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Draft Proposed programme budget 2022–2023: Building forward better

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2021) CC

The development of this draft Proposed programme budget 2022–2023 comes at a unique moment for WHO. The world is in the grip of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and faces health, social and economic consequences on an unprecedented scale. Although it is not known when the COVID-19 pande... more

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Donor Funding for Newborn Survival: An Analysis of Donor-Reported Data, 2002–2010

Pitt1, C.; J. E. Lawn; M. Ranganathan et al. PLoS Med (2012) CC

Background:Neonatal mortality accounts for 43% of global under-five deaths and is decreasing more slowly than maternal or child mortality. Donor funding has increased for maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH), but no analysis to date has disaggregated aid for newborns. We evaluated if and how a... more

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Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease (‎COVID-19)‎: a living guideline, 9 October 2023

World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC

The Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a living guideline consolidates technical guidance developed and published during the COVID-19 pandemic into evidence-informed recommendations for infection prevention and control (IPC). This living guideline... more

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World Heart Federation Roadmap for Heart Failure

Ferreira, J.P.; Kraus, S.; Mitchell, S. et al. Global Heart (2019) CC

In 2012, all Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed a historical target to reduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCD). This commitment was echoed in 2015 by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which included a target to reduce premature morta... more

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Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease and Polyvascular Disease

Aday A.W.; Matsushita, K. Circulation Research (2021) CC

Atherosclerotic lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including advanced age, smoking, and diabetes, are ... more

Strengthening pandemic preparedness and response through integrated modelling

OECD; World Health Organization WHO; World Bank (2024) CC

The far-reaching impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the critical need for evidence-informed, transparent and inclusive decision-making. Policy-makers have grappled with complex choices amidst uncertainty. They have constantly reassessed response measures while navigating their economic impl... more

African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has adopted the AMR Global Action Plan and the African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2...020 – 2025, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of African nations through a coordinated approach. While most countries in the region have developed and prioritized National Action Plans (NAPs) to tackle AMR, the overall response remains inadequate given the magnitude of the threat, which endangers human, animal, environmental, aquatic, and plant health. Africa bears a significant burden of infectious diseases, accounting for approximately 95% of malaria deaths, 70% of people living with HIV, and 25% of TB deaths globally. In 2019, AMR was linked to approximately 55,000 deaths from HIV, 30,000 from malaria, and 255,000 overall. Major drivers of AMR in the region include the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human and food systems, migration, suboptimal vaccination rates, and environmental contamination from hospital and pharmaceutical effluents. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality-assured antimicrobials and diagnostics, compounded by inadequate knowledge about AMR. Unlike high-income countries, where indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the primary factor driving AMR, African countries face additional challenges, including a lack of access to clean and safe water, poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programs, inadequate infection prevention measures, and suboptimal vaccinations for preventable diseases. One in three hospitals in the region lacks clean, safe running water, and one in eight people defecate openly due to inadequate sanitation. Investments in WASH, infection prevention, and biosecurity could save approximately 700,000 lives annually. Addressing AMR in Africa requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach involving the entire society. Sustainable access to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutics, is crucial, as lack of access leads to more morbidity and mortality than AMR itself. Support for the region should focus on preventing infections, strengthening health and food systems, developing human resources, ensuring sustainable access to diagnostics and therapeutics, and investing in laboratory infrastructure to support surveillance and data generation. more

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Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Updates for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) - Guideline. As part of its response to the global epidemic of obesity, WHO has issued guidelines to support primary healthcare workers identify and manage children who are overweight or obese. Specifically, all infants and children ... more

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Continuum of HIV care Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2017 progress report

T. Noori European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C2

Special Report This report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Teymur Noori. Report review was provided by Andrew J. Amato-Gauci, Anastasia Pharris, Annabelle Gourlay, Amanda Mocroft, Jan C. Semenza, Denis Coulombier and Piotr Kramarz.

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Assessing the efficiency of rural health centres in Burkina Faso: an application of Data Envelopment Analysis

Marschall P., S.Flessa Journal of Public Health (2010) CC

In this paper we aim to provide information on the importance of efficiency measurement of health care facilities in developing countries. We state that efficiency measurement can be a substantial contribution to saving lives. Therefore we analyse the performance of health centres in rural Burkina F... more

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Statement of guidance and recommendations to African Union Member States on the epidemic modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) C1

Many African countries were amongst the most rapid to respond to the emerging threat of COVID-19, implementing large-scale interventions at very early stages of their epidemic. As demonstrated in this document using very simple models, this rapid mobilization and timeliness of implementing control m... more

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Clinical Management of Yellow Fever in the Region of the Americas. Experiences and Recommendations for Health Services

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2023) CC

The waves of yellow fever transmission in the Region of the Americas in 2016–2018 involved the largest number of human and epizootic cases to be reported in several decades. Yellow fever is a serious viral hemorrhagic disease that poses a challenge for health professionals. It requires early recog... more

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Vaccination in Acute Humanitarian Emergencies - A Framework for Decision Making
recommended

World Health Organization (2018) CC

Humanitarian emergencies, regardless of type and cause, have a number of common risk factors for communicable diseases inextricably linked to excess risk of morbidity and mortality which can come from vaccine–preventable diseases (VPDs). The reduction of VPDs is a significant aim of public-health ... more

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Rwanda Poverty Profile Report, 2013/14 - Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) (2015) C2

This report provides an update on the level of poverty based on 2013/14 Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV4) focusing on poverty as measured in consumption terms. The report also highlights other trend dimensions of living conditions captured in other surveys that complement and pro... more

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New Perspectives on Global Health Spending for Universal Health Coverag

Xu K., Soucat A., Kutzin J., et al. World Health Organization (2018) C_WHO

The report summarizes key global health expenditure patterns and trends, and illustrates the potential of the new database to inform thinking about financing reforms to progress towards UHC, and also raises issues for further research. It analyses the following areas:

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HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Systems of Monitoring

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

Monitoring is a crucial element in any successful programme. It is important to know if health care facilities – and ultimately countries – are meeting the agreed goals and objectives for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Monitoring is the on-going collection, management ...and use of information to assess whether an activity or programme is proceeding according to plan and/ or achieving defined targets. Not all outcomes of interest can be monitored. Clear outcomes must be identified that relate to the most important changes expected to result from the project and to what is realistic and measurable within the timescale of the project. Once these outcomes have been articulated, indicators can be chosen that best measure whether the desired outcomes are being met. To allow progress to be monitored, this module provides a set of indicators on CVD management. Agreeing on a set of indicators allows countries to compare progress in CVD management and treatment across different districts or subnational jurisdictions, as well as at a facility level, identify where performance can be improved, and track trends in implementation over time. Monitoring these indicators also helps identify problems that may be encountered so that implementation efforts can be redirected. This module starts from the collection of data at facility level, which is then “transferred up” the system: facility-level data are aggregated at subnational level to produce reports that allow tracking of facility and subnational performance over time and allow for comparison among facilities. National-level data are obtained through population-based surveys. Implementing a monitoring system requires action at many levels. At national and subnational levels, staff can determine how best to integrate data elements into existing data collection systems – such as the routine service-delivery data that are collected through facility-level Health Management Information Systems (HMIS). In the facility setting, personnel must be aware of what data are needed. Sample data-collection tools are included, recognizing that countries use different datamanagement systems for HMIS, so the CVD monitoring tools will be adapted to work with the HMIS system being used by the country, such that the indicators can be collected with minimal disruption/work to existing systems and tools more

Extreme heat: Preparing for the heatwaves of the future

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC; OCHA; Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre (2022) C1

Climate change is already having severe impacts across our planet, bringing new and previously unimaginable challenges to the people least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. This report, the first we’ve released jointly in the history of our organizations, provides a sobering review of h... more

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Ecuador's social policy response to Covid-19: expanding protection under high informality

Palacio, M.G. SSOAR (2021) CC

Covid-19 Social Policy Response Series / No.14 This report examines Ecuador’s social policy response to mitigate the Covid-19 pandemic’s effects and protect vulnerable populations. It chronologically traces containment, closure policies, social policies and programmes put in place following t... more

WHO Guideline on Country Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies

World Health Organization WHO World Health Organization (2020) C_WHO

In recent years, high prices of pharmaceutical products have posed challenges in high- and low-income countries alike. In many instances, high prices of pharmaceutical products have led to significant financial hardship for individuals and negatively impacted on healthcare systems’ ability to prov... more

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The World Medcines situation 2011 Rational use of Medicines

World Health Organization WHO (2011) C_WHO

Millennium Development Goal 8E aims for affordable access to essential medicines. Essential medicines, as defined by WHO, are those that “satisfy the health-care needs of the majority of the population” and that should therefore “be available at all times in adequate amounts”. However, there... more

Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition recommended

Vaccination in Acute Humanitarian Emergencies - A Framework for Decision Making recommended

Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition
recommended

Vaccination in Acute Humanitarian Emergencies - A Framework for Decision Making
recommended