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This working paper was conceived to offer practical tips and suggestions on how to establish and sustain the multisectoral coordination needed to develop and implement National Action Plans on AMR (NAPs). It is intended for anyone with responsibility for addressing AMR at country level. Drawing on b ... more
This paper was developed to support AMR coordination committees and others tasked with addressing AMR at country level to do just that. Drawing on the published literature and the operational experience and expertise of different LMICs, the paper points to six key strategies for success and offers a ... more
WHO-2019-nCoV-genomic_sequencing
Driving progress towards rabies elimination: Results of Gavi’s Learning Agenda on rabies and new WHO position on rabies immunization
For thousands of years, humans have been using wildlife for commercial and subsistence purposes. Wildlife trade takes place at local, national and international levels, with different forms of wildlife, such as live animals, partly processed products and finished products. Wildlife is a vital source ... more
Quarta Edição. Esta quarta edição do manual se baseia no esquema de avaliação de risco apresentado na terceira edição. Uma avaliação completa, baseada em evidências e transparente dos riscos permite que as medidas de segurança sejam equilibradas com o risco real de trabalhar com agentes ... more
Early detection, assessment and response to acute public health events:
The report focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR) in common bacterial pathogens. There is a major gap in knowledge about the magnitude of this problem. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective revention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, para ... more
These guidelines present evidence-based recommendations and best practice statements on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, based on the WHO list of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (WHO CIA List). These guidelines aim primarily to help preserve ... more
Vaccins antirabiques: Note de synthèse de l’OMS – avril 2018
Weekly epidemiological record / Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire
20 APRIL 2018, 93th YEAR / 20 AVRIL 2018, 93e ANNÉE
2016-2018 Early implementation, This report presents 2015 data on the consumption of systemic antibiotics from 65 countries and areas, contributing to our understanding of how antibiotics are used in these countries. In addition, the report documents early efforts of the ... more
Fact Sheet, May 2018. Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus (it is transmitted from animals to humans) and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic (subclinical) infection to acute respiratory ... more
The WHO country office for Ghana, began the year 2019 with a 4-day staff retreat at the Busua Beach Resort in the Western Region from 04 to 08 March 2019. The theme for the retreat was ‘Impacting the Health and Lives of the people of Ghana through ... more
9 June 2021 Since its launch, GLASS has expanded in scope and coverage and as of May 2021, 109 countries and territories worldwide have enrolled in GLASS. A key new component in GLASS is the inclusion of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) surveillance at the national level highlighted in this fourth G ... more
This Tailoring Antimicrobial Resistance Programmes (‎TAP)‎ process assists Member States in initiating and undertaking projects to address the spread of antimicrobial resistance (‎AMR)‎ in their countries. AMR is a complex problem requiring unique, context-specific solutions. This TAP Toolbo ... more
The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is posing a threat to human health. Putting resources into the containment of AMR – including surveillance – is one of the highest-yield investments a country can make to mitigate its impact ... more
FAO and WHO jointly developed a comprehensive tool to assist Member states in assessing the effectiveness of national food control system. The FAO/WHO Food Control System Assessment Tool comprises 162 assessment criteria under 25 system competencies over 4 Dimensions. This introductory booklet is de ... more
The Strategy provides a high-level unifying framework to leverage existing capacities, address barriers and strengthen the use of genomic surveillance in the detection, monitoring and response to public health threats. Genomic surveillance is part o ... more
This manual for trainers outlines the information and materials required to undertake training in line with the WASH FIT Guide, including background documents, the content of the recommended training modules and training evaluation approaches. The modular approach outlined enables trainers to decide ... more
WHO Technical Series 971
Monkeypox is an emerging viral zoonosis with symptoms similar to those observed in smallpox patients, although less severe. Since the global eradication of smallpox in 1980, monkeypox has emerged as the most important orthopoxvirus in humans. The Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research (ACVVR) ... more
The main purpose of the meeting was to review tsetse control tools, activities and their contribution to the elimination of gHAT and the monitoring thereof. Seven endemic countries provided reports on recent and ongoing vector control interventions at the national level (Angola, Cameroon, Côte d’ ... more
Burden of T. solium: Neurocysticercosis is a disease induced by T. solium larvae penetrating human tissues, especially the nervous system. Neurocysticercosis burdens economies, societies and individuals because of the impact of epilepsy on wages, health ... more
Le présent document a été élaboré pour aiderles comités de coordination RAM et d’autres comités chargés de la RAM au niveau des pays àparvenir à cet objectif. S’appuyant sur la littérature publiée ainsi que sur l’expérience opérationnelle et l’expertise de différents PRFI, le ... more
L’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé, tenue en mai 2015, a adopté un Plan d’action mondial pour combattre la résistance aux antimicrobiens, qui définit 5 objectifs: mieux faire connaître et comprendre le problème de la résistance aux antimicrobiens grâce à une communication, une éduc ... more
En mayo de 2015, la 68.a Asamblea Mundial de la Salud reconoció la importancia del problema de salud pública que supone la resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM) y adoptó un Plan de acción mundial sobre la resistencia a los antimicrobianos (en adelante, el ‘Plan de ... more
El objetivo de esta publicación es ofrecer un enfoque práctico y gradual para la aplicación de los planes de acción nacionales sobre la RAM en el sector de la salud humana; y proporcionar un proceso y una recopilación de las herramientas existentes de la OMS para priorizar, costear, aplicar, su ... more
Le Cadre d’action régional vise à aider les États Membres, l’OMS et tous les autres donateurs et partenaires à travailler ensemble pour remédier systématiquement et progressivement aux diverses faiblesses relevées dans les principaux domaines programmatiques et/ou de contribuer à renforc ... more

56th directing council - 70th session of the regional committee of WHO for the Americas

Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization (Americas); Observatorio Regional de Recursos Humanos de Salud (2018) C_WHO
Washington, D.C., USA, 23-27 September 2018 Provisional Agenda Item 4.6 CD56/10, Rev. 1 31 August 2018 Original: Spanish
Textes du Codex concernant la résistance aux antimicrobiens d’origine alimentaire Textos del Codex sobre la resistencia a los antimicrobianos transmitida por los alimentos Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health conce ... more
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with epidemic potential, especially after a heavy rainfall, caused by a bacterium called Leptospira. Leptospira interrogans is pathogenic to humans and animals, with more than 200 serologic variants or serovars. Humans usually acquire leptospirosis through dire ... more
Este documento brinda orientación adicional para el uso responsable y prudente de los antimicrobianos en los animales productores de alimentos y debería leerse junto con el Código Internacional Recomendado de Prácticas para la Regulación del Uso de Medicamentos Veterinarios CAC/RCP 38-1993. Su ... more
The threat posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to public health as well as global health security has been reiterated in umerous World ... more
This document provides additional guidance for the responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and should be read in conjunction with the Recommended International Code of Practice for Control of the Use of Veterinary Drugs CAC/RCP 38-1993. Its obj ... more
Antimicrobial Resistance can effect us all! Take action now
La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM, utilizado también como equivalente de "resistente a los antimicrobianos en este documento) constituye un importante motivo de preocupación mundial en el ámbito de la salud pública y un problema para la inocuidad de los alimentos. Cuando l ... more
The Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT) presents a framework and acts as a guide to support multisectoral action to improve water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in health ... more
La résistance aux antimicrobiens (ou RAM, cette abréviation étant est ici également employée en mode adjectif pour désigner les organismes « résistants aux antimicrobiens ») est une préoccupation majeure pour la santé publique mondiale et une question de sécurité san ... more
This document provides additional guidance for the responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and should be read in conjunction with the Recommended International Code of Practice for Control of the Use of Veterinary Drugs CAC/RCP 38-1993. Its objectives are to minimize ... more
Reports of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms are increasing globally, threatening to render existing treatments ineffective against many infectious diseases. In Africa, AMR has already been documented to be a problem for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the pathogens that cause mala ... more

WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies. 3rd report

Abela-Ridder, B. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2018) C_WHO
WHO TRS N°1012. Key updates include: (i) surveillance strategies, including cross-sectoral linking of systems and suitable diagnostics; (ii) the latest recommendations on human and animal immunization; (iii) palliative care in lowresource setting ... more
In 2015, to advance the global and national response to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the World Health Assembly issued resolution WHA68.7 calling for all Member States to develop AMR national acti ... more
Organización Mundial de la Salud, Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura & Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal. (‎2021)‎. La resistencia a los antimicrobianos y el marco de cooperación de las Naciones U ... more
This short paper aims to identify key evidence gaps in our knowledge of livestock- and fisheries-linked antimicrobial resistance in the developing world, and to document on-going or planned research initiatives on this topic by key stakeholders. Th ... more
Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) is a form of TB in people predominantly caused by the bacterial species, Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex. The implications of zoonotic TB go beyond human health. The organism ... more
The animal health subsector within the agriculture sector is the gatekeeper of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock, aquaculture, animal pro ... more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to human and animal health and refers to the ability of microorganisms to defy the medicines prescribed. For instance when antibiotics are used improperly, ... more
As the number of transboundary pest and animal and foodborne disease outbreaks rises, so does the number of people who are chronically hungry due to these and other factors. The correlation can be explained by the link between our ... more
Antimicrobials play a critical role in treatment of terrestrial and aquatic food producing animals and plants, helping to assure food safety and quality, animal health and welfare and farmer livelih ... more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is occurring everywhere in the world, compromising the ability to treat infectious diseases, as well as undermining many other advances in health and medicine. Underly ... more
Infectious diseases cause over one billion human infections per year, with millions of deaths each year globally. Extensive health and financial burden is seen from both established and emerging infectious diseases. Infectious diseases also affect p ... more
The present National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with component of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) covering both human and agriculture sectors was developed based on the World Health ... more
Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms are increasing globally, threatening to render existing treatments ineffective against many infectious diseases. In Africa, AMR has already been documented to be a problem for HIV and the pathogens that cause malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid, cholera, meningitis ... more
This Manual covers all important aspects of echinococcosis, including parasite biology and life-cycles, geographic distribution and prevalence, epidemiology, clinical presentation in humans and animals, diagnosis and treatment, as well as control and prevention using newly developed tools and method ... more
Deeply concerned by the morbidity and mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the negative impacts on physical and mental health and social well-being, the negative impacts on economies and societies and the consequent exacerb ... more
A multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaboration, through a One Health approach is required to effectively prepare for, detect, assess, and respond to emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases. However, external and internal ... more
The Quadripartite organizations have developed the One Health Priority Research Agenda for AMR report, this is a joint initiative to assist in directing and catalysing scientific interest and financial investments for the priority research agenda ac ... more
Multiple pandemics, numerous outbreaks, thousands of lives lost and billions of dollars of national income wiped out—all since the turn of this century, in barely 17 years—and yet the world’s investments in pandemic preparedness and response r ... more

National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance/Afghanistan

Ministry of Public Health, Afghanistan Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2017) C2
AMR is one of the Key priority of the global health security agenda action package, as well as it is one of the commitments of Ministry of Public Health Afghanistan to combat AMR. In Afghanistan bec ... more
Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis that threatens a century of progress in health and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. There is no time to wait. Unless the world acts urgen ... more
dades infecciosas. Los antimicrobianos eficaces son imprescindibles para las medidas preventivas y curativas, para proteger a los pacientes frente a enfermedades potencialmente mortales y para garantizar que se puedan llevar a cabo procedimientos complejos, como la cirugía y la quimioterapia, con e ... more
In an ambitious new era for health development under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, WHO and its partners have a solid foundation of success on which to build. Health plays a fundament ... more
The goals and objectives of the Sudan National Action Plan on AMR can only be achieved through implementing strategic interventions and activities with all concerned ministries and departments joining hands with other stakeholders to collaboratively tackle these challenges.
The strategic plan reflects shared commitments to enhance collaboration between environmental, animal (wildlife and domestic) and human health, and building new One ... more
The GHS Index is intended to be a key resource in the face of increasing risks of high-consequence and globally catastrophic biological events and in light of major gaps in international financing for preparedness. These risks are magnified by a rapidly changing and interconnected ... more
Climate change, increasing population densities, and intensified globalisation in trade, travel and migration are among the most important factors shaping the 21st century. Each impacts upon population health and the risk of infectious disease, part ... more
To understand the national situation, Ethiopia did a situation assessment, launched its first strategy in 2011, and took action to contain AMR, as detailed in the blue boxes found throughout this strategy. This updated version of the strategy was in response to the revised ... more
Combatting the rising global threat of AMR through a One Health Approach
This manual will contribute directly to the fourth focus area of the FAO Action Plan by promoting the prevention of infections and the prudent use of antibiotics in the pig and poultry sectors. The pig and poultry sectors are addressed together, as these sectors generally have the highest use of ant ... more
The Global Health Security Agenda programme develops national capacity to prevent zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases while quickly and effectively detecting and controlling diseases when they do emerge. The Emerging Pandemic Threats programme improv ... more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern and a food safety issue. When pathogens become resistant to antimicrobial agents they can pose a greater human health risk as ... more
A role for nuclear techniques Antimicrobials play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of micro ... more
The increasing global trend of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has gradually emerged as a major public health challenge for the entire world. AMR has spread to almost all countries and regions, inclu ... more
The objectives of NAP are aligned with the global action plan based on national needs and priorities. The emphasis is on One Health approach with all sectors especially human health, ... more
A regional guide for governments in Asia and the Pacific to review, update and develop policies to address antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in animal production
To guide One Health capacity building efforts in the Republic of Guinea in the wake of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, we sought to identify and assess the existing systems and structures for zoonotic disease detection and contro ... more
This technical report presents the epidemiology of human and animal leishmaniases in the EU and its neighbouring countries and concludes that the disease remains widespread and underreported in many countries of southern Europe, northern Africa, and ... more
Antimicrobials are precious agents for combating infectious diseases and had saved millions of lives throughout the world. However, the current trend of increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global ... more
Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) poses a serious threat to human, animal and environmental health. Implementing ethical practice guidelines on how to use antimicrobials effectively a ... more
This situation analysis has gathered information about the current state of AMR, contributing factors and antimicrobial use in Zimbabwe from the human, animal, agricultural and environmental sectors. Data has been gathered from different sectors suc ... more
Desse modo, o Plano de Ação Nacional para Prevenção e Controle da Resistência aos Antimicrobianos do Brasil (PAN-BR) foi elaborado em convergência com os objetivos definidos pela aliança tripartite entre a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alime ... more
Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment, Epidemiology and Prevention
Rabies is a devastating and societally important zoonotic disease, which is transmitted principally to humans through the bite of infected dogs. This acute, progressive viral encephalitis has the highest case fatality of any infectious disease and kills tens of thousands of people annually, with chi ... more
BMZ Paper 1

Planetary Health Basics

Liebau, L. The MEDBOX Team (2022) CC
Issue Brief No. 29: Planetary Health is an interdisciplinary academic collective of many scientific disciplines. In addition to the fields of environmental and social sciences, that of human health ... more
The climate crisis has many consequences – among them widespread health impacts that will lead to immense societal, ecological, and economic harm. Over the past two decades multiple large-scale reviews on climate change and ... more
Annals of Global Health, 87(1), p.30. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2647
Antimicrobials are widely used in food animal production, and use is rapidly increasing. In an era of growing demand for animal products, there is an increasing trend towards the industrial product ... more

Ways out of the global health crisis

Seitz, K. Misereor, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum GPF (2021) C1
Healthy people, healthy animals and a healthy environment worldwide with the One Health approach. The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically demonstrated just how close the link is between humans, animals, and the environment, and has highlighted and ag ... more