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Publication Years
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Inequalities in maternal health care utilization in Benin: a population based cross-sectional study

Sanni Yaya , Olalekan A. Uthman, Agbessi Amouzou, Michael Ekholuenetale, Ghose Bishwajit BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2018) C2
Yaya et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2018) 18:194 Ensuring equitable access to maternal health care including antenatal, delivery, postnatal services and fertility control methods, is one o ... more
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Adolescent HIV Care and Treatment: A Training Curriculum for Health Workers - Trainer Manual (Introduction Section 1-3)

T. Colton; V. Allread; E. Abrams; et al. ICAP Columbia University (Mailman School of Public Health) (2012) C2
Trainer Manual Introduction (Section 1-3)
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Essential health care service disruption due to COVID-19: lessons for sustainability in Nigeria

AHOP National Centre based in Nigeria World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa (2022) C_WHO
The brief concludes that sustaining the continuity of EHS requires policies that ensure a whole-society and systems strengthening approach. This involves increased health care investment, community ... more
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Story of change in four countries Building capacity for integrating mental health care within health services across humanitarian settings

World Health Organization WHO; mGAP (2021) C_WHO
The world is facing an unprecedented range of emergencies. In reaction to these complex adversities, many people experience considerable distress and impairment, and a minority may even go on to develop mental health conditions. Meanwhile, those wit ... more
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Primary Health Care Network Guidelines

Kenya Ministry of Health (2021) C1
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Primary Health Care Systems (PRIMASYS) - Case Study from Kenya

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
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Development of primary health care nursing in Ukraine

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2021) C_WHO
Nurses play a key role in the provision of primary health care (‎PHC)‎ and the coordination and organization of medical care overall. Nurses ar ... more
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Digital Health Technologies, Virtual Care and Community-Based Monitoring Solutions for TB Programmes

Stop TB Partnership; WHO (2021) C_WHO
Information note
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Family planning and comprehensive abortion care toolkit for the primary health care workforce: volume 1

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
What are the FP and CAC competencies? Through the clear articulation of the family planning and comprehensive abortion care (FP and CAC) competencies for the primary health ... more
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Family planning and comprehensive abortion care toolkit for the primary health care workforce: volume 2

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
This document, Programme and curriculum development guide, presents a systematic approach to developing programmes and curricula for implementation of the family planning (FP) and comprehensive abortion care (CAC) competencies,and the theory behind ... more
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Primary health care and HIV: convergent actions - Policy considerations for decision-makers

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
The 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals call on countries to end AIDS as a public health threat and also to achieve universal health ... more
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Safe Management of Wastes from Health-Care Activities, 2nd. ed.
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO
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Indonesia: Pharmaceuticals in Health Care Delivery - Mission Report 10 - 23 July 2011

K. A. Holloway, World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) C_WHO
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Risk assessment and management of exposure of health care workers in the context of COVID-19

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) C_WHO
Interim guidance 19 March 2020
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Proper maternal nutrition during pregnancy planning and pregnancy: a healthy start in life. Recommendations for health care professionals – the experience from Latvia

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2017) C_WHO
Recommendations for health care professionals – the experience from Latvia
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A Decade of Destruction: Attacks on Health Care in Syria

Sider, R. , Buswell, M. , Al Salman, M. et al. International Rescue Committee, et al. (2021) CC
March 2021. “A Decade of Destruction: Attacks on health care in Syria,” highlights with chilling detail how this 10-year war strategy has turned hospitals from safe havens into no-go zones where ... more
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Challenges of sustainable mental health care and psychosocial support in low- and middle income countries

Petra G.H. Aarts War Trauma Foundation (2010)
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Antimicrobial stewardship programmes in health-care facilities in low- and middle-income countries. A WHO practical toolkit

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
Stewardship is defined as “the careful and responsible management of something entrusted to one’s care”. It was originally applied in the health- ... more
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Aleppo Abandoned: A Case Study on Health Care in Syria

Physicians for Human Rights (2015)
Report Shows Egregious Attacks on Health Care by Syrian Government Have Devastated Aleppo’s Medical System
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Guidelines for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Health Care Facilities in Resource-limited Settings

World Health Organization WHO (1999) C_WHO
These guidelines are designed for settings with limited resources to provide inexpensive and effective control strategies for prevention of TB transmission in health care workers (HCW).
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Interim Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus Haemorrhagic Fever in Health-Care Settings, with Focus on Ebola
recommended

World Health Organization (2014)
This document provides a summary of infection control recommendations when providing direct and non-direct care to patients with suspected or confirmed Filovirus haemorrhagic fever (HF), including Ebola or Marburg haemorrhagic fevers. These recommen ... more
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Context Analysis:Close-to- Community Health Care Service Providers in Bangladesh

M. SHOWKAT GANI, MAL ABIKA SARKER, BULBUL ASHRAF SIDDIQI, ILIA S MAHMUD,YAMIN TAUSEEF JAHANGIR, SA LLY THEOBALD, HERMEN ORM EL, SALAUDDIN BISWAS , KUHEL FAIZUL ISLAM, SUBORN A CAMELLIA, SABINA F AIZ RASHID Reachout Consortium (2014)
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Context Analysis: Close-to-Community Health Care Service Providers in Bangladesh

M. SHOWKAT GANI et al. Reach Out; European Union (2014) C1
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Confronting Commercialization of Health Care!

National Coordination Committee, Jan Swasthya Sabha (2000)
Towards the Peoples Health Assembly Book - 5
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International Maternal & Child Health Care - A practical manual for hospitals worldwide

Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International (MCAI) , Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG) Radcliffe (2015) C2
The purpose of adding the books to the website of MCAI for download, is to make this life-saving, up-to-date information available to all who need it. Fill in a short registration field and you can download the pdf-files. If you work in a hospital in a low income country - providing free ... more
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Ethiopian National Health Care Quality Strategy 2016-2020

Ministry of Health Ethiopia (2015) CC
Transforming the Quality of Health Care in Ethiopia
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Standards for improving quality of maternal and newborn care in health facilities
recommended

Bernadette Daelmans, Olufemi Oladapo, Özge Tuncalp et al World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO
The standards of care cover the routine care and management of complications occurring for women and their babies during labour, childbirth and the early postnatal period, including those of small b ... more
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Revitalizing Primary Health Care Country Experience: Nepal

Ministry of Health, Government of Nepal (2014) C1
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Joint WHO Meetings with Ministry of Health on Strengthening Emergency and Essential Surgical Care in Nepal

World Health Organisation (WHO), Ministry of Health Nepal (2004) C_WHO
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India: Confronting Commercialization of Health Care!

National Coordination Committee, Jan Swasthya Sabha (2000) C1
Towards the Peoples Health Assembly Book -5
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Diagnosis of convulsive epilepsy by non-specialist health care providers

World Health Organization WHO (2012) C_WHO
Q4: Can convulsive epilepsy be diagnosed at first level care by a non-specialist health care provider in low and middle income country settings?
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Barriers to accessing and receiving mental health care in Eastern Cape, South Africa

Isabell Schierenbeck, Peter Johansson, Lena M. C. Andersson, Dalena van Rooyen Health and Human Rights Journal (2013) C1
The right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health is enshrined in many international human rights treaties. However, studies have shown that people with mental disabilities are often marginalized and discrim ... more
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Age-friendly Primary Health Care (PHC) Centres Toolkit

World Health Organization WHO (2008) C_WHO
The toolkit's purpose is to: improve the primary health care response for older persons. sensitize and educate primary health ... more
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Understanding barriers to quality of care: an approach for conducting a situational analysis of water, sanitation and hygiene (‎WASH)‎ and quality in health care facilities

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
The availability of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in health care facilities, especially in maternity and primary-care settings wher ... more
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No respite: Violence against Health Care in Conflict

Safeguarding Health in Conflict, et al. (2021) CC
This report is documenting the global incidence of attacks and threats against health workers, facilities, and transport around the world. The report cites 806 incidents of violence against or obstruction of ... more
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Nursing Services Administrative Manual - Health Care & Diagnostic Division Department of Medical Services Ministry of Health 2018 -3rd Edition 2018

Pem Zam Ministry of Health Bhutan (2018) CC
This is the 3rd edition of the Nursing Service Standard manual and its contains nursing  professionals ethics, roles and responsibilities of nurses in delivering the nursing services. This edition of the nursing services, administrative manual has the revised activities of various nursing ac ... more
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National Guidelines for Health Care Waste Management in Ghana

Ministry of Health and Ministry of Environment Ghana (2019) CC
Ghana's attempt to regulate health care waste management started in 2002 with the development of guidelines on health ... more
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Fundamentals of health-care waste management

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2021) C_WHO
This section provides general information on HCW and key elements of management procedures that are essential to know before developing a HCWM plan.
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COVID-19 and Climate-smart Health Care: Health Sector Opportunities for a Synergistic Response to the COVID-19 and Climate Crises - World

The World Bank (2021) C2
English Analysis on World about Climate Change and Environment, Health and Epidemic; published on 03 Nov 2021 by World Bank
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Caring for those who care. Guide for the development and implementation of occupational health and safety programmes for health workers

World Health Organization WHO; ILO (2022) C_WHO
Occupational health and safety programmes aim to prevent diseases and injuries arising out of, linked with or occurring in the course of work, while improving the quality and safety of care, safegua ... more
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Access to health care for people with disabilities in rural Malawi: what are the barriers?

Harrison, J.A.K.; Thomson, R.; Banda, H.T. et al. BMC Public Health (2020) CC
People with disabilities experience significant health inequalities. In Malawi, where most individuals live in low-income rural settings, many of these inequalities are exacerbated by restricted access to ... more
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Engaging health and care workers in health emergencies: implementation toolkit

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
The active participation and engagement of health and care workers (‎HCWs)‎ in health emergency preparedness, readiness and response is crucial ... more
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Home visits versus fixed-site care by community health workers and child survival: a cluster-randomized trial, Mali

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
Despite recent global declines, under-five mortality remains high in many of the poorest countries. Barriers to timely quality care, including user fees, distance to facilities and the availability of trained ... more
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Improving The Quality And Efficiency Of Health Services In Kenya: A Practical Handbook for HIV Managers and Service Providers on Differentiated Care

Ministry of Health [Kenya], National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP) (2016) C1
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Safe management of wastes from health-care activities: A summary

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) CC
This document highlights the key aspects of safe health-care waste management in order to guide policy-makers, practitioners and facility managers to improve such services in ... more
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Assessing Facility Capacity, Costs of Care, and Patient Perspectives. Health Service Provision in Zambia

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); University of Zambia (2014) CC
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Packages of Interventions for Family Planning, Safe Abortion care, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health

WHO (2010)
Sexual and Reproductive Health
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Teacher's guide: Management of wastes from health-care activities

Pruess, A.; W.K. Townend World Health Organization WHO (1999) C_WHO
This Teacher’s Guide accompanies the WHO publication Management of wastes from health-care activities . It provides teaching materials and recommendations for a three day training course, designed ... more
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Strategy, responsiveness and preparedness of the Syrian health care system in the short, mid and long term

Ebens, B., E. Fosse, M. Niechzial, et al. World Health Organisation (WHO), Regional Office for Eastern Management (2016) C_WHO
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WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care

World Health Organization WHO (2009) C_WHO
First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health ... more
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Guidelines to Referral Health Care in Lebanon

UNHCR (2014)
The standard operating procedures (SOP) for referral care cover all the refugee populations living in Lebanon. These SOPs outline the policies and procedures for referral care in Lebanon, including ... more
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Logistics of Health Care Waste Management

USAID (2009) CC
Information and Approaches for developing Country Settings
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Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities: status in low and middle income countries and way forward.

Maria Neira, Edward Kelley, Mickey Chopra et al. World Health Organization, UNICEF (2015)
This report presents, for the first time, a global assessment of the extent to which health care facilities provide essential water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. Drawing on data from 54 l ... more
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Pharmacological treatment of mental disorders in primary health care

World Health Organization WHO (2009) CC
The manual contains basic principles of prescribing followed by chapters on medicines used in psychotic disorders; depressive disorders; bipolar disorders; generalised anxiety and sleep disorders; obsessive-compulsive disorders and panic attacks; and alcohol and opioid dependence
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Swaziland National Implementation Strategy: Improving Health Care Waste Management Systems

Ministry of Health. The Goverment of the Kingdom of Swaziland (2015) C1
Accessed 15th of October 2015
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National HIV Point-of-care testing generic implementation guideline for health care settings
recommended

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania (2016) CC
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Provisional considerations for the care of pregnant women in settings with high Zika virus circulation: document for health care professionals

Pan American Health Organization PAHO; World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas (2016) C_WHO
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Liberia: Basic Package for Mental Health Care Service

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Liberia (2010) C1
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Kenya National Guidelines for Safe Management of Health Care Waste

Ministry of Health, Kenya (2019) C1
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Integration of Infectious Disease Services with Antenatal Care Services at Health Facilities in Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania

Mallick L., Winter R., Wong W., et al. (2016) C1
DHS ANALYTICAL STUDIES 62
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National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India (2016) C1
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Human resources for primary health care in sub-Saharan Africa: progress or stagnation?

Willcox et al Human Resources for Health (2015) CC
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Framework for the engagement of all health care providers in the management of drug resistant tuberculosis

World Health Organization (2015) C_WHO
The END TB strategy
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Nigeria: Follow-up of Health Care Providers Trained on Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) Services

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2015) C2
POST TRAINING FOLLOW-UP TOOL
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The COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErs Study (HEROES): Regional Report from the Americas

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2022) C_WHO
The COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErs Study (HEROES): Regional Report from the Americas is a multicenter prospective cohort study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental ... more
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Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT): A practical guide for improving quality of care through water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
2nd edition WASH FIT is a risk-based, continuous improvement framework with a set of tools for undertaking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) improvements as part of wider quality improvements in health ... more
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Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
Updates for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) - Guideline. As part of its response to the global epidemic of obesity, WHO has issued guidelines to support primary healthcare workers identify and manage children who are overweight or obese. Specifically, all infants and children ... more
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Paying Primary Health Care Centers for Performance in Rwanda

Basinga, P., Gertler, P.J., Binagwaho, A., et al. The World Bank (2010) C2
Paying for performance (P4P) provides financial incentives for providers to increase the use and quality of care. P4P can affect health care by pro ... more
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Epilepsy care guidelines for low- and middle-income countries: From WHO mental health GAP to national programs

J. Katchanov; G. L. Birbeck BMC Medicine (2012) CC
BMC Medicine201210:107 https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-107© Katchanov and Birbeck; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Received: 10 July 2012Accepted: 24 September 2012Published: 24 September 2012 In 2011, the World Health Organization’s ... more
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WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: a summary

World Health Organization WHO (2009) C_WHO
Confronted with the important issue of patient safety, in 2002 the Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly adopted a resolution urging countries to pay the closest possible attention to the problem and to strengthen safety and monitoring systems. In May 2 ... more
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Mental health, human rights and standards of care
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Europe (2018) C_WHO
Assessment of the quality of institutional care for adults with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities in the WHO European Region. The specific objectives of the project were to address gaps in knowledge about the number and characteristics of ... more
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Access to Mental Health Care in Europe

Angelo Barbato, Martine Vallarino, Filippo Rapisarda, et al. European Union EU (2017) CC
Scientific Paper
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Infection prevention and control during health care when coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is suspected or confirmed
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO) (2021) C_WHO
Annex. This document is an update of a guidance published on 12 July 2021, after the review of new scientific evidence on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). It contains updated recommendations on the use of masks and respirators for hea ... more
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National Primary Health Care Development Agency: Preparedness and response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at primary healthcare and community level
recommended

Government of Nigeria (2020) C1
This document sets out the preparedness and response plan of the Nigerian Primary Health Care System for COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease. It outlines the planning scenarios, key areas of work and ... more
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COVID-19 and Violence Against Health-Care – Safer COVID-19 Response: Checklist for Health-Care Services

International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC (2020) C1
The Safer COVID-19 Response checklist has been produced for managers of health-care services, individual practitioners and health policymakers worr ... more
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Roadmap on human resource strategies to improve newborn care in health facilities in low- and middle-income countries

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Every year, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm – before 37 weeks of pregnancy. That is more than 1 in 10 live births. Approximately 1 million children die each year worldwide due to complications from their early birth. Those that survive often face a lifetime of ill- ... more
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Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Standards in Health Care Facilities, 11 May 2020

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2020) C_WHO
This technical note contains indicators and minimum standards necessary for emergency response in the following topics: quantity of water, access to water, quality of water, sanitation, hygiene, solid waste, cleaning and disinfection, as well as dosages for the preparation of solutions disinfectants ... more
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Standard Operation Procedure - for facility and equipment maintenance management in primary health care clinics in Iraq

UNAIDS et al. (2013) CC
USAID funded/ Primary Health Care Project in Iraq (PHCPI) in cooperation with Iraqi Ministry of Health (MOH) aims to promote Primary ... more
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Resource considerations for investing in hand hygiene improvement in health care facilities

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
Investment in all the drivers and facilitators of hand hygiene action in health care to ensure that it occurs at the point of care and other critic ... more
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Hand hygiene for all initiative: improving access and behaviour in health care facilities

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
The WHO and UNICEF-led Hand Hygiene for All Initiative aims at ensuring implementation for WHO's global recommendations on hand hygiene to prevent and control COVID-19 pandemic, and hand hygiene improvement sustainability in countries as a mainstay of wider infection prevention and control (IPC) and ... more
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Women’s Access to Health Care in Afghanistan

Human Rights Watch (2021) CC
Over the past two decades, Afghanistan has depended on international donor support to fund essential services like health care. But this donor support has been falling for years and will likely to c ... more
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National Antimicrobial Stewardship Guidelines for Health Care Settings in Kenya

Kenya Ministry of Health (2020) C1
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Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climate

Robin G. and J. Balbus (2014) CC
Best Practices Report.PART 1 Primary Protection: Enhancing Health Care Resilience for a Changing Climatei Primary Protection: EnhancingU.S. Department of ... more
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Strategic purchasing for nutrition in primary health care

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
This document provides an overview of strategic purchasing of nutrition services within primary health care. It introduces key terms and payment methods for countries to use in preparing to transfor ... more
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Scabies epidemiology in health care centers for refugees and asylum seekers in Greece

Louka, C.; Logothetis, E.; Engelman, D. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2022) CC
Scabies is a global health concern disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as refugees and asylum seekers. Greece is a main point of entry in Europe for refugees, but epidemiological data on scabies in this population are scarce. We ... more
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Responding to aid volatility: government spending on district health care in Zambia 2006–2017

Jacksona, A.; Forsberg, B.; Chansa, C.; Sundewall, J. (2020) CC
A corruption event in 2009 led to changes in how donors supported the Zambian health system. Donor funding was withdrawn from the district basket mechanism, originally designed to pool donor and government financing for primary ... more
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Toolkit for implementation of the WHO intrapartum care and immediate postnatal care recommendations in health-care facilities

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
This toolkit was developed to provide detailed information and resources to support implementation of the WHO intrapartum and immediate postnatal care recommendations at the health- ... more
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A Matter of Life and Death: Tackling Violence against Health Care in Pakistan, Peru and El Salvador

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (2017) C1
Every day, health-care providers are being attacked, patients discriminated against, ambulances held up at checkpoints, hospitals bombed, medical supplies looted and entire communities cut off from ... more
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Integrating the response to mental disorders and other chronic diseases in health care systems

World Health Organization World Health Organization (2014) C_WHO
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Protocol for assessment of potential risk factors for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection among health care workers in a health care setting
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
This is a case-ascertained prospective investigation of all identified health care contacts working in a health ... more
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Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Health Care Settings

Ministry of Health, Kenya (2020) C2
Accessed: 02.05.2020 These interim IPC recommendations for health settings have been developed through the contributions of many individuals and institutions, such as the Centers for Disease Control-Kenya; ITECH; US Agency for International Develop ... more
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Training Needs Assessment of Health Workers on Health Care Waste Management in Kenya

UNDP (2018) CC
This report contains the results of an in-depth Training Needs Assessment (TNA) of Health Workers in the 4 project counties of the republic of Kenya – Nakuru, Kisumu, Nairobi and Bungoma. The assessment, facilitated by the UPOPs Project in close c ... more
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Guidelines for the prevention, surveillance and management of COVID-19 infection among health care workers in Zimbabwe

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2022) C_WHO
The Guidelines for the Prevention, Surveillance and Management of COVID-19 Infection amongst Health Care Workers (HCW) in Zimbabwe were developed to prevent, detect and manage HCW COVID-19 infection ... more
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Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2002)
Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force
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Nigeria: Strategies for Strengthening the Secondary Health Care (SHC) Delivery Service

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2005) C1
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Good Practices in strengthening health systems for the prevention and care of Tuberculosis and drug-resistant Tuberculosis

World Health Organization, Europe (2016) C_WHO
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Practical Guidelines for Infection Control in Health Care Facilities
recommended

Manju Vatsa, Duangvadee Sungkhobol, Sudarshan Kumari, et al. WHO Western Pacific, Manila, and WHO South-East Asia, New Delhi (2004)
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Laboratory Waste Management Guidelines. Proper management of health care risk waste derived from a laboratory environment

Ministry of Health. The Goverment of the Kingdom of Swaziland (2013) C1
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Task-Shifting and Task-Sharing (TSTS) Policy for Essential Health Care Services in Nigeria

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2014) C1
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Management, control and prevention of tuberculosis - Guidelines for health care providers

Prof. C. Abobltins, L. Brown, Prof N. Curtis, et al. Department of Health & Human Services; State Goverment Victoria (2015) C2