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The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more
The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more
The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more
The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more
The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more
The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more
The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more
The information provided here can be used to understand the current situation, increase attention to preterm births in Rwanda and to inform dialogue and action among stakeholders. Data can be used to identify the most important risk ... more

Status Report on prison health in Europe

World Health Organization (Europe) (2019) C_WHO
Overwhelming evidence shows that a range of health concerns—mental illness, substance dependence, HIV/AIDS, and noncommunicable diseases—affect prisoners disproportionately. But, while incarceration poses risks to health—including inadequate n ... more
This situation analysis has gathered information about the current state of AMR, contributing factors and antimicrobial use in Zimbabwe from the human, animal, agricultural and environmental sectors. Data has been gathered from different sectors suc ... more
The Lancet. 13 March 2022. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02868-3. Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported national health estimates for Ethiop ... more
About one fourth of the world’s population is estimated to have been infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacilli, and about 5–10% of those infected develop TB disease in their lifetime. The risk for TB disease after infection depends on several ... more
This document outlines Rwanda's policy on non-communicable diseases. The overall goal of NCDs Policy is to alleviate the burden of NCDs and their risk factors and protect Rwandan population from pre ... more
With this study, we estimated the burden of serious fungal infections for the general healthy population and for those at risk, including those infected with HIV, patients with asthma, as well as th ... more
The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases detected and reported in each country is influenced by many factors including limited access and/or utilization of healthcare and COVID-19 testing, limited surveillance, lack of knowledge amongst the populati ... more
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases and their risk factors are an increasing public health and development challenge in ... more
The environment in which young people live, learn and play significantly affects their decisions about whether to consume alcohol. Environmental factors are the main risk ... more
About one fourth of the world’s population is estimated to have been infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacilli, and about 5–10% of those infected develop TB disease in their lifetime. The risk for TB disease after infection depends on several ... more
The recommendations in these guidelines promote the use of simple, non-invasive diagnostic tests to assess the stage of liver disease and eligibility for treatment; prioritize treatment for those with most advanced liver disease and at greatest risk ... more
For the 24th consecutive year, PAHO has published the report Health Situation in the Americas: Core Indicators featuring the latest information on key indicators for the Region of the Americas. This 2018 edition includes data on the 82 core indicators for the countries, territories, and sub regions ... more
Infectious diseases are constantly in transition. New diseases develop, known dis-eases become widespread or reemerge, and occasionally a disease is eradicated.Infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and cholera are significant causes ofillne ... more
COVID-19 Vaccines: 1 Safety Surveillance 2 Manual While there is no indication that pregnant women have an increased susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2, there is evidence that pregnancy may increase the risk of severe illness and mortality ... more
In 2007, WHO warned that infectious diseases are emerging and re-emerging at a rate that has not been seen before. The potential for infectious diseases to spread rapidly results in high morbidity and mortality, causing a potential global public health treat of major concern. Several ... more
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), considered one of the most important parasitic infections in Latin America. Between 25 and 90 million humans are at infection risk via at least one of multiple infection mechanisms. ... more

Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective

Ho T., Cusack R.P., Chaudhary N. et al. Breathe, part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS)​ (2019) CC2
The article "Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective" reviews the worldwide variation in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and issues related to its misdiagnosis. It highlights that COPD is under-diagnosed due to ... more
The article discusses the significant impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a global health issue, with cigarette smoking as the main risk factor. However, in developing countries, the causes of COPD are often multifactorial, inv ... more
Humanitarian crises exacerbate nutritional risks and often lead to an increase in acute malnutrition. Emergencies include both manmade (conflict) and natural disasters (floods, drought, cyclones, typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.). Complex emergencies are combinations of both manmade a ... more
The Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008, presents evidence- based recommendations on the preferred methods for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of patient- care medical devices and for cleaning and disinfecting the healthcare environment. This docume ... more
The EHSP in Botswana seeks to attain universal coverage of high-quality package of essential health services. The EHSP is an integrated collection of cost-effective interventions, promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative, that address the main diseases, injuries and ... more
The "Global NCD action plan" provides a road map and a menu of policy options for countries to take in order to attain the 9 voluntary global targets, including that of a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 2 ... more
As part of our commitment to the fight against NCDs, Nigeria was signatory to the political declaration at the UN General Assembly High Level Meeting on NCDs in September 2011. Thus, the purpose of this document is to develop and ensure the implementation of policies and p ... more
WHO today released its first roadmap to tackle postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) – defined as excessive bleeding after childbirth - which affects millions of women annually and is the world’s leading cause of maternal deaths. Despite being preventable and treatable, PPH results in around 70 000 de ... more
This regional report on the situation of tuberculosis (TB) in the Americas contains information from 2019, provided by the countries of the Region through the World Health Organization TB data collection system. These data have been consolidated and analyzed at the regional level. In addition to pre ... more
Cholera which disproportionally impacts poor countries and the most vulnerable continues to affect at least 47 countries across the globe, resulting in an estimated 1.3 – 4 million cases, and 21,000 - 143,000 deaths per year worldwide. In Ethiopia, despite major improvements seen in the increasing ... more
It is widely understood that the food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is one of the world’s fastest growing and most neglected crises. It lacks sufficient global focus, resources and urgency. As in so many crises, women and girls are disproportionately affected and shoulder t ... more
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global deaths, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The primary and secondary prevention of CVD is suboptimal throughout the world, but the evidence-practice gaps are much more pronounced in LMIC. Barriers at the ... more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern shared by developed and developing countries. In developing countries the burden of infectious diseases is greater and exacerbated by limited access to, and availability and affordability of, antimicrobials required to treat infect ... more
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is currently one of the main obstacles to worldwide herd immunity and socioeconomic recovery. Because vaccine coverage can vary between and within countries, it is important to identify sources of variation so that policies can be tailored to different population groups. ... more
To identify and to assess factors enhancing or hindering the delivery of breast and cervical cancer screening services in Malawi with regard to accessibility, uptake, acceptability and effectiveness. Systematic review of published scientific eviden ... more
The uneven distribution of HIV risks and burdens across populations is a well-substantiated fact, though seldom publicly acknowledged. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, sex workers, and transgender women are 24, ... more
HIV/AIDS Programme Policy Brief

HIV/AIDS and orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) in Zimbabwe

H. Yeboah International Journal of Current Research; ResearchGate (2018) C2
International Journal of Current Research Vol. 10, Issue, 04, pp.68266-68270, April, 2018 ISSN: 0975-833X

HIV Interventions for Young People in Humanitarian Emergencies

Unicef; UNFPA; UNAIDS; World Health Organization; et al. (2019)
Inter-Agency Task Team on HIV and Young People Guidance Brief Accessed: 09.11.2019
HIV & AIDS Treatment in Practice Issue 203
Male Circumcision as an HIV Prevention Method Accessed: 02.03.2020
The first chapter provides an overview of gender and domestic violence in the HIV and AIDS discourse and their interconnect- edness. It analyses literature regarding gender and HIV transmission, do ... more
Q&A on COVID-19, HIV and antiretrovirals - Hỏi Đáp về COVID-19, HIV và thuốc antiretrovirals (ARVs)

HIV prevention, treatment and care in prisons and other closed settings: a comprehensive package of interventions

World Health Organization; UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime); UNAIDS; et al. (2013) C_WHO
Policy Brief
UNAIDS and DPKO non paper | 2011

HIV and AIDS and the workplace - What you should know

CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services); BRT Business Responds to AIDS (Stopping AIDS is everyone's Business) (2019) C_CDC
Employees, Coworkers, and Supervisors Accessed: 20.11.2019

Two Decades of HIV/AIDS in Tajikistan: Reversing the Tide or the Coming of Age Paradigm?

A. Latypov Central Asia-Caucasus Institute; Silk Road Studies Program; Research Gate (2008) C2
China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Volume 6, No. 3 (2008) p. 101-128 © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program ISSN: 1653-4212
Nature | Vol 600 | 2 December 2021 |

Mainstreaming HIV and AIDS in the Vocational Training Sector in Botswana

Kruger, V. & Dilger, H. German HIV Practice Collection (GHPC), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) (2011) C2
German HIV Practice Collection: Publications in this Collection describe programmes supported by German Development Cooperation that have been assessed as “promising or good practice” by an editorial board of experts from German development orga ... more

Sexual and Reproductive Health of HIV-Positive Women in Asia: A Policy Framework for the Future

Treat Asia (Therapeutics Research, Education, AIDS Training); AmfAR (2014) C2
Policy Brief November 2014
PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org May 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 5 | e63476

HIV prevention among adolescent girls and young women

UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS); Unicef; World Health Organization (WHO); et al. UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS; )Unicef; World Health Organization (WHO); et al. (2016) C2
Guidance

People living with HIV

M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan; C. Daniels, et al. Stop TB Partnership; The Focus Group Consulting (2017) C1
Key populations brief Accessed November 2017
Eur Respir J. 2014 April ; 43(4): 1132–1141. doi:10.1183/09031936.00203613.

HIV/AIDS Knowledge Among Women Across Seven Post-Soviet Countries

H. Zainiddinov; N. Habibov Central Asian Journal of Global Health; University of Pittsburgh (2018) C2
Vol. 7, No. 1 (2018) | ISSN 2166-7403 (online) DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2018.295 | http://cajgh.pitt.edu

HIV in Central Asia: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan

D. Wolfe; R. Elovich; A. Boltaev Research Gate; Springer Science+Business Media (2008) C2
Chapter · January 2009 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0_25 D.D. Celentano and C. Beyrer (eds.), Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries, DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0 25, c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008
PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185526 September 28, 2017 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection—focus on the Asia-Pacific region

Q.M. Trinh; H.L. Nguyen; V.N. Nguyen International Journal of Infectious Diseases; Elsevier Ltd (2014) C2
International Journal of Infectious Diseases 32 (2015) 170–178 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.11.023 1201-9712/ß 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: ... more
Accessed: 03.03.2020
Iran J Public Health, Vol. 45, No.11, Nov 2016, pp.1521-1522
1 July 2021; Report shows big COVID-19-related HIV prevention programme service disruptions, but highlights that HIV service innovations and adaptations are possible. A synthesis report on programm ... more
The article explores the underlying factors influencing unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles among adolescents in Kilifi County, Kenya. Using a qualitative approach, the study involved interviews and focus group discussions with adolescents, sta ... more
HIV & AIDS Treatment in Practice No. 198
Kyiv, Ukraine 22-24 November 2010 Meeting Report

HIV and Refugees

UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS); UNHCR The UN Refugee Agency (2007) C2
Plicy Brief
Rural Development through decent work Themes: Rural Policy Briefs
Accessed: 20.11.2019

The sustainable development goals and the HIV response

UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS) (2019) C2
Stories of putting people at the centre Accessed: 20.11.2019
Yu et al. BMC Public Health (2018) 18:825 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5731-z Research Article
This assessment tool for HIV and internally displaced persons (IDPs) is an outcome of multisectoral, multi-agency assessment missions in Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nepal and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ... more
Government Barriers to Condom Use by Men Who Have Sex With Men
DHS Analytical Studies No. 36

Contextual factors around the sexual abuse of people with disabilities in East Africa

Mary-Ann Waddell & Rob Aley Advantage Africa, FIRAH, Resource Center Applied Research and Disability (2015) C2
Knowledge based upon a descriptive literature review of applied research
DHS Working Papers No. 105 - Rwanda has developed and implemented many strategies at the national level to reduce the incidence of HIV in the general population. One of the main objectives of such interventions is to improve the general level of kn ... more