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Nature Reviews Microbiology Vol. 17 (2019)pp.51-62 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) technologies help to accelerate the initiation of targeted antimicrobial therapy for patients with infections and could potentially extend the lifespan of current narrow- spectrum antimicrobials. Althoug ... more
Accessed Febr. 6, 2020
Standard Treatment Guidelines
Antibiotics use with care
A patient leaflet for primary care prescribers to hand out to patients: it explains to patients what antibiotic resistance is and why appropriate use of antibiotics is important.
The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) is a global federation of national associations of pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. In order to support these associations in their fight against AMR, FIP has prepared this briefing document. It is an overview of the different activities ... more
This guideline provides advice in regards to applications for Marketing Authorisations for antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) on the data required and the methodology to be used for performing an assessment of the risk to public health from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to use o ... more
These Guidelines on prudent use of antimicrobials in human health are based on a technical report prepared by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) with input from EU Member States experts and stakeholders, which should be referred to for details of the methodology used in cr ... more
This is the first NAP on the Prevention and Containment of AMR in Kenya. It has been developed based on the National Policy on Prevention and Containment of AMR and the recommendations of the situation analysis on AMR conducted in 2011 and updated in 2016. This strategy provides a regulatory and imp ... more
El Plan Nacional para enfrentar la resistencia a los antimicrobianos 2017 – 2021, representa la respuesta del país ante la amenaza creciente de la resistencia antimicrobiana y el incremento en el uso de los antimicrobianos, es un instrumento que busca integrar una respuesta multisectorial y multi ... more
The microbiology laboratory database software. WHONET is a desktop Windows application for the management and analysis of microbiology laboratory data with a particular focus on antimicrobial resistance surveillance. WHONET, available in 28 languages, supports local, national, regional, and global ... more
The Ghanaian Cabinet approved the antimicrobial resistance (AMR)Policy and Implementation plan(hereafter referred to as the national action plan or NAP)in December 2017, whilst the country case study was in progress. This has set in motion the implementation phase for Ghana, which is a long awaited ... more
The WHO CIA List should be used as a reference to help formulate and prioritize risk assessment and risk management strategies for containing antimicrobial resistance. The WHO CIA List supports strategies to mitigate the human health risks associated with antimicrobial use in ... more
This document updates the 2014 Core Elements for Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs and incorporates new evidence and lessons learned from experience with the Core Elements. The Core Elements are applicable in all hospitals, regardless of size. There are suggestions specific to small and criti ... more
A regional guide for governments in Asia and the Pacific to review, update and develop policies to address antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in animal production
Historically, the discovery of the sulfa drugs in the 1930s and the subsequent development of penicillin during World War II ushered in a new era in the treatment of infectious diseases. Infections that were common causes of death and disease in the pre- ... more
A guide for practical implementation in adult and pediatric emergency department and urgent care settings
Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated efforts and activities that seek to measure and improve use of antibiotics. Implementation of ASPs has demonstrated positive public health and clinical impacts including reducing costs, lengths of hospital stays, and the burden of antibiotic resistance wh ... more