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The 7th edition of the Orange Guide provides practical guidance to health workers on the front line of TB control. It includes sections on HIV, MDR-TB and a review of the recommended treatment regimens
As of 15 May 2020, more than 4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including more than 285,000 deaths have been reported to WHO. The risk of severe disease and death has been highest in older people and in persons with underlying noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, cardiac diseas ... more
Older people, and people of all ages with pre-existing medical conditions (such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, or cancer) appear to develop serious illness more often than others. Here's how you can protect yourself.
Foodborne trematode infections cause 2 million life years lost to disability and death worldwide every year. People become infected by eating raw fish, crustaceans or vegetables that harbour the parasite larvae. Foodborne trematodiases are most prevalent in East Asia and South America. Foodborne ... more
The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a collection of case studies titled "Stories from the Field," highlighting global efforts to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, heart, and ... more
Addressing comorbidities and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) is a crucial component of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s End TB Strategy. This WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 6: tuberculosis and comorbidities aims to su ... more
Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with rehabilitation needs related to the consequences of ventilatory support, and prolonged immobilization and bed rest. These may include: − Impaired lung function; − Physical deconditioning and muscle we ... more
This publication is based on the list of clinical interventions selected from clinical guidelines on prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, palliative care, monitoring and end of life care. This publication addresses medical devices for six types of cancer: breast, cervical, colorectal, leukem ... more
In this edition, the Antimicrobial Resistance chapter discusses the growing, dangerous trend of antimicrobial resistance and the potential catastrophic consequences on global health. The Nanomaterials chapter talks about this relatively new techno ... more
Map of Distribution of Paragonimiasis, worldwide latest year available. Foodborne trematodes are a group of diseases that include the parasites Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola and Paragonimus. These parasitic flukes have a complex life cycle involving diverse definitive hosts and one or two inte ... more
Map of Distribution of opisthorchiasis, worldwide, latest year available. Foodborne trematodes are a group of diseases that include the parasites Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola and Paragonimus. These parasitic flukes have a complex life cycle involving diverse definitive hosts and one or two i ... more
Map of Distribution of fascioliasis, worldwide, latest year available. Foodborne trematodes are a group of diseases that include the parasites Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola and Paragonimus. These parasitic flukes have a complex life cycle involving diverse definitive hosts and one or two inter ... more
Map of Distribution of clonorchiasis, worldwide. Foodborne trematodes are a group of diseases that include the parasites Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola and Paragonimus. These parasitic flukes have a complex life cycle involving diverse definitive hosts and one or two intermediate hosts. Foodbo ... more

Household air pollution - WHO

World Health Organisation (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the significant health risks associated with household air pollution, primarily resulting from the use of inefficient and polluting fuels and technolog ... more
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) or Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the 1st cause of death and disability worldwide. The term NCDs refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in long-term health ... more

Household air pollution - Key facts

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The WHO fact sheet on household air pollution highlights that around 2.1 billion people rely on solid fuels like wood and coal for cooking, using open fires or inefficient stoves. This leads to severe indoor air pollution, contributing to about 3.2 million premature deaths each year, including over ... more
The WHO fact sheet on household air pollution highlights that around 2.1 billion people rely on solid fuels like wood and coal for cooking, using open fires or inefficient stoves. This leads to severe indoor air pollution, contributing to about 3.2 million premature deaths each year, including over ... more
The WHO fact sheet on household air pollution highlights that around 2.1 billion people rely on solid fuels like wood and coal for cooking, using open fires or inefficient stoves. This leads to severe indoor air pollution, contributing to about 3.2 million premature deaths each year, including over ... more
The WHO fact sheet on household air pollution highlights that around 2.1 billion people rely on solid fuels like wood and coal for cooking, using open fires or inefficient stoves. This leads to severe indoor air pollution, contributing to about 3.2 million premature deaths each year, including over ... more
Opinión y análisis / Opinion and analysis Rev Panam Salud Publica 38(3), 2015; Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(4):375–80
The key areas covered are diagnosis, imaging, pathology, surgery, rehabilitation, palliative care and survivorship. It emphasizes a multi-disciplinary team approach which is paramount for quality cancer care. The specific cancers covered are breast, central nervous system, gastroint ... more
Accessed on 06.03.2022 Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sou ... more
Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the number one cause of death and disability in the world. The term NCDs refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in long-term health consequences and often ... more
Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the number one cause of death and disability in the world. The term NCDs refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in long-term health consequences and oft ... more
The term NCDs refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in long-term health consequences and often create a need for long-term treatment and care. These conditions include cancers, cardiovascular diseas ... more
The GOLD website is dedicated to providing comprehensive information on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It offers resources and guidelines for healthcare professionals and public health authorities to improve the diagnosis, management, ... more
The Knowledge Translation Unit is a group within the University of Cape Town’s Lung Institute and Department of Medicine who has worked on primary care programmes to strengthen provision of evidence-informed care in low-resources settings in South ... more
Although air pollution is well known to be harmful to the lung and airways, it can also damage most other organ systems of the body. It is estimated that about 500,000 lung cancer deaths and 1.6 mil ... more
The Pan African Thoracic Society is a major professional organization representing Lung Health in Africa. Africa carries a disproportionally high burden of respiratory morbidity and mortality relati ... more

Asbestos-related diseases in mineworkers: a clinicopathological study

Ndlovu, N.; Rees, D.; Murray, J.; et al. ERJ Open Research, part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) (2017) CC
This study compared clinical and autopsy findings for three asbestos-related diseases (asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer) in former asbestos mineworkers, and explored factors that influenced agreement between clinical and autopsy findings usi ... more
There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on ... more
This American Thoracic Society Statement was prepared by a Committee of the Scientific Assembly on Environmental and Occupational Health at the request of the American Lung Association Occupational ... more

A 20-year follow-up study on chronic respiratory effects of exposure to cotton dust

Wang, X-R.; Zhang, H-X.; Sun, B-X.; et al. European Respiratory Journal, part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) (2005) CC2
The article "A 20-year follow-up study on chronic respiratory effects of exposure to cotton dust" evaluates the long-term impact of cotton dust exposure on respiratory health. It followed a cohort of Chinese cotton and silk workers from 1981 to 2001 ... more
The2020 Focused Updates to the Asthma Management Guidelines: A Report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group was coordinated and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood In ... more
With Asthma Day coming up, Edrine Osteen Mukalazi sat down with Dr. Rebecca Nantanda to discuss "Closing the gap on #Asthma care for children on the Health Pot show." Leave on a comment and let us know whether this video has been educational for ... more
Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest infectious disease in most low- and middle-income countries, claiming more than 4,000 lives each day. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted people with pre-existing health conditions. People wi ... more
The pamphlet "Marijuana" explains the effects and risks of cannabis use. It describes THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis, which binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain, causing effects like relaxation, altered perception, and euphoria. Short-term effects include red eyes, hunger, and anx ... more
Myth: It’s better to ‘tough it out’ without taking asthma medication. The lungs do not get stronger or become better able to deal with asthma if a person tries to work through an attack without medication. In fact, the lung inflammation t ... more
Over 90% of the morbidity and mortality related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma occurs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to well documented factors including decreased access to screening, trained health ... more
Demographic and epidemiological transitions are changing the age structure of the population and the most common diseases. Non-communicable respiratory diseases are an increasing problem at both ends of the age range in low-income and middle-income countries. In children, who represent a large propo ... more
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of reduction, cessation, and resumption of smoking on cancer development. Methods The authors identified 893,582 participants who currently smoked, had undergone a health scr ... more

Early Warning Signs of COPD

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2023) CC2
The document titled "Early Warning Signs of COPD" from the American Lung Association outlines what COPD is, its risk factors, and the importance of recognizing early symptoms such as persistent cough, breathlessness, and frequent chest infections. I ... more
The document is an instructional guide in english on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prepara ... more
The document is an instructional guide in arabic on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, preparat ... more
The document is an instructional guide in Burmese on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prepara ... more
The document is an instructional guide in Portuguese on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prep ... more
The document is an instructional guide in somali on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, preparat ... more
The document is an instructional guide in Spanish on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prepara ... more
The document is an instructional guide by the American Lung Association on how to properly use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a valved holding chamber (spacer) and mask, specifically in Swahili. It provides step-by-step directions for preparing a ... more
The document provides step-by-step instructions for using a Flexhaler dry powder inhaler effectively. It emphasizes proper inhalation technique, including priming the device, loading a dose, and breathing correctly. It also advises users to rinse their mouth after use and highlights the importance o ... more

Global burden of asthma among children

Asher, I.; Pearce, N. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2014) CC
This journal provides information about the definition of Asthma, about its measurement in populations, the global burden of disease and the outcomes of childhood Asthma. It continues with the causes and treatment options of Asthma, followed by an outlook into the future.
Spirometry is required as part of the comprehensive evaluation of both adult and paediatric individuals with suspected or confirmed respiratory diseases and occupational assessments. It is used in the categorisation of impairment, grading of severity, assessment of potential progression and response ... more

Asthma in children under 5 years old

Annamali, M. National Asthma Education Programme (2024) CC2
Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways in the lungs. In asthma, the airways in the lung narrow due to swelling of the mucosa, increased mucus production, and spasm of the airways.
Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, as well as airway reversibility. The diagnosis of asthma in young children is limited by the inability to perform objective lung fu ... more
Asthma can be a serious disease, but if you understand the disease and take the right medication to control it, you should have no problems or symptoms due to your asthma, even when you are pregnant. To be free from asthma attacks, you should also check your ... more
The goal of asthma treatment is to obtain clinical control and reduce future risks to the patient. To reach this goal in children with asthma, ongoing monitoring is essential. While all components of asthma, such as symptoms, lung function, bronchia ... more
The pharmacological management of asthma has changed considerably in recent decades, as it has come to be understood that it is a complex, heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes and endotypes. It is now clear that the goal of asthma treatment should be to achieve and maintain control of the ... more
The pharmacological management of asthma has changed considerably in recent decades, as it has come to be understood that it is a complex, heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes and endotypes. It is now clear that the goal of asthma treatment should be to achieve and maintain control of the ... more
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease that requires differential diagnosis and proper classification to identify appropriate therapy. Nonpharmacologic therapy and preventative measures should be utilized to prevent worsening of disease, symptoms, and complications. The Gl ... more
Severe and difficult asthma in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) can relate to lack of availability of basic medications; potentially reversible factors such as poor adherence or comorbidities such as obesity inhibiting a good response to treatment; and (rarely) true severe, therapy-resistant ... more
These guidelines are designed for settings with limited resources to provide inexpensive and effective control strategies for prevention of TB transmission in health care workers (HCW).
2nd edition
This report outlines the Ministry of Health’s National Health Research Agenda in which it identifies research priorities in health. It will be im ... more
Accessed 4 March 2019.
7 May 2021
Clean and sustainable household energy and appliances, for cooking, heating and lighting can improve health, increase productivity, reduce poverty and protect the environment while addressing air pollution.
The Urban Health Initiative (UHI) goes beyond improving access to health care and promoting healthy behaviours, and focuses on how to build cities that enable and encourage good ... more
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have collectively remained the leading causes of death worldwide and substantially contribute to loss of health and excess health system costs. The Global Burden of Di ... more
This policy brief explores the impact of air pollution on health and address the air quality issue in the response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It also provides key actions that policy makers, NGOs and ... more
Air pollution is the top environmental threat to health in Europe. It leads to hundreds of thousands premature deaths per year and billions of Euros in health costs.
Recommended actions and international and national level
guidance for health managers, health workers, and activists
A desk guide for health facilities . It outlines a comprehensive approach to respiratory health, which health facilities can adapt and implement in ... more
This document is an evidence-based policy for the implementation of sound tuberculosis (TB) infection control by all stake- holders. It recommends a combination of measures aimed at reducing the risk of TB transmission within populations. The emphasis is on early and rapid diagnosis, and proper mana ... more
Facilitator's Guide. This guide is designed to assist facilitators in training community health workers (CHWs) and community volunteers (CVs) in integrating community-based TB services into their work. The training will help community workers who al ... more
This report, written in partnership with various Royal Medical Colleges and Public Health England, sets out the essential actions to improve the physical health of adults with severe mental illness ... more
SDG Factsheet: Health-focused urban design can roll back the epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), making cities a bedrock for healthy lifestyles – as well as climate-friendly and resilient. WHO’s new Urban ... more
Facebook posts shared thousands of times claim that holding your breath for more than 10 seconds is an effective test for the novel coronavirus, and that drinking water regularly can prevent the disease. The claims are false; the World Health Orga ... more
22 July 2022. This document provides the case definitions for public health surveillance of COVID-19 in humans caused by SARS-COV-2 infection.
July 2021
Preliminary fndings from a global survey of urban young people on the air they breathe and a child health co-benefts analysis of radical decarbonisation of 16 global cities.
WHO's Health in the Green Economy sector briefings examine the health impacts of climate change mitigation strategies considered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their Fourth Asse ... more
Air pollution is one of the world’s leading killers. Globally, air pollution causes some 7 million deaths annually from outdoor and household sources.
Outbreaks of mpox in newly affected countries have mostly been identified in communities of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men who have had recent sexual contact with a new partner or partners. Communities of trans and gender diverse people linked to the same sexual networks have also ... more
“We must not forget that no matter where we are or how old we are, we can all work for life and take action.” Francisco Vera, 15, UNICEF Child Advocate The Young Climate Activists toolkit was created by advocates of all ages who, like you, are deeply concerned about our planet's future. Havin ... more
The TB section of the toolkit presents selected (a) programmatic output and (b) outcome and impact indicators for TB. In addition to recommended monitoring programs and measuring the outcomes and impact of TB programs, indicators for the strengthening of h ... more
DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 115
The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health recognises that climate change is an existential threat to the health and wellbeing of children and young people. In October 2020, we joined nat ... more