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Toolboxes
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For COVID-19, as for many infectious diseases, the true level of transmission is frequently underestimated because a substantial proportion of people with the infection are undetected either because they are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms and thus typically fail to present at ... more
Ethiopia has seen high economic growth over the last decade, but remains a poor country with a high burden of disease. It has made considerable health gains in recent years, mainly by having health policies that focus on extending primary he ... more
For full publication see: https://drtbnetwork.org/mdr-tb-patient-education-flipchart This tool can be used to educate new patients about TB and MDR-TB. The healthcare provider should review the material together with the patient. A treatment sup ... more

Ebola Prevention and Control

A. Dramowski; S. Mehtar Infection Control Africa Network ICAN; Bettercare (2015) C1
Learn together. Managing transmission of viral haemmoraghic fever. Only available online! This book is part of the Bettercare series which addresses the need for continuing education for health professionals. The book is produced under the auspices of the Infection Control Africa Network (ICAN), t ... more

Infection Prevention and Control

Dramowski, A. Dave Woods and S. Mehtar; Bettercare (2014) C2
A guide for health professionals in low-resource settings, Infection Prevention and Control is a must-have manual for nurses, doctors, and health administrators, and especially those in resource-limited settings Based on our experience of the COVID-19 spread in South Africa we have written a learni ... more
The study sought to understand the factors that facilitate women to adhere to treatment and return to health facilities for routine care from their own perspective. The researchers focused on Malawi, Uganda and Zambia, early adopters of the global guidance to provide lifelong treatment for pregnant ... more

South African Health Review 2019. Chapters at the glance

Sanders, S. Health System Trust HST (2020) C1
22nd edition Each of the 20 chapters deals with aspects of the UHC journey, dedicated towards an equitable and inclusive national health system that leaves no-one behind. While some authors describe the fundamental changes and practical considerations required to reconfigure the country's health sy ... more
This course provides information on what facilities should be doing to be prepared to respond to a case of an emerging respiratory virus such as the novel coronavirus, how to identify a case once it occurs, and how to properly implement IPC measures to ensure there is no further transmission to HCW ... more
Module 3 Counsellors July 2017 Module 3: Counsellors. This module is for staff who counsel people as they consider PrEP or start taking PrEP and support them in coping with side-effects and adherence strategies. Those who counsel PrEP users may be lay, peer or professional counsellors and ... more
Cochrane provides high-quality, relevant, and up-to-date synthesized research evidence to inform health decisions. This page highlights content relating to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the various related activities that Cochrane is undertaking in response. They will be continually add ... more
The Knowledge Translation Unit is a group within the University of Cape Town’s Lung Institute and Department of Medicine who has worked on primary care programmes to strengthen provision of evidence-informed care in low-resources settings in South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Brazil for two decad ... more
The spread of COVID-19 poses a challenge for emerging markets such as those in Africa and Latin America. While governments around the world are suffering from a shortage of ventilators, hospital beds, and personal protective equipment, availability of these items is already extremely limited in some ... more
Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI) is involved in an effort to curb the COVID-19 pandemic that is facing South Africa and the world at large. Prof. Helen Rees is a member of the team advising the Health Minister on COVID-19 (MAC). She is part of the Clinicians Group, the Research ... more
JAMA. Published online July 14, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13107 In this issue of JAMA, Wang, et al. present evidence that universal masking of healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients can help red ... more
Limited coverage of laboratory services and long turnaround times from real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for the detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been insufficient to meet the demands in many African countries in response ... more
This report provides an overview of the progress in the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines in adults (aged 18 years and above) across EU/EEA Member States. It presents the number of vaccine doses distributed by manufacturers to each Member State for the different approved vaccines and the number of first ... more
Many African countries were amongst the most rapid to respond to the emerging threat of COVID-19, implementing large-scale interventions at very early stages of their epidemic. As demonstrated in this document using very simple models, this rapid mobilization and timeliness of implementing control m ... more
Covid-19 Social Policy Response Series / No.14 This report examines Ecuador’s social policy response to mitigate the Covid-19 pandemic’s effects and protect vulnerable populations. It chronologically traces containment, closure policies, social policies and programmes put in place following t ... more
Viral hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver cells due to viral infection. The burden of liver disease in South Africa is mostly underestimated as viral hepatitis, in particular chronic infection, is a silent and neglected cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the burden of disease i ... more
On 27 September 2024, the Rwanda Ministry of Health announced the confirmation of Marburg virus disease (MVD). Blood samples taken from people showing symptoms were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the National Reference Laboratory of the Rwanda Biomedi ... more
Cardiovascular diseases, principally ischemic heart disease (IHD), are the most important cause of death and disability in the majority of low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). In these countries, IHD mortality rates are significantly greater in individuals of a low socioeconomic status ( ... more
Diabetes is a significant public health issue that affects approximately one in 10 adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90–95% of cases. This chronic condition causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is growing in impact, with cases projected to rise from 537 million in 202 ... more
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a growing public health problem in Ghana and other African countries. Strokes and other CVDs have become a leading cause of death due to increasing risk factors such as hypertension. According to the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD), ischaemic heart disease was ... more
Diabetes is a significant public health issue that affects approximately one in 10 adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90–95% of cases. This chronic condition causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is growing in impact, with cases projected to rise from 537 million in 202 ... more
The "WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care" provides a set of cost-effective, evidence-based interventions to address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers. Designed ... more
The article is a scoping review that explores the challenges in diagnosing asthma in children in three sub-Saharan African countries: Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda. It identifies key barriers, such as a lack of community awareness, inadequate healthcar ... more
In recent years, Rwanda has been on the fast track to achieve major health improvements for its entire population. With the support of government agencies and various non-governmental partners, the Ministry of Health (MoH) has endeavored to decentralize Rwanda’s health system and bring health serv ... more
We reviewed the evidence on community-based interventions for the prevention and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Community initiatives tailored towards awareness and mobilisation are regarded as a priority area in the Neglected Tropical Disease Roadmap 2021–2030 by the World Health Organi ... more
WHO today released its first roadmap to tackle postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) – defined as excessive bleeding after childbirth - which affects millions of women annually and is the world’s leading cause of maternal deaths. Despite being preventable and treatable, PPH results in around 70 000 de ... more
The active participation and engagement of health and care workers (‎HCWs)‎ in health emergency preparedness, readiness and response is crucial to support risk communication, community engagement and infodemic management (‎RCCE-IM)‎ interven ... more
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed systemic weaknesses in health-care systems worldwide. The breadth of challenges left health workers overwhelmed and overstretched, reducing their professional efficacy and causing long-term ... more
Despite recent global declines, under-five mortality remains high in many of the poorest countries. Barriers to timely quality care, including user fees, distance to facilities and the availability of trained health workers and medical supplies, ... more

Our duty of care

Abdul Rahim, H.F.; M. Fendt-Newlin, S. T. Al-Harahsheh, et al. Quatar Foundation; Wolrd Innovation Summir ofr Health WISH (2022) CC
A global call to action to protect the mental health of health and care workers
People living with disabilities (PLWDs) have poor access to health services compared to people without disabilities. As a result, PLWDs do not benefit from some of the services provided at health facilities; therefore, new methods need to be developed to deliver these services where PLWDs reside. Th ... more
Comprehensive Primary Health Care has an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of several disease conditions, including non-communicable diseases which today contribute to over 60% of the mortality in India. The provision of Comprehensive primary health care reduces morbidity, disab ... more

The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report

Masoli, M.; Fabian, D.; Holt, S.; Beasley, R. European Journal of allergy and clinical immunology: Volume59, Issue5 May 2004 Pages 469-478 (2004) CC2
It is estimated that as many as 300 million people of all ages, and all ethnic backgrounds, suffer from asthma and the burden of this disease to governments, health care systems, families, and patients is increasing worldwide. In 1989 the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) program was initiated in ... more
Rapid Policy Brief
Accessed 14 July 2015
Key populations brief.
Review Summary
The knowledge guide is the second publication in the Self-care competency framework to support health and care workers. This describes how health and care workers can apply each of the 10 compete ... more
Accessed: 08.10.2019
This report makes the case for a major new initiative—to rapidly recruit, train and deploy 2 million community health workers in Africa. Drawing on a vast body of evidence and substantial regional experience, the report shows how community health ... more
Community-based interventions are vital for facilitating poststroke recovery, increasing community participation, and raising awareness about stroke survivors. To optimize recovery and community reintegration, there is a need to understand research findings on community-based interventions that focu ... more
Frontline health workers (FHWs) provide services directly to communities where they are most needed, especially in remote and rural areas. Many are community health workers and midwives, though they ... more
BMC Health Services Research BMC series – open, inclusive and trusted201818:251; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3072-3
This training module is designed to equip HWs with knowledge and communication skills to build their confidence and support them in their ability to promote acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among other HWs.
This report contains the results of an in-depth Training Needs Assessment (TNA) of Health Workers in the 4 project counties of the republic of Kenya – Nakuru, Kisumu, Nairobi and Bungoma. The assessment, facilitated by the UPOPs Project in close c ... more
Brazil ́s response is taking place in strict compliance with the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005. Brazil created the Emergency Operations Center (COE) and immediately notified WHO when the first case in Brazilian territory was confirmed on February 26.
This curricula guide builds on several existing products of WHO and partners, aimed at supporting countries in their effort to address the first objective of the GAP-AMR (to improve awareness and understanding of AMR). It is targeted specifically at health educators and policy planners, and applies ... more
Fact sheet
Good hygiene is critical to ensure that healthcare staff provide quality care, reduce the spread of infections, and protect the health of communities. This fact sheet explores the healthcar ... more

"Shadow" Report - Healthcare Field - Case of Albania

Albanian Center for Population and Development (ACPD); UNFPA (2016) C2
Submitted to the United Nation's Committee on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women February 2016 Published by the Albanian Center for Population and Development (ACPD) Adresa : Bul “ Gjergj Fishta”, Kompleksi “Tirana 2000” Kulla 4, kati 2, Tir ... more
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a significant burden globally, with millions of patients affected each year. These infections affect both high- and limited-resource healthcare settings, b ... more
Quick reference guide
Sector Environmental Guidelines, Full technical Update
Glob Health Sci Pract February 1, 2014 vol. 2 no. 1 p. 103-116
A booklet on how CHWs were addressing eye health across Africa based on desk research and a survey in 23 countries
Research Article
The main goal of the National Health Plan (NHP) 2017-2021 is to extend access to a basic Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) to the entire population while increasing financial protection. In order to extend service delivery to all communities, the NHP calls for all health ... more
Operating Department Practice - Clinical Pocket Reference - for nurses, students and other healthcare professionals - third edition, supplemantary material Available from www.clinicalpocketreference.com ISBN: 978 1 908725 10 3
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience a high disease burden for epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition.The authors evaluate the cost-effectiveness of community health workers (CHWs) to improve adherence to medication for epilepsy i ... more
of highly contagious viruses (of the Ebola or Marburg type) in the context of an epidemic outbreak in West Africa
This document aims to provide guidance to healthcare facilities and healthcare providers in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK) on preparedness and infecti ... more
Infection control is the forth edition from Clinical Pocket Reference for Nurses.
Health Care Facilities (HCFs) are primarily responsible for management of the healthcare waste generated within the facilities, including activities undertaken by them in the community. The health care facilities, while generating the waste are resp ... more
Global Qualitative Nursing Research March 31, 2021 Research Article Find in PubMed https://doi.org/10.1177/23333936211005475
The "Primary Healthcare Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List" by the South African National Department of Health provides evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing and managing common medical conditions at the primary ... more
Travelers planning to conduct humanitarian work in areas where outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever and Marburg hemorrhagic fever are known to occur need to be familiar with how Ebola virus and Marburg virus are transmitted
WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, April 2017, 6(1) 8 pp. 211 kB
Int J Health Policy Manag 2017, 6(10), 587–600 Low-income countries face many contextual challenges to manage healthcare technologies effectively, as the majority are imported and resources are constrained to a greater extent. Previous ... more
Technical brief by the H4+ (UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women, WHO and the World Bank)
The Government of India is embarking on a mammoth task to prevent COVID-19 spread among communities. The Rapid Evidence Synthesis team received a request to support the planning and development of resources for ensuring preparedness of FLHWs for COVID-19 . The rapid evidence synthesis was conducted ... more
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment, the disease presentati ... more
July 2021
This is the sixth of our 11-paper supplement entitled “Community Health Workers at the Dawn of New Era”. Expectations of community health workers (CHWs) have expanded in recent years to encompas ... more
This is the ninth paper in our series, “Community Health Workers at the Dawn of a New Era”. Community health workers (CHWs) are in an intermediary position between the health system and the comm ... more
In this era, grand challenges lies in biodiversity loss, climate change, and global noncommunicable diseases signify that planet and humanity are in crisis. Scholarly evidence from human and animal kingdom suggest that there is an optimism in planetary health which can provide a unique and novel con ... more
Community health worker teams are potential game-changers in ensuring access to care in vulnerable communities. Who are they? What do they actually do? Can they help South Africa realize universal health coverage? As the proactive arm of the health services, community health ... more
Communication to Healthcare Professionals Mar-2020 This guideline is intended to assist healthcare professionals in the participation of very important process of continuous surveillance of safety ... more
This catalogue serves the purpose of connecting stakeholders from the energy and health sectors with solutions providers, to help meet the energy needs of healthcare facilities in response to COVID-19 and beyond. The solutions provided herein rep ... more
Climate change is damaging human health now and is projected to have a greater impact in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are seeing the worst effects as they are most vulnerable to climate shifts and least able to adapt given weak health systems and poor infrastructure. Low-carbon appro ... more
This Toolkit aims to support the understanding and implementation of integrated mental health programs in humanitarian settings. It provides a framework for essential steps and components, with associated key guidance and resources, that strengthen the integration process, and is primarily intended ... more