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Air pollution is one of the world's most dangerous health risks

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (2020) CC
Polluted air is a public health hazard that cannot be evaded. It is widely known that long-term exposure to air pollution enhances the risks of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Scientists fr ... more
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Considerations for Preparedness

CDC; John Hopkins University (2015) CC
Planning and preparedness are the keys to dealing effectively with threats that include infectious diseases caused by SARS and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome or MERS, novel influenza viruses l ... more
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Position statement for adult and paediatric spirometry in South Africa: 2022 update

Maree, D.M.; Swanepoel, R.A.; Swart, F. et al. African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine (2022) CC
Spirometry is required as part of the comprehensive evaluation of both adult and paediatric individuals with suspected or confirmed respiratory diseases and occupational assessments. It is used in t ... more
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Task sharing and task shifting: Optimizing the primary health care workforce for improved delivery of noncommunicable disease services in Kenya

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
Over one third of all deaths in Kenya in 2019 were attributed to NCDs (Vos et al., 2020). The four major NCDs – CVDs, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases – accounted for 57% of th ... more
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Protecting people and animals from disease threats

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2018) C1
The Global Health Security Agenda programme develops national capacity to prevent zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases while quickly and effectively detecting and controlling diseases when they do eme ... more
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Уход на дому за пациентами со слабо выраженными симптомами COVID-19 и тактика ведения контактных лиц

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
Временные рекомендации 17 марта 2020 г. Данный документ представляет собой адаптированную версию временных рекомендаций, разработанных для ближневосточного респ ... more
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Technical and Regulatory Aspects of the Extended Use, Reuse, and Reprocessing of Respirators during Shortages
recommended

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2020) C_WHO
N95 or equivalent respirators are single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) designed for use by health workers that provide direct care to patients with diseases transmitted by aerosols or during aerosol generating procedures (AGP) for patients ... more
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Air pollution: the emergence of a major global health risk factor

Boogard, H.; Walker, K.; Cohen, A.J. International Health (2019) CC
The article "Air Pollution: The Emergence of a Major Global Health Risk Factor" discusses the significant health impacts of air pollution, a leading risk factor for global mortality. It highlights the adverse effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and tropospheric ozone, linking them to cardiova ... more
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ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ ПЛАН ДЕЙСТВИЙ ПО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ И БОРЬБЕ С НИМИ

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) C_WHO
The "Global NCD action plan" provides a road map and a menu of policy options for countries to take in order to attain the 9 voluntary global targets, including that of a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, ca ... more
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Heat and Health Fact Sheet

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Global temperatures and the frequency and intensity of heatwaves will rise in the 21st century as a result of climate change. Extended periods of high day and nighttime temperatures create cumulative physiological stress on the human body which exacerbates the top causes of death globally, including ... more
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Frequently asked Questions about Coronavirus (COVID-2019)

Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health (2020) C2
Accessed: 02.05.2020 Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MER ... more
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OpenWHO: Introduction to COVID-19 video in Indian Sign Language

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C1
This course consists of a video which provides an introduction to COVID-19 in Indian Sign Language. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle Ea ... more
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COVID-19 and breastfeeding - Position paper

World Health Organization (Europe); European Academy of Pediatrics; ECPC; et al. (2020) C_WHO
Accessed: 01.05.2020 Breastmilk is the best source of nutrition for infants, including infants whose mothers have confirmed or suspected coronavirus infection. As long as an infected mother takes appropriate precautions—outlined below—she can breastfeed her baby. Breastmilk contains antibodie ... more
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Expanding our understanding of post COVID-19 condition: report of a WHO webinar

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
On 9 February 2021, a first webinar entitled “Expanding our understanding of Post COVID-19 condition” was held under the auspices of WHO and in consultation with the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium(ISARIC ... more
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Air Pollution - WHO

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
Accessed on 06.03.2022 Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sou ... more
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Position Statement on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by pre-asymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals

Africa CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C1
Over the past weeks, there has been wide media attention on the risk of transmission of the novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] by asymptomatic individuals. This situation has also been extensively discus ... more
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Nature-Based Solutions and Protected Areas to Improve Urban Biodiversity and Health

MacKinnon,K.; van Ham, C.; Reilly, K.; et al. Springer International Publishing (2019) CC
Biodiversity and healthy natural ecosystems, including protected areas in and around cities, provide ecosystem benefits and services that support human health, including reducing flood risk, filtering air pollutants, and providing a reliable supply of clean drinking water. These services help to red ... more
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Donor funding priorities for communicable disease control in the developing world

Jeremy Shiffman Health Policy and Planning (2006) C1
Prior research has considered donor funding for developing world health by recipient and donor country but not by disease. Examining funding by disease is critical since diseases may be in competition with one another for priority and donors may be ... more
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Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems in the context of COVID-19: first update

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2020) C1
The first update of the ECDC ventilation guidance document contains: key new findings that emphasise four bundles of NPIs to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in closed spaces; updated references on the evidence of transmission in closed spaces; recommendations based on the n ... more
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Five keys for safer traditional food markets: risk mitigation in traditional food markets in the Asia-Pacific Region

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
Traditional food markets play important economic, cultural, and social role and are sources of livelihood for millions of people in urban and rural areas. The manual Five keys for safer traditional food markets: risk mitigation in traditional food markets in the Asia-Pacific Region aims to support a ... more
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Frontiers 2017: Emerging Issues of Environmental Concern

World Health Organization WHO; UN Environment (2017) C1
In this edition, the Antimicrobial Resistance chapter discusses the growing, dangerous trend of antimicrobial resistance and the potential catastrophic consequences on global health. The Nanomaterials chapter talks about this relatively new technology and its potential impacts on the environment a ... more
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State of Health in the WHO African Region
recommended

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office African Region (2018) C_WHO
This report is not a country scorecard. Rather, its purpose is to act as a compass to guide progress towards health in the SDGs. There has been a significant improvement in the state of health in the region with healthy life expectancy - time spent in full health - in the region increasing from 50 ... more
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UNHAS COVID19 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Reliefweb; OCHA Services; United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS); Republic of South Sudan; et al. (2020) CC
Covid19 - Standard Operating Procedures – UNHAS ROSS This SOP defines WFP Aviation/UNHAS procedures to be followed when operating in areas affected by the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This SOP will be communicated to UNHAS staff, Operators, and user organisations. Acco ... more
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Climate Solutions Double as Health Interventions

Mailloux, N.A. et al. (2021) CC
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13339; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413339 The climate crisis threatens to exacerbate numerous climate-sensitive health risks, including heatwave mortality, malnutrition from reduced crop yields, water- and vector-borne infectious ... more
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Pakistan Crisis 2022
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
WHO is responding as Pakistan is affected by massive monsoon rainfall and unprecedented levels of flooding and landslides. Damage to health infrastructure, shortages of health workers, and limited health supplies are disrupting health services. Significant public health threats include the spread of ... more
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Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

Institute of Medicine (2010) CC
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is often thought to be a problem of wealthy, industrialized nations. The term “cardiovascular disease” is used throughout the report to refer to cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and periphe ... more
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Responding to COVID 19. Real-time training for the coronovirus disesase outbreak
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
OpenWHO is an interactive, web-based, knowledge-transfer platform offering free online courses to improve the response to health emergencies. In summary, OpenWHO currently offers courses covering the following topics and languages to support the response to COVID-19: A general introduction to ... more
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Respiratory Effects of Exposure to Diesel Traffic in Persons with Asthma

McCreanor, J.; Cullinan, P.; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J.; et al. The New England Journal of Medecine (2007) CC2
Air pollution from road traffic is a serious health hazard, and people with preexisting respiratory disease may be at increased risk. We investigated the effects of short-term exposure to diesel traffic in people with asthma in an urban, roadside en ... more
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A 20-year follow-up study on chronic respiratory effects of exposure to cotton dust

Wang, X-R.; Zhang, H-X.; Sun, B-X.; et al. European Respiratory Journal, part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) (2005) CC2
The article "A 20-year follow-up study on chronic respiratory effects of exposure to cotton dust" evaluates the long-term impact of cotton dust exposure on respiratory health. It followed a cohort o ... more
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Developing respiratory pathogen pandemic preparedness plans

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2024) C_WHO
Planning for public health emergencies should ensure that capabilities developed during previous emergencies are maintained, incorporated, and put into practice when a new event of public health concern arises. Investments in pandemic preparedness lead to more rapid detection and a stronger response ... more
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European Respiratory Society - every breath counts; ERS

European Respiratory Society (2024) CC2
ERS is made up of over 35,000 respiratory clinicians, scientists and allied healthcare professionals, spanning more than 160 countries worldwide. Members are central to the Society and actively participate in setting the agenda across all ERS activi ... more
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COPD Wheel - International Primary Care - Respiratory Group

International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) (2024) CC2
The document is a visual guide created by the IPCRG for managing COPD, focusing on self-management, treatment options (such as inhaler use, pulmonary rehabilitation, and medications), and addressing comorbidities. It highlights the importance of personalized care plans, patient education, risk reduc ... more
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Access to essential respiratory medications remains elusive in LMICs

Karmali, D.; Siddharthan, T. (2022) CC
Over 90% of the morbidity and mortality related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma occurs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to well documented factors including decreased access to screening, trained health professionals, and therapies for disease manageme ... more
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PATS and ERS joint webinar: Paediatric Respiratory Research: meet the experts

Pan African Thoracic Society (2023) CC2
PATS and ERS Paediatric Webinar Series Paediatric Respiratory Reserch: meet the experts
 External Link
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European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5–16 years

Gaillard, E.A.; Kuehni, C.E.; Turner, S.; et al. European Respiratory Journal (2021) CC
Diagnosing asthma in children represents an important clinical challenge. There is no single gold-standard test to confirm the diagnosis. Consequently, over- and under-diagnosis of asthma is frequent in children. A task force supported by the European Resp ... more
 External Link
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European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in adults

Renaud, L.; Imran, S.; Inigo, O., et al. European Respiratory Journal (2022) CC
Although asthma is very common, affecting 5–10% of the population, the diagnosis of asthma in adults remains a challenge in the real world, which results in both over- and under-diagnosis. A taskforce was set up by the European Respiratory Society ... more
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Communicable and non-communicable diseases in Africa in 2021/22

World Health Organization Africa Region; WHO Africa World Health Organization Africa Region; WHO Africa (2023) C_WHO
This report is one of the first major products of the newly established Precision Public Health Metrics unit of the UCN cluster of the WHO Regional Office for Africa. The report presents national trends in communicable and non-communicable disease burden and control in the WHO African region. It tra ... more
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Occupational Lung Diseases

John Hopkins Medicine Johns Hopkins Medicine (2024) CC2
The Johns Hopkins Medicine webpage on occupational lung diseases provides an overview of lung conditions caused by exposure to harmful substances in the workplace. It explains various types of occupational lung ... more
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The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019

Feizi, H.; Alizadeh, M.; Nejadghaderi, S.A.; et al. Respiratory Research (2022) CC2
The article "The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019" provides an analysis of the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to COPD in the MENA region from 1990 to 2019. ... more
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Distribution of COPD-related symptoms in the Middle East and North Africa: Results of the BREATHE study

Tageldin, M.A.; Nafti, S.; Khan, J.A.; et al. Respiratory Medicine (2012) CC2
The article presents findings from the BREATHE study, which assessed the distribution of COPD-related symptoms in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The study involved a large cross-sectional survey in 11 countries, collecting data on respirat ... more
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the adult population within the Middle East and North Africa region: rationale and design of the BREATHE study

El Hasnaoui, A., Rashid N., Lahlou A. et al. Respiratory Medicine (2012) CC2
The objective of the BREATHE study was to estimate the regional prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms within the general population in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region and to document risk factors, disease characteristics and management using a standardised me ... more
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated healthcare resource consumption in the Middle East and North Africa: The BREATHE study

Polatli, M.; Kheder, A.B.; Wali, S.; et al. Respiratory Medicine (2012) CC2
The article examines the epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey. It provides an overview of COPD prevalence, associated risk factors, and challenges in diagnosis and treatment across these regions. The study highlights smoking and en ... more
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Identifying ‘well-controlled’ and ‘not well-controlled’ asthma using the Asthma Control Questionnaire

Juniper, E. F.; Bousquet, J.; Abetz, L.; et al. Respiratory Medicine (2006) 100, 616–621 (2006) CC2
The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) was developed to measure the primary goals of asthma management as identified by international guidelines. All guidelines indicate that to achieve good control, treatment should minimise day- and night-time symptoms, activity limitation, airway narrowing and re ... more
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Measurement properties and interpretation of three shortened versions of the asthma control questionnaire

Juniper, E. F.; Svensson, K.; Mörk, A-C.; et al. Respiratory Medicine (2005) 99, 553–558 (2005) CC2
The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)1 was developed and validated to measure the primary clinical goal of asthma management as identified by international guidelines. They indicate that to achieve good control, treatment should minimise day and night time symptoms, activity limitation, airway narr ... more
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A checklist for respiratory pathogen pandemic preparedness planning

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
This checklist is an operational tool to help national authorities develop or revise national respiratory pathogen (inclusive of influenza and coronaviruses) pandemic preparedness plans.
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The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mannino, D.M.; Watt, G.; Hole, D.; et al. European Respiratory Journal (ERJ) (2006) CC2
The article from the European Respiratory Journal discusses the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphasizing its increasing global impact on morbidity and mortality. It highlights that while cigarette smoking is a pri ... more
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Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition : Volume 5

rabhakaran, Dorairaj; Anand, Shuchi; Gaziano, Thomas A.; et al. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) CC
This volume on CVDs, renal, and respiratory disorders has particularly high value. It carries the potential to become the most effective game-changer in global health by helping all countries to combat, contain, and control the biggest killer presen ... more
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Appropriate use and withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Román-Rodríguez, M.; Tsiligianni, I.; Wiliams, S.; et al. International Primary Care - Respiratory Group (2020) CC2
The document "Appropriate use and withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)" from the IPCRG provides guidance on when to start, adjust, or discontinue ICS in COPD treatment. It highlights the benefits and risks, emphasizing personalized ... more
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Brazilian primary care: diagnostic competence and case-finding

Hamers, R.; Bontemps, S.; van den Akker, M.; et al. Primary Care Respiratory Journal (2006) CC2
The article investigates the diagnostic capabilities and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary care settings in northern Brazil. It highlights that COPD is often underdiagnosed and undertreated in resource-limited regions. The study involved 34 general practitioners a ... more
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Rational Use of Inhaled Medications for the Patient with COPD and Multiple Comorbid Conditions: Guidance for Primary Care

Tisiligianni, I.; Hoines, K.; Jensen, C.; et al. International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) (2019) CC2
The document discusses the complexities of managing patients with COPD and multiple comorbidities, highlighting the importance of personalized care and the appropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). It outlines common comorbidities, such as asthma, osteoporosis, and diabetes, and offers guida ... more
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Introducing the IPCRG

International Primary Care - Respiratory Group International Primary Care - Respiratory Group (2024) CC2
The International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) is a clinically-led charitable company that works locally in primary care and collaborates globally to improve respiratory health. Our vision ... more
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Fig. 1: GINA treatment recommendations for patients aged ≤5 years, 6–11 years and ≥12 years

npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2020) CC2
Adults and adolescents 12+ years. Asthma medication options: Adjust treatment up and down for individual patient needs
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Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective

Ho T., Cusack R.P., Chaudhary N. et al. Breathe, part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS)​ (2019) CC2
The article "Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective" reviews the worldwide variation in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and issues related to its misdiagnosis. It highlights that COPD is under-diagnosed due to factors such as limited access to spiromet ... more
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Guidance on development and implementation of a national deployment and vaccination plan for vaccines against pandemic influenza and other respiratory viruses of pandemic potential

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO
Vaccines are powerful weapons in the fight against pandemic viruses as shown by responses to both the 2009 H1N1 influenza and the COVID-19 pandemics. However, planning for accessing, allocating and deploying vaccines in a pandemic situation is a complex endeavour, beset with multiple challenges at a ... more
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Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats Module 1: Planning for respiratory pathogen pandemics

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO
Through technical consultations with countries and partners, WHO has led the development of Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats Module 1: Planning for respiratory pathogen pandemics. Version 1.0. The Module, currently available as an ad ... more
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The ‘jigsaw puzzle’ approach to building a diagnostic picture of asthma in primary care over time

Ryan, D.; Kocks, J.; Correia de Sousa, J. et al. International Primary Care Respiratory Group (2023) CC
Since there is no single objective diagnostic test for asthma this study suggests an approach of collecting and assembling pieces of clinical information to create a diagnostic picture, like making a jigsaw puzzle. These pieces should include demonstration of symptom and airway variability and/or br ... more
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Diptheria: clinical management of respiratory diptheria

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
Online learning for clinical management staff of respiratory diphtheria in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. In December 2017, the WHO Health Emergencies Programme launched an online learning for clinical staff on ... more
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Desktop Helper No.2 - A practical guide to improve difficult-to-manage asthma in primary care

International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG (2024) CC
This guide provides a systematic, practical approach to support primary care and other healthcare professionals to improve the care of peopel over the age of 18 years with difficult to manage asthma.
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International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma

Chung, K. F.; Wenzel, S. E.; Brozek, J. L.; et al. (2022) CC2
The European Respiratory Society (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) Task Force on severe asthma includes an updated definition of severe asthma, a discussion of severe asthma phenotypes in relation to genetics, natural history, pathobiology and p ... more
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Understanding and controlling asthma in Latin America: A review of recent research informed by the SCAALA programme

Cooper, P. J.; Figueiredo, C. A.; Rodriguez, A.; et al. (2023) CC2
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease (CRD) worldwide and is estimated to affect 262 million causing significant mortality and morbidity, and has emerged as an important public health problem in many Latin American (LA) countries ove ... more
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Challenges in the diagnosis of asthma in children, what are the solutions? A scoping review of 3 countries in sub Saharan Africa 2022

Magwenzi, P.; Rusakaniko, S.; Sibanda, E.N.; Gumbo, F.Z. (2022) CC2
Asthma is the commonest chronic respiratory tract disease in children. In low-income countries, challenges exist in asthma diagnosis. In surveys done in children, the prevalence of ‘asthma’ defined by symptoms is high compared to ‘doctor diagn ... more
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Prevalence of asthma in North Africa: the Asthma Insights and Reality in the Maghreb (AIRMAG) study

Nafti, S.; Taright, S.; El Ftouh, M.; et al. (2009) CC2
Bronchial asthma is the most frequent chronic respiratory disease in both adults and children. The prevalence and burden of asthma vary considerably between different regions of the world. Information on asthma in Africa is fragmentary and relativel ... more
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What is Asthma?

National Asthma Education Programme (2012) CC2
Asthma: • is one of the most common respiratory complaints in the world today. • affects one in ten children (10%) and one in twenty adults (5%) • can occur for the first time at any age, even in adulthood. •usually begins before th ... more
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Assessing the nature of asthma in African epidemiological studies: a scoping review protocol

Ndlovu, V.; Chimbari, M.J.; Sibanda, E. (2020) CC2
Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory conditions in the world and is increasing in prevalence, particularly in Africa and other low-income countries. The disproportionately high numbers of premature deaths and severe or uncontrolled c ... more
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Algorithm for asthma diagnosis and management at Chitungwiza Central Hospital, Zimbabwe

Ndarukwa, P.; Chimbari, M.J.; Sibanda, E.N. (2020) CC2
asthma is a chronic inflammatory and a heterogeneous condition of respiratory system whose pathogenesis is linked with variable structural changes. The clinical manifestation of asthma includes attacks of breathlessness, cough, chest tightness and w ... more
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Assessing the nature of asthma in African epidemiological studies: a scoping review protocol 2020

Ndlovu, V.; Chimbari, M.J.; Sibanda, E. (2020) CC2
Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory conditions in the world and is increasing in prevalence, particularly in Africa and other low-income countries. The disproportionately high numbers of premature deaths and severe or uncontrolled c ... more
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Asthma education for Medical Professionals and the Public

National Asthma Education Programme (2024) CC2
Asthma is a chronic lung disease, a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs. It causes difficulty in breathing, and includes symptoms such as coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Asthma affects people in varying deg ... more
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Silica-associated lung disease: An old-world exposure in modern industries

Barnes, H.; Goh, N. S. L.; Leong, T. L.; Hoy, R. Official Journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (2019) CC2
Silicosis is not a new disease; the impact of silica dust on respiratory function was observed by Hippocrates in 430 B.C. and in the 16th century by Agricol. In 1713, Rammazini described silicotic nodules in post-mortems of stone cutters presentin ... more
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Secondhand Smoke infographics - Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2015) CC2
Secondhand smoke and the harmful chemicals in it are known causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, ear infections.and asthma attacks in infants and children. They are also known causes of HEART DISEASE,stroke, and lung can ... more
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Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Asthma: Practice Adjustments and Disease Burden

Papadopoulos, N.G.; Custovic, A.; Deschildre, A. et al. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice (2020) CC
Coronavirus disease 2019 has a mild disease course in children and adolescents. Chronic respiratory conditions, including asthma, have been suggested as risk factors; however, asthma in children is highly variable in both triggers and severity. Du ... more
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Occupational risk factors and exposure–response relationships for airway disease among health workers exposed to cleaning agents in tertiary hospitals

Mwanga, H.; Baatjies, R.; Jeebhay, M.F. BMJ (2023) CC2
This study investigated occupational risk factors and exposure–response relationships for airway disease among health workers (HWs) exposed to cleaning agents in two tertiary hospitals in South Africa and Tanzania. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between asthma or ... more
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Cystic Fibrosis - What Is Cystic Fibrosis

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2024) CC2
The "Cystic Fibrosis Fact Sheet" by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute provides an overview of cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic and often fatal genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. The document outlines the cau ... more
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Mortality in COPD: role of comorbidities

Sin, D.D.; Anthonisen, N.R.; Soriano, J.B.; et. (2006) CC2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an increasing burden throughout the world. COPD-related mortality is probably underestimated because of the difficulties associated with identifying the precise cause of death. Respiratory fail ... more
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - Key facts 2023 World Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) provides an overview of this common lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - WHO - arabic version

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) provides an overview of this common lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.
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Bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO)

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) provides an overview of this common lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.
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Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) - Основные факты

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) provides an overview of this common lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.
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Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) provides an overview of this common lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - chinese version

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) provides an overview of this common lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.
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How to Use a Metered-Dose Inhaler with a Valved Holding Chamber (Spacer) - english version

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2022) CC2
The document is an instructional guide in english on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emph ... more
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How to Use a Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) with a Spacer - arabic version

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2022) CC2
The document is an instructional guide in arabic on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide empha ... more
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How to Use a Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) with a Spacer - Burmese version

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2022) CC2
The document is an instructional guide in Burmese on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emph ... more
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Como usar um inalador dosimetrado com uma câmara de retenção valvulada (espaçador) e máscara

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2022) CC2
The document is an instructional guide in Portuguese on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide e ... more
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How to Use a Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) with a Spacer - Somali Version

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2022) CC2
The document is an instructional guide in somali on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide empha ... more
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Cómo usar un inhalador de dosis medida con cámara de retención con válvula (espaciador)

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2022) CC2
The document is an instructional guide in Spanish on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emph ... more
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Spiromentry Equipment Loan Programme

Pan African Thoracic Society Pan African Thoracic Society (2024) CC2
The Pan African Thoracic Society is a major professional organization representing Lung Health in Africa. Africa carries a disproportionally high burden of respiratory morbidity and mortality relative to the population size.
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Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment - 2022 update

World Health Organization WHO World Health Organization WHO; UN environment programme; UNDP; unicef (2022) C_WHO
The combined effects from ambient (outdoor) air pollution and indoor (household, in particular) air pollution cause approximately 7 million premature deaths every year, largely as a result of increased mortality from stroke, IHD, COPD, lung cancer and acute ... more
 External Link
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Targeting the Mycobacterium ulcerans cytochrome bc1:aa3 for the treatment of Buruli ulcer

Scherr, N.; R. Bieri, S.S. Thomas, et al. (2018) CC
Nat Commun 9, 5370 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07804-8. Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical skin disease that is most commonly found in children from West and Central Africa. Despite the severity of the infection, therapeutic options are ... more
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About Cystic Fibrosis - What is Cystic Fibrosis?

South Africa Cystic Fibrosis Association (SACFA) South African Cystic Fibrosis Association (SACFA) (2024) CC2
The South African Cystic Fibrosis Association (SACFA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) in South Africa. Their website provides comprehensive information about CF, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. CF is described as an in ... more
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COPD in Asia* Where East Meets West

Wan, C.; Tze, P. CHEST (2008) CC2
The article investigates the global burden and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It emphasizes that COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with significant health and economic impacts. The study identifies smoking as the primary risk factor, but als ... more
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Jinsi ya Kutumia Kivuta Hewa Chenye Kipimo cha Dawa Kilicho na Chemba Maalum (Kishikilia Dawa) na Barakoa

American Lung Association American Lung Association (2022) CC2
The document is an instructional guide by the American Lung Association on how to properly use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a valved holding chamber (spacer) and mask, specifically in Swahili. It provides step-by-step directions for preparing and using the inhaler to ensure effective medication ... more
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Occupational COPD—The most under-recognized occupational lung disease?

Mugia, N.; Gambelunghe, A. John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd (Respirology) (2022) CC2
The article discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a common but under-recognized occupational disease. While smoking is the main cause, occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) significantly contributes to the development and progression of COPD. Epidemiolog ... more
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What is COPD?

Global Allergy and Airways Patient Platform Global Allergy and Airways Patient Platform (2023) CC2
The GAAPP (Global Allergy and Asthma Patient Platform) website provides information on COPD, explaining its symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and proper management to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The platform aims to suppo ... more
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ERS/EAACI statement on adherence to international adult asthma guidelines

Mathioudakis, A.G.; Tsilochristou, O.; Adcock, I. M.; et al. (2021) CC2
In the European Union, over 20 million people suffer from asthma. During the 1990s there was a rapid decrease in asthma mortality, probably related to the increased use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). However, during the last decade, asthma mortality rates have plateaued, and a consistently high p ... more
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The burden of severe asthma in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the African Severe Asthma Project

Kirenga, B.J.; Chakaya, J.; Yimer, G. et al. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global (2024) CC
Severe asthma is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization, but its burden in Africa is unknown. This article wants to determine the burden (prevalence, mortality, and activity and work impairment) of severe asthma in 3 countries in East Africa: Uganda, Kenya, and Ethio ... more
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Kenya Asthma Management Guideline

Ministry of Health (2021) CC
Bonchial asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in the world. In Kenya, it has been estimated that about 7.5% of the Kenyan population, nearly 4 million people, are currently living with asthma. Many cases tend to be underdiagnosed an ... more
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Household air pollution - WHO

World Health Organisation (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the significant health risks associated with household air pollution, primarily resulting from the use of inefficient and polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, heating, and lighting. In 2020, approximately 2.1 billion people—about one-third of ... more
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Oxycodone

UCLA Brain Research Institute (2021) CC
The pamphlet "Oxycodone" provides an overview of the opioid drug class, explaining its uses, effects, and risks. It describes positive effects like euphoria and pain relief, alongside negative effects such as respiratory depression, confusion, and c ... more
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Palliative care: Models of service delivery and symptom management

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO
This course aims to provide information on the basic understanding of palliative care and the elements of service program for delivering palliative care. The course contents will also include the considerations in managing signs, symptoms and assessing the patient as well as communicating with the p ... more
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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC
Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde ... more