member States should enhance, where feasible, existing COVID-19 surveillance to include: Community-based surveillance to detect symptomatic cases early for treatment and to avert viral transmission; Sentinel surveillance in high-risk populations to detect ... more
The occurrence of a high percentage of couterfeit medicines on the global medicines market is often attributed to a lack of effective regulation and a weak enforcement capacity. This review, while focusing on counterfeit medicines and medical devices in developing countries, will present information ... more
Handout presentations in PDF for illustrating lectures Accessed May 2014
Euro Surveill. 2015 Mar 26;20(12). pii: 21073.
The prevalence, availability, and use of antimalarial medicines (AMLs) were studied in six Cambodian provinces along the Thai-Cambodian border. The study was divided into two parts: the first looked at the quality of AMLs available in Pursat, Pailin, Battambang, Bantey Meanchey, Oddar Meanchey, and ... more
Guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders Annexes for webposting and CD-Rom distribution with the policy guidelines
PLoS ONE 9(1): e87262. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087262
Investigación original / Original research Panam Salud Publica. 2016;39(1):38–43.
BMC Infectious Diseases 2012, 12:352/1471-2334/12/352
Review S Afr Med J 2014;104(3):174-177. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.7968
Year one report
15. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(47):pii=17-00103
Replacement of Annex 2 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. 964 ... more
This guide includes information relevant for tuberculosis (TB) program and laboratory managers, as well as Ministry of Health officials across disease programs interested in establishing integrated solutions for specimen referral. Though TB-focused in name, it offers integration-oriented assessment, ... more
The idea to the ANDEMIA online course manual is based on the challenge that resources for sending ANDEMIA students to a variety of face to face courses is limited not only due to financial but also time constraints. Online course provide a good basis for the students, Master, PhD and Post Docs to pr ... more
PQDx 0198-071-00 WHO PQDx PR April/2016, version 2.0
Since the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015, there has been rapidly growing awareness among many African countries that they need to be doing more to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The Africa Centres fo ... more
8 July 2020
Annex 7
The overall objective of this implementation plan is to define the strategy for implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for rapid detection of TB and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in Tanzania, within the context of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme (NTLP) strategic plan and other nation ... more
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(2): e0005356 -Published: February 23, 2017 21 pp

Tuberculosis. Diagnostics Technology Landscape. 5th edition

UNITAID World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C2
Policy Statement
6th edition
The new WHO recommendations for the treatment of isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible TB are based upon a review of evidence from patients treated with such regimens by a Guideline Development Group in conformity with WHO requirements for evidence-based policies.
Following the encouraging initial results of the pilot project, the Ministry of Health is committed to increasing access to MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment and care. An expansion plan for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB has been developed and forms part of the Five Year National Strateg ... more
The update of the ESTC was conducted as a joint endeavour with ERS, consulting experts from international societies and organisations, national TB programmes, civil society and affected communities. The second edition of the ESTC includes 21 standards in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, HIV and co ... more
Le défi des pays en voie de développement est la disponibilité de méthodes de diagnostic rapide et précis pour le management de la tuberculose. Des techniques moléculaires offrent cet avantage et nous avons utilisé le test GeneXpert MTB/RIF dans le diagnostic de la tuberculose extra-pulmonair ... more
This is a case-ascertained prospective investigation of all identified health care contacts working in a health care facility in which a laboratory confirmed 2019-nCoV infected patient (see 2.2 Study population) receives care. Note that this study can be done in health care facilities at all 3 level ... more
A new respiratory infectious disease, COVID-19, caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, emerged in early December 2019. Since then, the virus has spread to India and 106 other countries in Asia, Europe, North America, Africa, and Oceania. On March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) decl ... more
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic levels; Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent a vulnerable population when suffering from COVID-19; Patien ... more
Interim guidanceAnnex to: Policy considerations for implementing a risk-based approach to international travel in the context of COVID-19, 2 July 2021
This regional report on the situation of tuberculosis (TB) in the Americas contains information from 2019, provided by the countries of the Region through the World Health Organization TB data collection system. These data have been consolidated and analyzed at the regional level. In addition to pre ... more

Revised National Guidelines on Mpox

Wasif Malik, M.; et al. National Institute of Health, Pakistan (2024) CC
This document serves to provide interim guidance/ recommendations to carry out mpox surveillance activities mainly case investigation, contact tracing and isolation. For the development of this document WHO, UKHSA and CDC guidelines were referred to and adopted within the country context.
Neurology, Published online before print 15 Jul 2016. Open Access
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) Biosafety and Biosecurity Initiative was launched by the Africa CDC in April 2019 with the aim of strengthening the African Union (AU) Member States’ biosafety and biosecurity systems and enabling them to comply with national and i ... more