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Chapter 8, Prison and Health, published
NSP Review Engaging with South Africa’s National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB Edition 7 July – August 2013 A publication of the Treatment Action Campaign and SECTION27 GeneXpert: An imperfect rollout TB in South African prisons: Where to now? Decentralising DR-TB care: How far alon ... more
"This document has been developed for outpatient oncology facilities to serve as a model for a basic infection control and prevention plan. It contains policies and procedures tailored to these settings to meet minimal expectations of patient protections as described in the CDC Guide to Infecti ... more
ECDC Technical Report, Fourth Update 3 July 2020
This document provides guidance on the application of non-pharmaceutical countermeasures to minimise the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the population. Some of the measures proposed refer specifically to certain phases of the epidemic (containment or mitigation phases), and can ... more
The aim of this document is to support public health preparedness planning with regard to personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in healthcare settings where patients suspected or confirmed to have been infected with the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV are being treated.
On the 31st December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) China country office reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China now known to be caused by a novel virus. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed as the causative v ... more
The information contained in this document, be it guidelines, recommendations, diagnostic algorithms or treatment regimens, are offered in this document in the public interest. To the best of the knowledge of the guideline writing team, the information contained in these guidelines is correct. Imple ... more
Overview • How are diseases transmitted from person to person? • What are the principles of infection prevention and control • What IPC measures are other countries / organisations recommending for the transport industry/workers? • How can we apply this knowledge to protect us while w ... more
Accessed: 16.04.2020
In the current absence of vaccine for COVID-19, public health response target breaking the chain of infection by focusing on the mode of transmission. This paper summarizes current evidence-base around the transmission dynamics, pathogenic, and clinical features of COVID-19, to critically identify i ... more
Presentation on PPE and standard precautions
The purpose of this document is to address specific needs and considerations for essential oral health services in the context of COVID-19 in accordance with WHO operational guidance on maintaining essential health services. This interim guidance is intended for public health authorities, chief dent ... more
This document simplifies the WHO guidance on severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) treatment centres and is meant to be accessible to healthcare workers, policymakers and others who want a quick overview of the key requirements for a COVID-19 isolation centre either within an existing facility ... more
This document provides interim guidance on the prevention, identification and management of health worker infection in the context of COVID-19. It is intended for occupational health departments, infection prevention and control departments or focal points, health facility administrators and public ... more
These guidelines outline the minimum operational guidance for infection prevention and control (IPC) in ambulances transferring suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Ambulance staff should be trained in the procedures outlined here as part of their induction and prior to starting work. They are ... more
The first update of the ECDC ventilation guidance document contains: key new findings that emphasise four bundles of NPIs to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in closed spaces; updated references on the evidence of transmission in closed spaces; recommendations based on the n ... more
interim Guidance 1 December 2020. Updated version This document provides updated guidance on mask use in health care and community settings, and during home care for COVID-19 cases. It is intended for policy makers, public health and infection prevention and control professionals, health care manag ... more
Временные руководящие принципы 1 декабря 2020 года. Обновленная версия В этом документе представлено обновленное руководство по использованию масок в медицинских ... more
This report offers a summary of the provided support and recommendations on priority activities for IPC improvement at national and facility levels. The COVID-19 pandemic spotlighted areas for improvement in the IPC programme at national and facility levels. Improvements in the IPC programme were ac ... more
29 Dec 2021. Comprehensive slideset updated regularly to include the latest data and guidance on best practices for COVID-19 diagnosis and prevention of COVID-19 transmission.
COVID-19 is a pandemic that is currently ravaging the world. Infection rate is steadily increasingin Sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women and their infants may suffer severe illnesses due to theirlower immunity. This guideline prepares and equips clinicians working in the maternal and new-born section ... more
Combined questionnaire Core
In the light of the transmissibility of coronaviruses, and the global experience with MERS-CoV (ongoing) and SARS in 2003 which were also caused by coronaviruses, South African authorities have compiled this guideline document to support surveillance, case finding, diagnosis, management and public h ... more
Cases of human monkeypox are rarely seen outside of west and central Africa. There are few data regarding viral kinetics or the duration of viral shedding and no licensed treatments. Two oral drugs, brincidofovir and tecovirimat, have been approved for treatment of smallpox and have demonstrated eff ... more

Caregiver: Standard precautions

Henninger, B.; and S. Mauder The MEDBOX Team (2022) CC
Issue Brief 28: Cargiver Toolbox Part 2 A collection of important documents from the category "Standard precautions", including hand hygiene, waste management, infection and prevention control (IPC) measures.

Burden of fungal asthma in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kwizera, R.; Musaazi, J.; Meya, D.B.; et al. PLOS ONE, which is part of the Public Library of Science (PLOS) (2019) CC2
Asthma is one of the neglected diseases in Africa with a high prevalence. Allergic fungal diseases have been reported to complicate asthma progression and treatment outcomes. However, data about fungal asthma and its associated complications are limited in Africa. We aimed to estimate the burden of ... more
Issue Brief No. 40 provides healthcare professionals with the most relevant treatment guidelines, prevention measures and training material on MVD
“We must not forget that no matter where we are or how old we are, we can all work for life and take action.” Francisco Vera, 15, UNICEF Child Advocate The Young Climate Activists toolkit was created by advocates of all ages who, like you, are deeply concerned about our planet's future. Havin ... more
Advance copy.
Important Guideline for Ebola prevention and control It is designed for the following uses: - for prevention through preparedness--to help African health facilities make advance preparations for responding with appropriate precautions when a VHF (including Ebola) case is suspected. - for pl ... more
A training course for Vasectomy Providers and Assistants 2nd Edition
of highly contagious viruses (of the Ebola or Marburg type) in the context of an epidemic outbreak in West Africa

Response to Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

Vitillo, B. Caritas Internationalis (2014)
Guidelines for planning and provision of pastoral and social support services
A tutorial for healthcare professionals
mBio, Vol. 6 Issue 2, March/April 2015 Available evidence demonstrates that direct patient contact and contact with infectious body fluids are the primary modes for Ebola virus transmission, but this is based on a limited number of studies. In this review, the authors address what we know and what ... more
Strengthening Parmaceutical Systems. 2nd edition
After Workplace exposures and Sexual Assault | DIRECTORATE: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES | DIVISION: PUBLIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH | SUB-DIVISION: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
Guidelines for social mobilization TB and poverty; TB and children; TB and women; TB, migrants and refugees; TB and prisons WHO/CDS/STB/2001.9 Original: English; Distribution: Limited
Global Plan to end TB 2016-2020

Tuberculosis - A manual for medical students

N. Ait-Khaled, D. Enarson World Health Organization; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (1999) C_WHO
WHO/CDS/TB/99.272
Key popupations brief.
Journal of Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine 6: 326. doi:10.4172/2161-105X.1000326
The Wits Justice Project HIV Nursing Matters / page 30-33 / June 2015 Source: Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV in Arrested, Detained and Sentenced Persons, 2008.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports: July 7, 2006 / Vol. 55 / No. RR-9
13280–13285 / PNAS / September 9, 2008 / vol. 105 / no. 36
Federal Bureau of Prisons Clinical Practice Guidelines January 1010
June, 2016
A fact sheet from the National Academies and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security on human pathogens, biotoxins and agricultural threats
"The aim of this book remains as for the first edition, namely to provide an initial point of ready reference for the identification of hazards and precautions for dangerous chemicals. It is targeted not only at those in the chemical and process industries, but also anyone likely to work with che ... more
Final Draft narrative December 6, 2012 - This strategic plan, developed through the joint collaboration of all stakeholders in the different sectors is aimed at harnessing and bringing together all the stakeholders who have a role in the prevention, detection and management of epidemic and infectiou ... more
Fact Sheet, May 2018. Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus (it is transmitted from animals to humans) and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic (subclinical) infection to acute respiratory ... more
Accessed: 13.10.2019
Antimicrobials are widely used in food animal production, and use is rapidly increasing. In an era of growing demand for animal products, there is an increasing trend towards the industrial production of food animals, especially in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). One hallmark of this me ... more
1st edition This resource provides practical guidance for front line health workers responsible for the diagnosis, management and care of patients with these two diseases. Published in collaboration with the World Diabetes Foundation
This is a case-ascertained prospective investigation of all identified health care contacts working in a health care facility in which a laboratory confirmed 2019-nCoV infected patient (see 2.2 Study population) receives care. Note that this study can be done in health care facilities at all 3 level ... more
Annex. This document is an update of a guidance published on 12 July 2021, after the review of new scientific evidence on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). It contains updated recommendations on the use of masks and respirators for health workers providing care to suspected or c ... more
This guideline covers making people aware of how to correctly use antimicrobial medicines (including antibiotics) and the dangers associated with their overuse and misuse. It also includesmeasures to prevent and control infection that can stop people needing antimicrobials or spreadinginfection to o ... more
Outline • Welcome and objectives • Microbiology, epidemiology and clinical presentation • Surveillance for imported cases including case definitions • Laboratory diagnosis • Infection prevention and hospital readiness • Patient flow and actions required at each step • Co-ord ... more

Guidelines on Clinical Management of COVID – 19

Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division) Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division) (2020) C2
17th March 2020
Scientific Brief 9 July 2020
Accessed: 06.04.2020
Accessed: 02.05.2020 These consolidated guidelines provide recommendations for comprehensive prevention and case management strategies in Kenya Scope of the Guidelines: Infection prevention and control Patient triage Emergency Medical Services Case management Laboratory testing algorithm Target ... more
Accessed: 02.05.2020 These interim IPC recommendations for health settings have been developed through the contributions of many individuals and institutions, such as the Centers for Disease Control-Kenya; ITECH; US Agency for International Development (USAID) Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceu ... more
Nested case-control study of health workers exposed to confirmed COVID-19 patients. Similar objectives to the cohort study but case-control studies may be cheaper and provide robust evidence to characterize and assess the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers exposed to COVID-19 p ... more
The WHO COVID-19 Clinical management: living guidance contains the Organization’s most up-to-date recommendations for the clinical management of people with COVID-19. Providing guidance that is comprehensive and holistic for the optimal care of COVID-19 patients throughout their entire illness is ... more
This curricula guide builds on several existing products of WHO and partners, aimed at supporting countries in their effort to address the first objective of the GAP-AMR (to improve awareness and understanding of AMR). It is targeted specifically at health educators and policy planners, and applies ... more
This guide contains recommendations for health and safety practices and approaches to COVID-19 prevention, based on materials developed by many organisations.
his guidance details basic decontamination principles and procedures that should be followed to decontaminate the physical environment in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Surface contamination and transmission risk all differ by the type of setting and the volume of p ... more
Updated July 3, 2020
BUKO Pharma-Kampagne has investigated the causes and consequences of antibiotic resistance in India, South Africa, Tanzania and Germany. Together with our partners we collected data and did interviews with numerous stakeholders. The outcome is presented in a brochure that is now available in English ... more
Short Version This clinical practice guideline was developed in order to provide recommendations for the management of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICUs).
N95 or equivalent respirators are single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) designed for use by health workers that provide direct care to patients with diseases transmitted by aerosols or during aerosol generating procedures (AGP) for patients with acute respiratory disease, as is the case of ... more
In the strategies for effective infection prevention and control (IPC), what does triage entail at hospitals? Triage includes screening at the entrance, identification of cases and isolation if necessary. There should be a triage (screening) area where visitors to the hospital are interviewed using ... more
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are public health measures that aim to prevent and/or control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community. As long as there is no effective and safe vaccine to protect those at risk of severe COVID-19, NPI are the most effective public health interventions against ... more
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic levels; Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent a vulnerable population when suffering from COVID-19; Patien ... more
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 4 December 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e2
Blended Learning Modulef or the Health Extension Programme In this study session, you will learn about the general features of faeco-oraldiseases: the main types commonly found in Ethiopia, their general symptomsand signs, how to treat mild cases and when to refer patients with severeconditions for ... more
Reports of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms are increasing globally, threatening to render existing treatments ineffective against many infectious diseases. In Africa, AMR has already been documented to be a problem for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the pathogens that cause mala ... more