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Dengue Vaccine | CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2023) C2

Website last accessed on 31.03.2023 Dengue vaccine for 9 to 16 year old's with previous dengue infection.

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Antibiotic resistance: Growing resistance to last-line antibiotics

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2013) C2

Carbapenems are a major last-line class of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.The spread of carbapenem-resistant infections is a threat to healthcare andpatient safety in Europe as it serious... more

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Key messages for professionals in hospitals and other healthcare settings - Website

European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC (2019) C_CDC

Key messages for professionals working at hospitals and other healthcare settings: managers/administrators, infectious disease specialists, infection prevention and control professionals, epidemiolo... more

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Manufacturing Facility Assessment Toolkit
recommended

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2020) CC

Tools and resources for occupational safety and health professionals and state and local public health officials assessing manufacturing facilities. Occupational safety and health professionals and state and local public health officials can use these tools to assess coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID... more

Interim guidance for healthcare providers and Zika virus laboratory diagnosis
recommended

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

This document aims to present an algorithm for deciding whom to test and provide guidance on the laboratory tests for Zika virus infection diagnosis in order to support clinical diagnostic and case reporting through surveillance among EU Member Stat... more

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Avoid Duplicative Anaerobic Coverage

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2019) C_CDC

CDC’s Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs suggests that pharmacists review antibiotic therapy that is unnecessarily duplicative, including the use of agents with overlapping spectra. The combination of two agents with anaerobic activity is unnecessary in most cases. Exception... more

Making Health Care Safer – Antibiotic Rx in Hospitals: Proceed with Caution

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2019) C_CDC

Antibiotics save lives, but poor prescribing practices are putting patients at unnecessary risk for preventable allergic reactions, super-resistant infections, and deadly diarrhea. Errors in prescribing decisions also contribute to antibiotic resis... more

Action Protocol for Enhanced SARI and ILI Surveillance for COVID-19 in Africa

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C2

March 2020 The number of African Union Member States reporting COVID- 19 cases is increasing and there is a likelihood of community transmission. The WHO recently modified the COVID-19 suspect case definition to include severe acute respiratory infection... and advises testing of all severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) cases.1 However, many Member States have not yet started implementing these changes, they are still focussing surveillance efforts on individuals with travel history to an area with local COVID-19 transmission. This means patients with similar symptoms, but no apparent contact, may not be investigated. more

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Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs. Antibiotic Stewardship Program Assessement Tool
recommended

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2019) C_CDC

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that hospital based programs dedicated to improving antibiotic use, commonly referred to as “Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs),” can both optimize the treatment of infections and reduce adverse events... more

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CDC-DPDx- Leishmaniasis

Division of Parasitic Diseases DPDx Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2017) CC

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals. These include the L. donovani co... more

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About Leishmaniasis

Centers for disease control and prevention CDC (2020) C_CDC

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several diffe... more

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Parasites - Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness)

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2019) CC

Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through repeated bites by blackflies of the genus Simulium. The disease is called river blindness because the blackfly that transmits the ... lives and breeds near fast-flowing streams and rivers, mostly near remote rural villages. The infection can result in visual impairment and sometimes blindness. Additionally, onchocerciasis can cause skin disease, including intense itching, rashes, or nodules under the skin. Worldwide onchocerciasis is second only to trachoma as an infectious cause of blindness. more

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Clinical Overview of Leishmaniasis

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2020) C_CDC

The term leishmaniasis encompasses multiple clinical syndromes, including the cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral forms, which result from infection of macrophages in the dermis, in the naso-orpharyngeal mucosa, and throughout the reticuloendothelial s... more

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Guidance for the African Region

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and ... more

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Factsheet for the general public - Antimicrobial resistance

European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC (2019) C2

Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are medicines that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to cure infections in people, animals and sometimes plants. Antibiotics are medicines for bacterial ... (such as pneumococcal pneumonia or staphylococcal bloodstream infections); antimicrobial drugs that are effective against viruses are usually called antiviral drugs (such as those for influenza, HIV and herpes). Not all antibiotics are active against all bacteria. There are more than 15 different classes of antibiotics that differ in their chemical structure and their action against bacteria. An antibiotic may be effective against only one or multiple types of bacteria. more

Déclaration sur l’utilisation de l’ivermectine pour la COVID-19

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) C1

L’ivermectine est un médicament antiparasitaire approuvé pour le traitement des infections parasitaires, y compris la strongyloïdose et l’onchocercose, chez l’être humain. Récemment, on a indiqué une augmentation de l’utilisation de l�... more

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Epidemiología y factores de riesgo

Centers for disease control and prevention CDC (2022) CC

La enfermedad de Chagas, también conocida como tripanosomiasis americana, es causada por el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi. La forma más común de contraer la infección es a través del contacto con las heces de un insecto triatominio (conocido con ... more

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Handbook on TB laboratory diagnostic methods in the European Union

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

The aim of this handbook is to provide network members and other laboratories involved in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, with an agreed list of key diagnostic methods and their protocols in various areas of TB diagnosis, ranging from microbiological diagnosis of active TB to the diagnosis of latent ... more

Antimicrobials use, reistance and containment baseline survey (Ethiopia)

Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia , et al. (2009) C1

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a result of the use, overuse and misuse of antibiotics both in humans and animals. In Ethiopia, there are indications on the misuse of antibiotics by health care providers’, unskilled practitioners, and drug consumers. These coupled with rapid spread of res... more

Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

Manufacturing Facility Assessment Toolkit recommended

Interim guidance for healthcare providers and Zika virus laboratory diagnosis recommended

Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs. Antibiotic Stewardship Program Assessement Tool recommended

Manufacturing Facility Assessment Toolkit
recommended

Interim guidance for healthcare providers and Zika virus laboratory diagnosis
recommended

Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs. Antibiotic Stewardship Program Assessement Tool
recommended