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Interim guidance on COVID-19 Rapid Antigen self-testing to African Union Member States

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) C1

This guidance addresses rationale, risk-based scenarios, practical considerations prior to adoption of the self-testing products, quality assurance, safety and ethical considerations, and data management considerations for COVID-19 self-testing. The Africa CDC recommends the use of rapid antigen sel... more

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African Union Health Information Exchange Guidelines and Standards

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The application of digital health technology is growing at a rapid rate in Africa, with the goals of improving the delivery of healthcare services and more effectively reaching out to remote and underserved communities. The lack of enabling guidelines and standards across the continent, on the other... more

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African Union Health Information Exchange Guidelines and Standards - Arabic Version

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has adopted the AMR Global Action Plan and the African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2...020 – 2025, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of African nations through a coordinated approach. While most countries in the region have developed and prioritized National Action Plans (NAPs) to tackle AMR, the overall response remains inadequate given the magnitude of the threat, which endangers human, animal, environmental, aquatic, and plant health. Africa bears a significant burden of infectious diseases, accounting for approximately 95% of malaria deaths, 70% of people living with HIV, and 25% of TB deaths globally. In 2019, AMR was linked to approximately 55,000 deaths from HIV, 30,000 from malaria, and 255,000 overall. Major drivers of AMR in the region include the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human and food systems, migration, suboptimal vaccination rates, and environmental contamination from hospital and pharmaceutical effluents. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality-assured antimicrobials and diagnostics, compounded by inadequate knowledge about AMR. Unlike high-income countries, where indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the primary factor driving AMR, African countries face additional challenges, including a lack of access to clean and safe water, poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programs, inadequate infection prevention measures, and suboptimal vaccinations for preventable diseases. One in three hospitals in the region lacks clean, safe running water, and one in eight people defecate openly due to inadequate sanitation. Investments in WASH, infection prevention, and biosecurity could save approximately 700,000 lives annually. Addressing AMR in Africa requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach involving the entire society. Sustainable access to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutics, is crucial, as lack of access leads to more morbidity and mortality than AMR itself. Support for the region should focus on preventing infections, strengthening health and food systems, developing human resources, ensuring sustainable access to diagnostics and therapeutics, and investing in laboratory infrastructure to support surveillance and data generation. more

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Migranten in einer irregulären Situation: Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung in zehn Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union

Agentur der Europäischen Union für Grundrechte (2011) CC2

Dieser Bericht behandelt Rechtsvorschriften und Verfahren im Zusammenhang mit dem Zugang von Migranten in einer irregulären Situation zu medizinischer Versorgung in zehn EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Er konzentriert sich auf Migranten in einer irregulären Situation, nämlich jene die Einreise- oder Aufenent... more

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State and Union Territory and District Fact Sheets - 2015-16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4)

DHS India (2016) C1

Please download the district fact sheets directly for each state/union territory at the website: http://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-OF31-Other-Fact-Sheets.cfm

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National, State and Union Territory, and District Fact Sheets - 2015-16 India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4)
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Government of India; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2016) C1

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The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census: Thematic report on Population Projections for the Union of Myanmar,...

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2017) C1

Census Report Volume 4-F (Thematic report on Population Projections for the Union of Myanmar, States/Regions, Rural and Urban Areas, 2014-2050)
Key findings
- The total population of Myanmar is estimated to be 65 million by 2050. The projection is based on steadily declining population grow... more

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The Republic of the Union of Myanmar health system review

Phone Myint; Than Tun Sein; Nilar Tin et al. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) C_WHO

(Health Systems in Transition, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2014)

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Standards der Europäischen Union für die Tuberkuloseversorgung – Aktualisierung von 2017

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2018) CC

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The African Union´s challenges - Central Africa Republic

International Crisis Group International Crisis Group (2019)

4. Central African Republic Clashes throughout 2018 in the capital Bangui and a number of major towns illustrate the deadly threat posed by armed groups – a mix of pro-government militias, ex-rebels, bandits and local “self-defence” units – that control much of the countr... more

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Towards intensified African Union–United Nations cooperation for the elimination of sexual and gender-based violence and protecting the health and rights of women and children in humanitarian settings

UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS); African Union; H6 Partnership (2018) C2

Vanquishing violence and vulnerability in humanitarian settings Background paper for the joint African Union–UNAIDS (in capacity of serving Chair of H6) high-level side event at the 73rd United Nations General Assembly, 24 September 2018, at UNHQ, Conference Room 3

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The European Union One Health 2020 Zoonoses Report

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC; EFSA EFSA Journal (2021) CC

This report of the EFSA and ECDC presents the results of zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2020 in 27 EU Member States (MS) and nine non-MS. Key statistics on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed are provided and interpreted historically.

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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019–2020

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2022) CC

This report provides an overview of the main findings of the 2019–2020 harmonised AMR monitoring in the main food-producing animal populations monitored, in carcase/meat samples and in humans. Where available, monitoring data obtained from pigs, calves, broilers, laying hens and turkeys, as well a... more

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Childhood multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the European Union and European Economic Area: an analysis of tuberculosis surveillance data from 2007 to 2015

C. Ködmön; M. van den Boom; P. Zucs, et al. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) CC

15. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(47):pii=17-00103

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UNHCR Recommendations to the European Union: Resettlement needs and key priorities for 2021

UNHCR (2021) CC

In the past ten years, the number of forcibly displaced people has nearly doubled. In 2019, the number of people forced to flee (inside and beyond the borders) grew to 79.5 million – the highest ever recorded. Refugee situations continue to increase in scope, scale and complexity, whereas durable ... more

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Comparison of national antimicrobial treatment guidelines, African Union

Craig, J.; K. Hiban, I. Frost, et al. World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Bull World Health Organ 2022;100:50–59 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.21.286689

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Handbook on TB laboratory diagnostic methods in the European Union

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

The aim of this handbook is to provide network members and other laboratories involved in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, with an agreed list of key diagnostic methods and their protocols in various areas of TB diagnosis, ranging from microbiological diagnosis of active TB to the diagnosis of latent ... more

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Summary of the latest data on antibiotic resistance in the European Union

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C1

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Delivering Results for Children 2016: Programme of Cooperation between the Government of the Union of Myanmar and UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2016)

National, State and Union Territory, and District Fact Sheets - 2015-16 India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) recommended

National, State and Union Territory, and District Fact Sheets - 2015-16 India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4)
recommended