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At least half of the world’s population does not have full coverage of essential health services. Health expenses push more than 100 million peop...
Needs assessment and analysis
Collect and analyze sex, age and disability disaggregated data (SADDD) ... conduct a participatory gender analysis to understand different health needs, capacities, barriers and aspirations and identify populations with special health requirements
Population demographics. E.g. pregnant and lactating women, infants, elderly, unaccompanied children, persons with disabilities, chronically ill persons 9 Gender roles and power dynamics. E.g. ability of women, girls, men and boys to make health decisions and access services; roles and responsibility of household members in health.
Gender and cultural norms and practices. E.g. preference for mixed/segregated facilities and staff; socio-cultural and religious taboos and beliefs around health, practices and beliefs on menstruation, practices and expectations on pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding; traditional health care providers
Intersectional issues. E.g. access to health care for LGBTIQ persons, for GBV survivors, for adolescent girls and boys
Globally, there is increased advocacy for community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes. Like other low and middle-income countries (LMICs), Tanzania officially established the Community ... Fund (CHF) in 2001 for rural areas; and Tiba Kwa Kadi (TIKA) for urban population since 2009. This study investigated the implementation of TIKA scheme in urban districts of Tanzania.
Providing financial protection to the population for larger health care expenses arising out of hospital-based care, has come forth as a crucial element in the attainment of Universal ... Coverage (UHC) through the recent health financing reforms of low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Over the last decade, the state of Assam in India, in an effort to ensure equitable health care access, has formulated multiple health protection schemes at different points of time. This has resulted in several such schemas which have had their own objectives, designs, institutional setups, and governance mechanisms. Moreover, they have reportedly been operating in relative silos.
The power relations around global decisions which shape population health can be changed through new alliances and information flows. The Democrati...
Over the past few decades and throughout the world, the landscape of adolescent health has been altered dramatically. Currently, the total population...
The region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has high levels of income inequality and urbanization. This leaves a large percentage of the populatio... exposed and vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks (1). The COVID-19 outbreak occurred suddenly, within a complex economic, social and political context and at a time of low economic growth and high levels of informal labour. Structural challenges of poverty, deep inequality across different dimensions, and weak health and social protection systems exacerbated the region’s vulnerability to the pandemic
April 2022 Volume 35 Issue 2 e00152-21
Population movements have turned Chagas disease (CD) into a global public health problem. Despite the successful implementation of subregional initiatives to...
Each year, 33000 people die from an infection due to bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The burden of infections with bacteria resistant to antibiotics on the European population is comparable to that of influenza, tuberculosis ... HIV/AIDS combined.
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of health complications and mortality worldwide, especially affecting lower-income groups, who tend to be more exposed ... vulnerable. This study documents the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure and poverty in 211 countries and territories. Using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2021 revised fine particulate matter (PM2.5) thresholds, we show that globally, 7.3 billion people are directly exposed to unsafe average annual PM2.5 concentrations, 80 percent of whom live in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, 716 million of the world’s lowest income people (living on less than $1.90 per day) live in areas with unsafe levels of air pollution, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Air pollution levels are particularly high in lower-middle-income countries, where economies tend to rely more heavily on polluting industries and technologies. These findings are based on high-resolution air pollution and population maps with global coverage, as well as subnational poverty estimates based on harmonized household surveys.
This report aims to outline the current available knowledge on the health and wellbeing of older persons in the Region of the Americas during the United Nations Decade of ... Ageing (2021-2030). It also seeks to guide political actions towards ensuring the human rights of older persons, and describes the negotiation and drafting process behind the Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human Rights of Older Persons. It reports on the doctrinal and legal developments that led the Region of the Americas to draft the Convention and describes its action areas and guaranteed rights, as well as the obligations assumed by the States Parties. The Convention is an essential tool to advance the strategies of the Decade of Healthy Ageing. This publication reflects on the importance of having a major legal instrument for this purpose at the international level. The demographic transition in Latin America and the Caribbean will continue to shape the ability of countries and health systems to respond to the needs of the population. Given this reality, international instruments will be needed to guarantee the full enjoyment of the human rights of older persons. In order to design inclusive and sustainable systems, accurate, updated, and effective information is required. The Decade of Healthy Ageing––the initiative that constitutes the framework for this document––is a strategic period in which to focus on data generation and monitoring.
This paper outlines the background to and design of the Health Financing Progress Matrix (HFPM), WHO’s standardized qualitative approach to assessing country ... financing systems. Primarily qualitative in nature, the HFPM assesses a country’s health financing institutions, processes, policies and their implementation, benchmarked against good practice in the context of universal health coverage (UHC). The paper also details processes which ensure that country assessments are credible. While health financing is only one of the core functions of a health system, it significantly influences both the extent to which the population accesses health services, and the extent to which they face financial hardship in the process. Through a forward-looking assessment process the HFPM contributes to building resilience within health systems, which also contributes directly to improved emergency preparedness and response.
This report aims to raise awareness about the role that the reform of public health laws can play in advancing the right to health and in creating ...
The attainment of Zambia’s goal of being a prosperous and middle-income country by 2030 as stipulated in its Vision 2030 is dependent on among others, a healthy ... productive population. Therefore, the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) has prioritized health as a key socio-economic investment in the Seventh National Development Plan 2017-2021. The government is also committed to achieving the targets under the health goal number three and other health related targets under other goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development agenda. Despite progress which has been made in improving the health of Zambians, the country still faces a high burden of communicable diseases and a growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Structural and social deprivation including poverty, inequalities and marginalisation also remain major threats to health. In order to effectively address all the social determinants of health, all sectors should take into account health and well-being as a key element of policy development.
Primary care - Putting people first: This chapter describes how primary care brings promotion and prevention, cure and care together in a safe, effective ... socially productive way at the interface between the population and the health system.
Public Health is the science field dedicated to promoting health and well-being, and preventing ...
This is a case-ascertained prospective investigation of all identified health care contacts working in a health care facility in which a laboratory confirmed 2019-nCoV infected patient (see 2.2 Stud...
Regional implementation framework for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem: 2021–2030
recommended
Cervical cancer continues to be a significant public health problem and a major cause of premature mortality among women, disproportionately affecting the socioeconomically disadvantaged ... in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In the absence of implementing the known evidence-based, cost-effective interventions, the number of deaths per year is projected to reach approximately 416 000 globally in 2035. It was estimated in 2020 that 32% of incident cervical cancer cases and 34% of cervical cancer deaths in the world occurred in the 11 Member States of the WHO South-East Asia (SEA) Region. In 2020, 190 874 new cases and 116 015 deaths were estimated due to cervical cancer, which is the third commonest cancer in the Region
In this video we take a look at Public Health – the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting ... through the organized efforts of society. Public health focuses on improving the health of a population and preventing health problems before they happen. It is a broad field and covers a range of topics such as air pollution, epidemiology, communicable disease control, risk assessment and health promotion. We’ll take a look at what public health is, how it is different to clinical medicine, who is responsible for doing it and how it’s done!
Government of Nepal has an obligation to ensure availability of affordable and high quality basic health care services to its population
