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User Guide
2nd edition - Published in 2003, the first WHO/HAI medicine prices manual Medicine Prices – A New Approach to Measurement Draft for field-testing provides a draft methodology and tools to conduct national medicine prices and availability surveys ... more
Interagency Guidelines - This revised Interagency List of Essential Medicines for Reproductive Health presents the current international consensus on rational selection of essential reproductive health m ... more
Guidelines
The survey aimed at evaluating the quality of selected antimalarials in six countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and the United Republic of Tanzania). These countries have been supported by WHO to strengthen their regulatory controls o ... more
Value in Health Regional Issues 4 C (2014) 37-40
Made under Section 5 (c) of the Tanzania Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 2003 | Second Edition
The new guidelines provide public health guidance on pharmacological agents for managing hyperglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes for use in primary health-care in low-resource settings. These guidelines update the recommendations for managing hyperglycaemia in the WHO Package of Essential NCD I ... more
Research Article Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2018, Article ID 9619684, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9619684
9 April 2020 WHO has published the guidance “Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected” This document is intended for clinicians taking care of hospitalized adult and paediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) whe ... more
Technology landscape
Annex 5, WHO Technical Report Series 1010, 2018
Med J DY Patil Univ 2017;10:229-33
Procurement and supply management activities are fundamental to consistent and reliable access to essential medicines and health products. To reduce the impact of CVD, action needs to be taken to improve prevention, diagnosis, care and management of ... more
Report of the 23rd WHO Expert Committee on the selection and use of essential medicines This executive summary reports the recommendations made by the Expert Committee for the 2021 update of the WHO Model List of Essential ... more
Agodokpessi et al. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice (2015) 8:12DOI 10.1186/s40545-015-0033-7 Benin established a revolving drug fund (RDF) for essential asthma medicines in 2008. We evaluated the operation of the RDF and assessed wh ... more
Report: A survey conducted among the 27 high MDR-TB burden countries. March – July 2015 Stop TB Partnership in collaboration with Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). Accessed November 2017.
Accessed at 25.03.2014
4th edition. This report – now in its fourth edition – analyses the barriers and factors affecting access to treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), including new and repurposed drugs. We provide detailed pricing profiles of key DR-TB drugs, using manufacturer responses to s ... more
First edition, November 1997 | Revised July 2002

South African National TB Guidelines - Children

Medicines Information Centre; SPES Bona; National HIV & TB Health Care Worker Hotline (2019) C2
Accessed: 08.10.2019 Based on the National Guidelines for the Management of Tuberculosis in Children 2013, Department of Health, South Africa.
PMPB/INS-GUIDE/01
The Zimbabwe National Pharmacovigilance Policy Handbook, 2nd Edition updates the November 2013 version to indicate the Zimbabwe National Pharmacovigilance (PV) Centre’s compliance with the WHO Pharmacovigilance Indicators Handbook 2015.
7 April 2021
First Edition
Current Tropical Medicine Reports (2018) 5:247–256 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-018-0166-2 .Purpose of the Review Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing and disabling cutaneous disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, one of the skin-related neglected tropical diseases (skin NTDs). This article aim ... more
The second ECDC/EFSA/EMA joint report on the integrated analysis of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals addressed data obtained by the Agencies’ EU-wide surveillance networks for 2013–2015. AMC in both sectors, exp ... more
Annual procurement workplan for ordering medicines. Last revised 2015. Original Word document on: http://www.epnetwork.org/Resources/Standard%20Operating%20Procedure/Workplan_Form.doc
Every day, fake medicines and medical products are sold at street corners, in open air markets or on unregulated websites in several countries in the African Region. These poor quality, unsafe medicines ... more
20 February 2013 Update on 2004 Background Paper (Written by Saloni Tanna) Priority Medicines for Europe and the World "A Public Health Approach to Innovation"
Service Availability and Readiness Assessment Tool
Prices people pay for medicines.
Second Edition AIDS Medicines and diagnostics services July 2015
The occurrence of a high percentage of couterfeit medicines on the global medicines market is often attributed to a lack of effective regulation and a weak enforcement capacity. This review, while f ... more
ຢາຕ້ານເຊື້ອຈຸລະຊີບ (Antimicrobial medicines) ມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນຫຼາຍຕໍ່ວຽກງານການແພດ, ສາທາລະນະສຸກ, ສຸຂະພາບສັດ ແລ ... more
Supply of essential medicines and health technologies (6 April 2020) This paper is one of a set of technical guidance papers developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe to provide practical information and resources for decision-makers on mea ... more
Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and ... more
Government of Nepal has an obligation to ensure availability of affordable and high quality basic health care services to its population
This research paper uses the Health Resources and services Availability Mapping System (HeRAMS) database to develop two composite indices – one for health centres and one for hospitals – in order to analyse and assess the health facilitie ... more
Global UNIDO Project: Strengthening the local production of essential medicines in least developed and developing countries
Interagency Guidelines; Medicines and medical devices for 10 000 people for approximately three month.
WHO Model Formulary for children based on the Second Model List of Essential Medicines for Children 2009. In 2007, the World Health Assembly passed a Resolution titled ‘Better Medicines for Chil ... more

A model quality assurance system for procurement agencies

World Health Organization World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Populations Fund, World Bank (2007) C_WHO
This interagency report provides recommendations for assuring quality of medicines during key activities of country-level procurement agencies, namely prequalification of pharmaceutical products and manufacturers; purchase of pharmaceutical products ... more
In recent years, high prices of pharmaceutical products have posed challenges in high- and low-income countries alike. In many instances, high prices of pharmaceutical products have led to significant financial hardship for individuals and negatively impacted on healthcare systems’ ability to prov ... more
The manual contains basic principles of prescribing followed by chapters on medicines used in psychotic disorders; depressive disorders; bipolar disorders; generalised anxiety and sleep disorders; obsessive-compulsive disorders and panic attacks; an ... more
Submission by the WHO Collaborating Centre on training and policy on opioid availability and WHO collaborating Centre for community participation in palliative care and long term care To the Indian Nursing Council for consideration to be included i ... more
Ensuring Access to Simple, Safe and Effective First-Line Medicines for Tuberculosis. Accessed in November 2017.
This guide provides national stakeholders and advocates with information and guidance to update the national essential medicines list to include a new commodity, a new indication, or a new formulation based on the available evidence and based on cou ... more
Global actions to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) include optimising the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health. In countries with weak healthcare regulation, this requires a greater understanding of the drivers of antibioti ... more
The Pharmacovigilance team in WHO aims to assure the safety of medicines and vaccines by ensuring reliable and timely exchange of information on safety issues, promoting pharmacovigilance activities throughout the Organization and encouraging partic ... more
GDF is the largest global provider of quality-assured tuberculosis (TB) medicines, diagnostics, and laboratory supplies to the public sector. Since 2001, GDF has facilitated access to high-quality TB care in over 130 countries, providing treatmen ... more
As a public good, antimicrobial medicines require rational use if their effectiveness is to be preserved. However, up to 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate, adding considerable costs to patient care, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In ad ... more
Early-warning indicators to prevent stock-outs and overstocking of antiretroviral, antituberculosis and antimalaria medicines.

The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria

The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria Olike Chinwendu KIT (Royal Tropical Institute) Development Policy & Practice Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (2008) CC
Review over the work and challenges of the Nigerian National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in combatting counterfeiting of medicines in Nigeria.
The objective of this book is to provide health workers with easily accessible information on important aspects of the medicines commonly used at primary care level in Zimbabwe. Medicines are a cruc ... more
A nationwide survey of a representative sample of health facilities across public health services in all states and regions of Myanmar has been undertaken since 2014 to track Reproductive Health Commodity Security (RHCS) indicators, such as the availabilit ... more
The main objective of the malaria prevention and control programme in Somalia is to prevent mortality and reduce morbidity due to malaria. The groups most vulnerable to the disease, children aged under 5 years and pregnant women, are especially targeted. Effective case management - early diagnosis a ... more
Licensed pharmaceutical products (marketing authorization) should be manufactured only by licensed manufacturers (holders of a manufacturing authorization) whose activities are regularly inspected by competent national authorities. This guide to GMP shall be used as a standard to justify GMP status, ... more
Pharmaceutical regulators are at the forefront of ensuring that only safe and effective medicines are authorized and available in the market. This document builds on the recommendations in the above publication and has been prepared to specifically ... more
On 15–16 December 2020, WHO and the Medicines for Malaria Venture co-convened a technical consultation to consider the preferred product characteristics (PPCs) for drugs used in malaria chemoprevention. The main goal of the technical consultation ... more
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies have long been available to prevent people from dying of dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over 40% are children ... more
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies have long been available to prevent people from dying of dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over 40% are childre ... more
A cross-sectional descriptive study design covering all states and regions was undertaken to:
1) To assess availability, utilization and supply chain management system for RH commodities at different levels of health facilities,
2) To ass ... more
How WHO works to prevent drug use, reduce harm and improve safe access to medicines
In the mid-1980s, recognizing the limitations of traditional training and that the knowledge and skills acquired are not necessarily applied back in the workplace, MSH developed the Monitoring‐Training-Planning (MTP) approach to assist the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health to implement its Child Survi ... more
The report provides a brief introduction to patents and licences and their effect on the market for antiretroviral (ARV) medicines. It gives an overview of the patent landscape with respect to a select number of ARV ... more

Using indicators to measure country pharmaceutical situations

WHO World Health Organization (WHO) (2006) C_WHO
Fact Book on WHO Level I and Level II monitoring indicators - To monitor the progress of efforts to improve the global medicines situation, WHO has developed a system of indicators that measure important aspects of a country’s pharmaceutical situa ... more
This guideline is intended to provide requirements to applicants wishing to submit applications for registration of medicines in Botswana.
CHAPTER 206 | An Act to establish a national drug policy and a national drug authority to ensure the availability, at all times, of essential, efficacious and cost-effective drugs to the entire population of Uganda, as a means of providing satisfact ... more
These guidelines for the National Pharmacovigilance and Medicine Information System in Rwanda have been developed to ensure that safe, efficacious and quality medicines are made available to all Rwandans.
Objectives of the Study: To understand the community needs, behaviors and perception for MNH in urban poor settings. To explore various factors (both demand and supply side) affecting care seeking for MNH. To assess the preparedness of the urban health system for providing MNH services at variou ... more