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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines 3rd Edition 2023

Government of the Republic of Namibia (2024) CC

The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines aim to support healthcare workers improve quality and safety health care. The Guidelines further aim to promote and facilitate the overall goal ... more

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2018 South Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview
recommended

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2017) C1

This document provides the Humanitarian Country Team’s shared understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing humanitarian needs and the estimated number of people who need assistance. It represents a consolidated evidence base and he... more

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Curbing Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animal Production

Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future (2016) C2

Antimicrobials are widely used in food animal production, and use is rapidly increasing. In an era of growing demand for animal products, there is an increasing trend towards the industrial product... more

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National Action Plan to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance in the Republic of Tajikistan

Republic of Tajikistan (2018) C_WHO

The present National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with component of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) covering both human and agriculture sectors was developed based on the World Health Organization'... (WHO) Global plan on AMR dated 2015. With the purpose to develop this plan, in May 2016 an intersectoral and interagency working group was established under coordination of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Service (SSESS), the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population (MoHSPP) of the Republic of Tajikistan. With technical as- sistance from the WHO a number of seminars, consultation meetings and workshops were conducted to identify country's priority areas and required actions for AMR con- tainment and AMC and control. more

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Communicable disease threats report, 11 November 2017

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C1

The ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin for epidemiologists and health professionals on active public health threats. This issue covers the period 5-11 November 2017... more

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Pathways of antibiotic use in Bangladesh: qualitative protocol for the PAUSE study

Rousham E. K., M. Aminul Islam, P. Nahar et al. (2018) C2

Global actions to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) include optimising the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health. In countries with weak ...care regulation, this requires a greater understanding of the drivers of antibiotic use from the perspective of providers and consumers. In Bangladesh, there is limited research on household decision-making and healthcare seeking in relation to antibiotic use and consumption for humans and livestock. Knowledge is similarly lacking on factors influencing the supply and demand for antibiotics among qualified and unqualified healthcare providers. The aim of this study is to conduct integrated research on household decision-making for healthcare and antibiotic use, as well as the awareness, behaviours and priorities of healthcare providers and sellers of antibiotics to translate into policy development and implementation more

Preventing the Spread of an Infectious Disease

Wolters Kluwer; Clinical Drug Information, Inc. and its affiliates andor licensors (2020) C2

Diseases that spread easily have always been around. Sometimes these diseases spread from one person to another person. Sometimes they spread from animals to people. Other times, they spread through germs in the water, soil, food, or air. Some dise... more

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Kigali Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases
recommended

Uniting Combat Negleceted Tropical Diseases (2022) CC

The Kigali Declaration on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a high-level, political declaration which aims to mobilise political will and secure commitments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) target on NTDs and to deliver the targets set out in the World ... Organization’s Neglected Tropical Disease Roadmap (2021-2030). Available in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Kiswahli, Chinese, more

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West Africa - Ebola Outbreak, Fact Sheet #39, Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 (as of July 14, 2015)

US Agency for International Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015)

The Government of Liberia (GoL) reports three additional EVD cases linked to the Margibi County cluster, including one in Liberia’s Montserrado County; new confirmed case total reaches six Recently extended Operation Northern Push strengt... more

Praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis during human pregnancy

Friedman, J.F. et al. (2018) CC

In 2014, an estimated 40 million women of reproductive age were infected with Schistosoma haematobium, S. japonicum and/or S. mansoni. In both 2003 and 2006, the World ... Organization (WHO) recommended that all schistosome-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women be offered treatment, with praziquantel, either individually or during treatment campaigns. In 2006, WHO also stated the need for randomized controlled trials to assess the safety and efficacy of such treatment. Some countries have yet to follow the recommendation on treatment and many programme managers and pregnant women in other countries remain reluctant to follow the recommended approach. more

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Guidance for the African Region

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and ... more

Antimicrobial resistance and our food systems: challenges and solution

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Since the introduction of penicillin in the early twentieth century, antimicrobial treatments have been utilized not only in human medicine but also in veterinary care – initially to ward off diseases, prevent post-surgery infections, and treat sick farm ....Global food production has intensified over the past 50 years due to economic expansion and popu-lation growth. The use of antimicrobials in agriculture – in livestock, fish farming, and even on crops – has grown as well. Antimicrobials are not only used as medicines, but are sometimes also added in low concentrations to animal feed as a way of stimulating growth. more

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Food Safety in the time of COVID-19

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2020) CC

Presently, there is no evidence that the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic is carried by domestic food-producing animals, such as chickens, ducks, other poultry, pigs, cattle, camels, horses, sheep, goats, rabbits, guinea pigs or f... more

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Addressing the antibiotic resistance threat– the role of water, sanitation and hygiene

ReAct (2020) C2

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are spreading at an alarming rate and some bacterial infections may once again be untreatable. Antibiotic resistance (ABR), conservatively calculated, causes more than 500 000 deaths every year. This number is projected to rise dramatically if radical actions are not ta... more

Ukraine: Emergency Response Plan for the Covid-19 Pandemic

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA (2020) C2

The following Emergency Response Plan for the COVID-19 pandemic seeks to set out activities that will be undertaken by humanitarian actors in Ukraine over the course of 2020 to respond to the public health impact of the epidemic – as well as the i... more

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Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis at continental and country level: Update to 2018

Franco, JR.; Cecchi, G.; Priotto, G.; Paone, M.; Diarra, A. et al. (2020) CC

Over the past twenty years, huge efforts made by a broad coalition of stakeholders curbed the last epidemic and brought the disease to the brink of elimination. In this paper, the latest figures on disease occurrence, geographical distribution and control activities are presented. Strong evidence in... more

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Progress Toward Global Eradication of Dracunculiasis

Hopkins, D.; Weiss, A.; Roy, S. et al. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report MMWR; National Libary of Medicine (2020) CC

Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis, is traditionally acquired by drinking water containing copepods (water fleas) infected with D. medinensis larvae, but in recent years also appears increasingly to be transmitted by eating fish or other aquatic .... The worm typically emerges through the skin on a lower limb of the host 1 year after infection, causing pain and disability. more

Implications of the Marburg virus disease outbreak in Rwanda for the EU/EEA, 2024

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ecdc) (2024) C_CDC

This threat assessment addresses the implications of the ongoing Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Rwanda for the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). MVD is a severe disease in humans and, although uncommon, it has the potential to cause epidemics with significant case fatality. ... more

Antibiotic use, resistance and the link to nutrition

ReAct (2018) C2

2018 South Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview recommended

Kigali Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases recommended

2018 South Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview
recommended

Kigali Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases
recommended