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Antimicrobial Resistance Global Report on Surveillance
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) C_WHO
The report focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR) in common bacterial pathogens. There is a major gap in knowledge about the magnitude of this problem. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens th ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance in the Western Pacific Region. A Review of Surveillance and Health Systems Response

World Health Organization WHO Western-Pacific Region (2015) C_WHO
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Drug-resistant tuberculosis in the WHO Western Pacific Region

T. Islam, T. Hiatt, C. Hennig, et al. WPSAR; WHO (2014) C_WHO
Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2014 Oct-Dec; 5(4): 34–46. Published online 2014 Dec 18. doi: [10.5365/WPSAR.2014.5.4.007]
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Nigeria: National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance 2017-2022

Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health (2017) C2
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Update on artemisinin and ACT resistance

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO
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Drug resistant TB in South Africa – Hospitalization, statistics & costs

A. Kanabus TBFacts.org (2017) C2
Accessed November 2017
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Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020

Access to Medicine Foundation (2020) C2
The Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark has evaluated for the second time how the most important players in the antibiotic market are addressing the rise of resistance and the global need for appropr ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Perspectives

Doyle, M.P.; G. H. Loneragan, H. M. Scott et al. (2006) C2
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Vol.12 (2013) pp.234-248 In 2006, the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) published an Expert Report entitled “Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for the Food System” (IFT 2006). That ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance in the Asia Pacific region: a development agenda

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health concern with economic, social and political implications that are global in scope, and cross all environmental and ethnic boundaries. As a global threat, AMR risks the ach ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance and the Climate Crisis

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
Information note of the Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. Available in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese and Arabic
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Antimicrobial Resistance Background Document

National Department of Health South Africa (2019) C1
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted, international public health problem, which poses a direct threat to the safety of the population of South Africa. A national response is required to complement the development of a global plan, as ar ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Africa: Successes, gaps and a roadmap for the future

Kariuki S., K. H. Keddy, M. Antonio AOSIS (2018) C2
Since the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015, there has been rapidly growing awareness among many African countries that they need to be doing more to combat an ... more
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Factsheet: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Americas

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2021) C_WHO
12 countries have a high TB estimated burden with an incidence rate more than 45 per 100 000 population They represent 88 of the cases in the Region In 2019 the TB case detection gap in the Region was 52 500 cases
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Drug resistant tuberculosis management guidelines and manual

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF SWAZILAND MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE (2008) C1
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Antimicrobial Resistance National Strategy Framework 2014 –2024 (South Africa)
recommended

National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa (2015) C1
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Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria: A systematic review and metaanalysis

C. C. Onyedum, I. Alobu, K. N. Ukwaja PLOS One; O. Neyrolles (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologoie Structurale) (2017) CC
PLoS ONE 12(7): e0180996. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180996
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Kerala Antimicrobial Resistance Strategic Action Plan (KARSAP)

Department of Agriculture Development & Farmers Welfare; Health & Family Welfare, Government of Kerala (2018) C1
One health Response to AMR Containment. In a significant move for the public health sector, Kerala has become the first state in India to launch an action plan to combat the growing cases of antimicrobial immunity, arising primarily from irrational use of medicines and excessive antibiotics used in ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Ethiopia: Implementation experiences and lessons learned

Rajiha A. Ibrahim, Amete M. Teshal, Surafel F. Dinku, et al. (2018) CC
African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 2 | a770 | 06 December 2018
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Antibiotic resistance – undoing progress in maternal and child health

ReAct (2018) C2
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are spreading at an alarming rate and some bacterial infections may once again be untreatable. Antibiotic resistance (ABR), conservatively calculated, causes more than 500 000 deaths every year. This number is projected ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance and primary health care

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
Despite the considerable improvement in global health, millions of people still lack access to quality health services, including access to effective antimicrobial medicines, or are impoverished as a result of health spending. At the same time, antimicrobial ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review

Tilahun Tadesse, B., E. A. Ashley, S. Ongarello et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2017) C2
Internationally, there is a growing concern over antimicro-bial resistance (AMR) which is currently estimated to ac-count for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. If no appropriate measures are taken to halt its pro-gress, AMR will cost appr ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance in the WHO African region: current status and roadmap for action

Essack S.Y., A.T. Desta, R.E. Abotsi et al. Journal of Public Health (2016) C2
The escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pandemic is a global public health threat with extensive health, economic and societal implications. Resistance emerges because of selection pressure fr ... more
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A national survey of public awareness of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria

Chukwu, E., Oladele, D., Awoderu, O. et al. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control (2020) CC
Background: One of the objectives of the Global Action Plan by the World Health Organization (WHO) to contain antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is to improve global awareness through effective communication and education. Comprehensive information on ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance Curriculum Assessment Tool for Medical Education

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
The Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) calls for making AMR a core component of professional education and training. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) published Competency framework for health workers’ education and tr ... more
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Namibian Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plan

Pharmaceutical Services, Directorate Tertiary Health Care and Clinical Support Services Ministry of Health and Social Services (2017) CC2
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is occurring everywhere in the world, compromising the ability to treat infectious diseases, as well as undermining many other advances in health and medicine. Underlying factors that drive AMR include; weak or absent ... more
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Antimicrobioal resistance in G7 countries and beyond

Cecchini, M.; J. Langer and J. Slawomirski OECD (2015) C1
Economic Issues, Policies and Option for Action
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How Antimicrobial Resistance will impact your future and your community

Joel Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (2015) C1
Take Action on Antimicrobial Resistance.For students in college and university This is a booklet that is suitable for readers with a developed intellect. It is well summarized in a way that captures the most important facts to remember and actions ... more
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What is antibiotic resistance?

Denis K. Byarugaba Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (2015) C1
Book for Communities
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Guiding Drug Policy for P. falciparum malaria by ICMR’s National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) in North Eastern States

National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) (2019) C1
Accessed online January 2019, publication date unknown.
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Antimicrobial resistance and the nurse’s role

Agne Diminskyte (2016) C2
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat as it is present in all parts of the world and it means that there is a shortage of effective antibiotics to treat simple infections and diseases, also statistics reveal that because of antimicrobial ... more
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Bhutan: National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2018 - 2022

Royal Government of Bhutan (2017) C2
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most eminent threats to global health and a rising concern for healthcare specialists. All around the world, many common infections are becoming resistant to the antimicrobial medicines used to treat th ... more
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Mauritius National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2017-2021

Ministry of Health and Quality of Life Mauritius (2017) C2
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious public health threat for effective treatment of an ever increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. When infections can no longer be treated by first-line antibiotics ... more
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Respiratory Tract Samples: A 10-Year Epidemiological Snapshot

Gajda M., E. Urban (2019) CC
Stenotrophomonas maltophiliais a nonfermenting Gram-negative rod that is ubiquitous in nature (predominantly occurring in aquatic environments and on plants). Biochemically, it iscatalase positive and oxidase negative, and it produces acid frommaltose (hence the name“maltophilia”). Due to it ... more
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Situation Analysis and Recommendation: Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Tanzania

Aboud S., R. Mdegela Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership—Tanzania Working Group (2015) C2
Antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents are invaluable life savers, particularly in resource-limited countries where infectious diseases are abundant. Both uncomplicated and severe infections are potentially curable as long as the aetiological agents are susceptible to the ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Partner Trust Fund

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2022) CC
Combatting the rising global threat of AMR through a One Health Approach
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Protocol for Enhanced Isolate-Level Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in the Americas. Primary Phase: Bloodstream Infections

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2021) C_WHO
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance plays an important role in the early detection of resistant strains of public health importance and prompt response to outbreaks in hospitals and the community. Surveillance findings are needed to inform m ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance Resource Platform
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and ... more
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Antimicrobial & Antibiotic Resistance Courses

Future Learn (2022) CC
Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic resistance are a major threat to public health. How can we tackle them? Get answers with a range of courses.
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Guidelines for the Prevention and Contaiment of of Antimicrobial Resistance in South African Hospitals
recommended

NdOH South Africa National Department of Health South Africa (2018) C1
These guidelines form part of efforts to institutionalize the prevention and containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in healthcare facilities in South Africa, as outlined in the Antimicrobial Resista ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance in South East Asia: time to ask the right questions

Kakkar M., Chatterjee P. et. al. (2018) C2
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health concern, around which the international leadership has come together to form strategic partnerships and action plans. The main driving force behind the emergence of AMR is selection ... more
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Antimalarial drug policy for Ghana

Ministry of Health Ghana (2009) C1
Revised Edition
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Antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organization; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016) C_WHO
A manual for developing national action plans.This manual for developing national action plans to address antimicrobial resistance has been developed at the request of the World Health Assembly to assist countries in the initial phase of developing ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance and causes of non-prudent use of antibiotics in human medicine in the EU

European Commission (2017) C1
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing worldwide public health problem with important implications for the European Union (EU). When antibiotics become ineffective, bacterial infections lead to increased morbidity, use of healthcare, mor ... more
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Drug-Resistant tuberculosis

E.G. Brown Jr, D.S. Dooley, K. Smith Curry International Tuberculosis Center, State of California, California Health & Human Service Agency, Department of Public Health (2016) C1
A survival guide for clinicans. 3rd edition.
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Joint Assessment of the Response to Artemisinin Resistance in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region 

World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2016) C_WHO
Conducted November 2011 to February 2012: Summary Report
This summary report has five sections. Following the introduction (Section 1), Section 2 sets out summary findings and recommendations of the assessment team. Section 3 describes the context in which artemisinin ... more
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Global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors

World Health Organization (WHO) (2012) C_WHO
The plan contains the latest available evidence on the extent of insecticide resistance around the world, and puts forward a strategy for global and country levels, identifying clear roles and timelines for all stakeholders. The GPIRM also summarize ... more
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Patient predictors of poor drug sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

Omowunmi Aibana , Andrej Slavuckij , Mariya Bachmaha, et al. (2018) CC
F1000Research
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A systematic review of healthcare-associated infections in Africa: An antimicrobial resistance perspective

Emmanuel O. Irek, Adewale A. Amupitan, Temitope O. Obadare, Aaron O. Aboderin (2018) CC
African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 2 | a796 | 06 December 2018
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WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; Stop TB (2019) C_WHO
The present Consolidated guidelines include a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB, derived from these WHO guidelines documents. The consolidated guidelines include policy recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB (Hr-TB) and MDR/RR-TB, ... more
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The Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Using Public Health Laboratory-Based Sentinel Sites in Ethiopia 2016-2020

The Ethiopian Public Health Institute (2017) CC
Ethiopia Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Plan
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Addressing the antibiotic resistance threat– the role of water, sanitation and hygiene

ReAct (2020) C2
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are spreading at an alarming rate and some bacterial infections may once again be untreatable. Antibiotic resistance (ABR), conservatively calculated, causes more than 500 000 deaths every year. This number is projected ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance: A Manual for Developing National Action Plans

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO, World Organisation for Animal Health (2016) C_WHO
This manual for developing national action plans to address antimicrobial resistance has been developed at the request of the World Health Assembly to assist countries in the initial phase of developing new, or refining existing national action plan ... more
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National Action Plan Antimicrobial Resistance Containment in Bangladesh

Communicable Disease Control Program (CDC), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) (2017) C_CDC
In concordance with the global and WHO activities on ARC, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) in Bangladesh has come forward and initiative was taken to conduct program for containment of antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh. Directo ... more
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Uganda: Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plan 2018-2023

Government of Uganda (2018) C2
The current trend in AMR in Uganda and globally is rising and calls for immediate action. The 71st UN General Assembly (UNGA), the 68th World Health Assembly, and organizations including the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Organization for ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance policy review and development framework

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2018) C2
A regional guide for governments in Asia and the Pacific to review, update and develop policies to address antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in animal production
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Situational Analysis Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pakistan

The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP (2016) C2
Pakistan Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP) was formed in the wake of international and national efforts for AMR curtailment. A group of experts from microbiology, infectious diseases and veterinary medicine ... more
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Situation Analysis and Recommendations: Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Nepal

Nepal Public Health Foundation (2015) C2
Antibiotic resistance is no longer a concern for the distant future but is a pressing issue, both globally and in Nepal. As part of global effort to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics, the Global Antibiotic ... more
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AFRICA CDC Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance, 2018-2023

Africa CDC (2018) C_CDC
Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms are increasing globally, threatening to render existing treatments ineffective against many infectious diseases. In Africa, AMR has already been documented to be a problem for HIV and the pathogens that cause malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid, cholera, meningitis ... more
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Bahrain - National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance

Kingdom of Bahrain - Ministry of Health (2019) C2
In the kingdom of Bahrain, the national antibiotic committee will set the framework for the national response to AMR, especially bacterial resistance to antibiotics. It will be aligned with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Action Plan ... more
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Iraq Action Plan of Antimicrobial Resistance (2018-2022)

Ministry of Health Environment & Ministry of Agriculture Iraq (2019) C_WHO
Following the high-level meeting of the UN General Assembly on antimicrobial resistance held in September 2016 which called for national, regional and international political commitment to address the issue, member countries agreed on the importance ... more
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National Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Turkmenistan

MINSITRY OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL INDUSTRY OF TURKMENISTAN (2018) C_WHO
Spread of resistance to antimicrobial agents (AMR) does not know national borders and has reached dimensions, which require immediate actions at the national, regional and global levels. Antibiotic resist ... more
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Whole-genome sequencing for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organization WHO; Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) (2020) C_WHO
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides a vast amount of information and the highest possible resolution for pathogen subtyping. The application of WGS for global surveillance can provide information on the early emergence and spread of AMR and further inform timely policy development on AMR control. ... more
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Tuberculosis and the fight against Antimicrobial Resistance

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2022) C_WHO
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Third progress analysis of implementation of antimicrobial resistance national action plans in the WHO South-East Asia Region

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is described as a situation when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder or impossible to treat, and increasing the risk of disease spread, ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Burkina Faso

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Cameroon

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Eswatini

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Gabon

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Ghana

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Malawi

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Nigeria

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Senegal

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Sierra Leone

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Tanzania

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Uganda

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Zambia

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) Country Report Zimbabwe

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC
The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial ... more
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Guidance to facilitate monitoring and evaluation for antimicrobial resistance national action plans

Quadripartite: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO; UN Environment Programme UNEP; World Health Organization WHO; World Organisation for Animal Health WAHO (2023) CC
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global human, animal, plant and environment health threat that needs to be addressed by every country. The impacts of AMR are wide-ranging in terms of human health, animal health, food security and safety, environ ... more
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Addressing gender inequalities in national action plans on antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO
National action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often overlook the critical intersection of gender, despite evidence that exposure and susceptibility to infection, health-seeking behaviours, as well as antimicrobial prescribing and use patte ... more
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Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Guidance for the African Region

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC
Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and ... more
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Worldwide country situation analysis: response to antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organization (2015) C_WHO
A survey was conducted in countries in all six WHO regions and focused on the building blocks that are considered prerequisites to combat antimicrobial resistance: a comprehensive national plan, laboratory capacity to undertake surveillance for resi ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance: Policy insights

Victoria Simpkin, LauraSuhlrie, Alastair Wood et al (2016) C1
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WHO recommendations on active drug safety management and monitoring (aDSM) for new drugs and regimens

D. Falzon, USAID, Asia Regional Pharmacovigilance World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO
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Tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMT) together. Working Paper 1.0: Multisectoral coordination

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
This working paper was conceived to offer practical tips and suggestions on how to establish and sustain the multisectoral coordination needed to develop and implement National Action Plans on AMR (NAPs). It is intended for anyone with responsibility for addressing AMR at country level. Drawing on b ... more
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Antimircrobial resistance - Policy insights 

OECD (2016) C2
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue of global concern. AMR is not simply a problem of medical science being beaten by nature; human action and perverse incentives play a major role in its development. The misuse of antibiotics in the m ... more
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Drug consumption rooms: an overview of provision and evidence

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2018) C2
Perspectives on Drugs
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Republic of Kenya: National Policy on Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance

Government of Kenya (2017) C2
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that requires urgent collaborative action within and among countries. AMR makes standard treatments ineffective and facilitates the spread of antimicrobial resistant infections rendering communities ... more
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Drivers, Dynamics and Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production

B.A. Wall, A. Mateus, L. Marshall et al. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) both in human and veterinary medicine has reached alarming levels in most parts of the world and has now been recognized as a significant emerging threat to global public health and food security. In June 2015, the F ... more
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Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2021) CC
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern and a food safety issue. When pathogens become resistant to antimicrobial agents they can pose a greater human health risk as a result of potential treatment failure, loss of tr ... more
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Antibiotic use and resistance in South Africa

Dr T Apalata, Dr C Bamford, Mr D Benjamin et al. South African Medical Journey SAMJ (2011) C2
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern shared by developed and developing countries. In developing countries the burden of infectious diseases is greater and exacerbated by limited access to, and availability and afford ... more
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Ethiopia: Antimicrobial Resistance Prevention and Containment Strategic Plan: The One Health Approach 2021-2025

Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority (2021) C2
To understand the national situation, Ethiopia did a situation assessment, launched its first strategy in 2011, and took action to contain AMR, as detailed in the blue boxes found throughout this strategy. This updated version of the strategy was in response to the revised health and medicines polic ... more
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Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS): Molecular methods

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
Molecular methods for antimicrobial resistance (AMR)diagnostics to enhance the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
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Resource mobilisation for antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Getting AMR into plans and budgets of government and development partners / Ghana country level report

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
The Ghanaian Cabinet approved the antimicrobial resistance (AMR)Policy and Implementation plan(hereafter referred to as the national action plan or NAP)in December 2017, whilst the country case study was in progress. This has set in motion the impl ... more
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Resource mobilisation for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Getting AMR into plans and budgets of government and development partners / Nigeria country level report

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
The most significant finding of the case study for integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR)into existing programs and mobilising resources for funding in Nigeria, is that most of the AMR activities within the Nigerian National Actio ... more
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Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Together Working Paper 1.0: Multisectoral coordination

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
This working paper was conceived to offer practical tips and suggestions on how to establish and sustain the multisectoral coordination needed to develop and implement National Action Plans on AMR (NAPs). It is intended for anyone with responsibility for addressing AMR at country level. Drawing on b ... more
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Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance and Hospital-Associated Infections: The Role of the Hospitalist

Dressler D. D., MD, MSc Director OF Society of Hospital Medicine (2005) CC
While infections that develop during hospitalization may appear to be an uncommon but recognized risk of hospital care today, the incidence of these infections has been increasing dramatically during the last 2 to 3 decades, and the risk of acquiring an organism that is resistant to 1 or more antibi ... more
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Lebanon: National Action PLan On Combating Antimicrobial Resistance

Republic of Lebanon - Ministry of Public Health (2019) C_WHO
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health concern and Lebanon is of no exception to this issue. The spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is considered an alarming public health threat, with a potential extent similar to ... more
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Antibiotic resistance: using a cultural contexts of health approach to address a global health challenge

Ledingham, K. World Health Organization Europe (2020) C_WHO
This policy brief has been developed in response to the contemporary challenge of antibiotic resistance (‎ABR)‎. ABR poses a formidable threat to global health and sustainable development. It is now increasingly recognized that the systematic ne ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance and the United Nations sustainable development cooperation framework: guidance for United Nations country teams

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2021) C_WHO
World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Organisation for Animal Health. (‎2021)‎. Antimicrobial resistance and the United Nations sustainable development cooperation framework: guidance for Unit ... more
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Résistance aux antimicrobiens et plan-cadre de coopération des Nations Unies pour le développement durable : orientations pour les équipes de pays des Nations Unies

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2021) C_WHO
Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture & Organisation mondiale de la santé animale. (‎2021)‎. Résistance aux antimicrobiens et plan-cadre de coopération des Nations Unies po ... more