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Toolboxes
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1
Antimicrobial Resistance Resource Platform
recommended
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi.
AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to
...
medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. As a result, the medicines become ineffective and infections persist in the body, increasing the risk of spread to others.
Antimicrobials - including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and antiparasitics - are medicines used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals and plants. Microorganisms that develop antimicrobial resistance are sometimes referred to as “superbugs”.
more
Pharmacy Toolbox
recommended
Please find all relevant guidelines and information in our new Pharmacy Toolbox.
The PHARMACY TOOLBOX is a comprehensive knowledge repository to provide its users with practical, up-to-date information on medicines and good pharmaceutical practices
...
. It collates basic documents on (essential) medicines, guidelines, rational use, access, and good quality of medicines. All health workers who prescribe, handle or dispense medicines find an electronic key pharmacy knowledge hub.
more
Based on the recently updated 2018 WHO-WFSA International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anaesthesia the WFSA has developed the Anaesthesia Facility Assessment Tool (AFAT) in order to help regional and national anaesthesia and health care leadership to gather data about anaesthesia workforce, equi
...
pment, medicines and practice at the facility level.
The AFAT is part of a shared effort to improve data collection and knowledge management in support of the implementation of World Health Assembly Resolution 68.15 and to ensure that anaesthesia is represented in national health planning and in National Surgical, Obstetric & Anaesthesia Plans (NSOAPs).
more
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) describes a set of principles and procedures that, when followed, ensure that medicines and related substances are of high quality, safety and efficacy. SAHPRA is a
participating authority of the Pharmaceutical Ins
...
pection Cooperation Scheme (jointly known as PIC/S). PIC/S aims to develop international standards between countries and pharmaceutical inspection
authorities, to provide harmonised and constructive co-operation in the field of GMP. PIC/S affiliation is subject to initial and periodic assessment of the participating authority to ensure that it has equivalent legislation, regulatory and enforcement procedures and inspection capacity.
more
Communication to Healthcare Professionals Mar-2020
This guideline is intended to assist healthcare professionals in the participation of very important process of continuous surveillance of safety and efficacy of the health products which are used in their clinical practice. Continuous evaluation o
...
f medicines’ benefit and harm help to achieve the ultimate goal of safe and effective treatments available to patients.
The guideline is intended to assist healthcare professionals in the reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of all registered health products, including medicines, old medicines, medical devices and in-vitro diagnostics (IVDs).
more
The Ethiopian Food and Drug Administration (EFDA) is mandated, in the proclamation 661/2009, to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of medicines. To achieve this, the authority has been working on different regulatory activities. The medicine ma
...
rket authorization system is one of the top priority areas that have been implemented. In addition to the dedicated assessors, the authority uses a national drug advisory committee for the assessment and registration of medicines.
more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is described as a situation when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder or impossible to treat,
and increasing the risk of disease spread,
...
severe illness and death.1 AMR in recent years has become
a global priority in public health due to its widespread consequences and increasing occurrence from
time to time. AMR has a formidable impact where the existing antibiotics and other antimicrobial
medicines become ineffective, and infections become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat.
more
The recommendations cover the level of blood pressure to start medication, what type of medicine or combination of medicines to use, the target blood pressure level, and how often to have follow-up checks on blood pressure. In addition, the guidelin
...
e provides the basis for how physicians and other health workers can contribute to improving hypertension detection and management.
more
Antimicrobial resistance learning channel
recommended
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. AMR threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi.
It occurs when microorganisms develop resistance to
...
medicines that are relied upon for treatment, making some conditions difficult or impossible to cure. As a result, infections persist in the body, increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death.
The Antimicrobial Resistance channel offers learning resources to support implementation of the Global Action Plan on AMR (2015), by building health care worker competencies to help combat AMR in their daily clinical practice.
more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global health and development and it contributes to millions of deaths worldwide each year. Inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics are driving an increase in AMR and have a detrimental impact on the effectiveness of these critical
...
medicines. Through the Global Action Plan on AMR, WHO is working to improve the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and reduce inappropriate antibiotic consumption.
There is a recognized need for high-quality resources to improve antibiotic prescribing globally. To address this need, a pragmatic approach was taken by WHO to develop actionable guidance for empiric antibiotic use.
The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book provides concise, evidence-based guidance on the choice of antibiotic, dose, route of administration, and duration of treatment for more than 30 of the most common clinical infections in children and adults in both primary health care and hospital settings. The information included in the book supports the recommendations for antibiotics listed on the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines and Essential Medicines Children and the WHO AWaRe classification of antibiotics.
The WHO AWaRe antibiotic book is accompanied by summary infographics for each infection for both adults and children that provide a quick-reference guide for health care workers at the point of care.
more
Issue Brief 31: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can occur when viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi change over time. There is no longer a response to medicines, and the infection treatment gets really difficult which increases the risk of a disesa
...
se spread, which can lead to severe health problems. AMR is an increasing threat to global public health worldwide that requires cross-sectional and cross-disciplinary action. It is present in every country and is spurred by several human-made factors, including over- and/or inadequate use of antibiotics, poor hygiene and infection prevention control, and excessive usage of antibiotics outside the health care sector e.g. in life stock production.
more
Food security, human health and wellbeing largely depend on biodiversity. Biodiversity supports agriculture through ecosystem services such as pollination and water purification, and provides access to natural medicines,
which are the primary sourc
...
e of health care for 4 billion people worldwide
more
DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.102891Little progress has been made since the 1960s and 19. 70s to widen the therapeutic arsenal against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative pathogen of Chagas disease, which remains a frustrating and perplexing infectious disease. This chapter focuses on the strategic and opera
...
tional challenges in the clinical drug development of a novel antitrypanosomal agent for Chagas disease. The various elements that contribute to a robust assessment of treatment effect including dose selection, choice of patient population, trial methodology, endpoint measures, and regulatory perspectives are discussed. The learnings herein should serve as resource to help researchers and other stakeholders optimize their clinical development plans and speed delivery of new medicines to patients with Chagas disease.
more
WHO promotes the inclusion of foodborne trematodiases among the targets of preventive chemotherapy interventions. With the aim of providing access to quality medicines, WHO has negotiated with Novartis Pharma AG whereby Novartis donates triclabendaz
...
ole for the treatment of fascioliasis and paragonimiasis in endemic countries. WHO collects applications from ministries of health and medicines are shipped free of charge.
more
Foodborne trematode infections cause 2 million life years lost to disability and death worldwide every year.
People become infected by eating raw fish, crustaceans or vegetables that harbour the parasite larvae.
Foodborne trematodiases are most prevalent in East Asia and South America.
Foodborne
...
trematode infections result in severe liver and lung disease.
Safe and efficacious medicines are available to prevent and treat foodborne trematodiases.
Prevention and management of food-borne trematodes requires cross-sectoral collaboration on the human-animal and ecosystems interface.
more
Forests and Trees for Human Health: Pathways, Impacts, Challenges and Response Options
Cecil Konijnendijk, Dikshya Devkota, Stephanie Mansourian & Christoph Wildburger (eds.)
International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO)
(2023)
C2
Forests, trees and green spaces, hereinafter ‘forests and trees’ for short, provide multiple goods and services that contribute to human health. These include medicines, nutritious foods and other non-wood forest products (NWFPs). Globally, at l
...
east 3.5 billion people use NWFPs, including medicinal plants, which are particularly important for vulnerable groups and Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs).
During periods of crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for forest products typically increases amongst these groups. Forests and trees also contribute to better health by playing a role in climate change
mitigation and adaptation, contributing to regulating the carbon cycle, but also moderating the micro-climate, filtering pollutants from the air and protecting settlements against the effects of extreme events such as droughts and flash floods.
more
The ongoing war in Ukraine has made it difficult to access to vital health-care services and supplies, particularly for people living close to conflict zones. These challenges include limited access to medications and pharmacies as well as concerns over the affordability of
...
medicines in areas deemed high- or very high-risk due to ongoing hostilities. To address this issue, the WHO Country Office in Ukraine has launched an initiative to distribute OTC health-care kits to people living in these high-risk areas.
more
Control of pollution from antibiotic manufacturing is a key part of safeguarding the longevity of antibiotics for all. Pollution contributes to antibiotic resistance and potentially undermines the effectiveness of medicines. High levels of antibioti
...
cs in water bodies downstream of manufacturing sites have been widely documented. Currently, antibiotic pollution from manufacturing is largely unregulated and quality assurance criteria typically do not address environmental emissions.
more
You can’t cure asthma. However, you can take steps to control the disease and prevent its symptoms. For example:
-Learn about your asthma and ways to control it
-Follow your written asthma action plan
-Use medicines as your doctor prescribes
...
(Here’s how to use your inhaler device)
-Identify and try to avoid things that make your asthma worse
-Keep track of your asthma symptoms and level of control
-Get regular checkups for your asthma
more
Asthma Action Plan
Doctor’s Name:
Doctor’s Phone Number:
Main Emergency Contact:
Backup Emergency Contact:
Green Zone: No coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath.
Can do usual activities:
Every day: Take these medicines
...
, even if you’re not having any symptoms.
Avoid triggers that you know make your asthma worse.
Medicine: / How much to take: / When to take:
Before you exercise: Take 2 or 4 Puffs of_____ 5 minutes before you start, as needed.
...
more
