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Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia
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Robert Koch Institut
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Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF
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RohrI, J.R.
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Rojas-Rueda, D.
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Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group)
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Roy, S. et al.
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Royal Pharmaceutical Society, etal.
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Rugigana, Etienne, Francine Birungi, and Manassé Nzayirambaho
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S. Buchan
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S. E. Krauss
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S. Galwankar
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S. Gupta
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S. H.-L. Fry
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S. Hatherill
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S. L. Asangbeh, et.al.
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S. L. Barnabas
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S. MK Tan
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S. Ripoll and S. Carter
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S. Vorkorper
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S.Mares
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Saarnak, C.
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Sai Sam Hkam
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Sanni-Adeniyi, O. et al.
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Saraf, P.
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Save the Children
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Schmidt, B. et al.
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Schwalm, J.
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SCIELO
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Semmes, Oliver John
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Seth Mnookin
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Seung Hee Lee-Kwan, et al.
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Séverin, T. et al.
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Shears, Paul, T.J.D. O'Dempsey
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Shekhar Saxena , Etienne Krug, Oleg Chestnov et al.
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Shilpa Ross et al.
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Siddharthan, T.
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Sightsavers, Department for International Development, The International Trachoma Initiative , et al.
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Sikora, R.A.
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Singh-Phulgenda, S., Dahal, P., Ngu, R. et al.
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Social Science in Humanitarian Action
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Sociedad Venezolana de Salud Pública
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Societé francaise d'anesthésie et de réanimation (SFAR)
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South Africa Med. J.
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South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA)
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Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Speier, A.H.
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Spigel, Lauren
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Ssewanyana, D.
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Stephen N. Wong, Jane R. Campos, Ian Homer Y. Cua et al.
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Stephen Sheppard, Richard Hill
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Stop TB
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Strange, A.
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STRIVE
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Subho Chakrabarti
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Susanne Habetha, Sabrina Bleich, Christoph Sievers, Ursula Marschall, Jörg Weidenhammer, Jörg M. Fegert
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Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative SIANI
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T. D. Vloet
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T. Frieden
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T. Jans
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T. Rahman
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T. Wenzel
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Tabitha Hrynick, T.
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Tamara Adrián-Hernandez,Elham Atalla, George Ayala et al.
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Tarun Gera, Dheeraj Shah, Paul Garner et al.
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Terzic, C.P. et al.
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The Health & Education Advice & Resource Team (HEART)
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The Kings Fund
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The Lancet Global Health
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The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health
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The Sphere Project
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The World Bank
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Theingy Aye et al.
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Thembelihle Hlophe, S.
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Thomas Jans Yesim Taneli Andreas Warnke
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Thomson, H.
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Thomson, M.C.
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Thomson, R.
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Tjaden, N.B.
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Traidl-Hoffmann, C.
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Treudler, R.
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Tribuna del Investigador
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Turkova, A.
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U.S. Department of Homeland Security
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U.S. Global Change Research Program
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Umbas, R., S. Hardjowijoto, C.A. Mochtar, et al.,
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UN
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UN Environment Programme
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UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
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UNDP
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Unicef, OPAS
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UNITE FOR DIABETES PHILIPPINES
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United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
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USAID
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van Sebille, E.
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Velasco-Tirado, V.
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Verwey and Gopalan
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Villella, Christina
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Vorster, J.M.
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Walker, N.F.
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Wambugu, Samuel
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Watkins, J:W.
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Weese, J.
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Weiss, A.
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Wesam B Darawsheh
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WHO SEARO/Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
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Wilkinson, J.L.
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Winona State University
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Wisner, B
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Wolters Kluwer
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Y. Cheng
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Yotsu,R.R.
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Z.-S. Cheng
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Zaman, M.
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Zida, A.
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Zinsou, C.
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Zoila Caridad Moros, Ferdinando Liprandi, Flor Helene Pujol
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ВОЗ
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ВОЗ и Международная организация по проблемам болезни Альцгеймера
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Всемирная организация здравоохранения
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Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения - Европейское региональное бюро
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Дженнифер Батлер
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Джорджа Айалы
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Фонд Организации Объединенных Наций в области народонаселения
Interim guidance, 26 October 2021
This interim guidance has been developed on the basis of the advice issued by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization at its meeting on 5 October 2021.
SAGE said moderately and severely immunocompromised persons should be offered an addition...al dose of all WHO approved vaccines “since these individuals are less likely to respond adequately to vaccination following a standard primary vaccine series and are at high risk of severe COVID-19 disease.”
People aged 60 and older who received the Sinovac and Sinopharm vaccines should get a third dose too, the experts added, though use of other vaccines may also be considered depending on supply and access.
“When implementing this recommendation, countries should initially aim at maximizing 2-dose coverage in that population, and thereafter administer the third dose, starting in the oldest age groups”, they said.
SAGE has also reviewed a vaccine developed by Indian company Bharat Biotech and will issue a policy recommendation after WHO greenlights it for emergency use.more
The frequency of infectious disease epidemics is increasing, and the role of the health sector in the management of epidemics is crucial in terms of response. In the context of infectious disease epidemics, the use of climate-informed early warning systems (EWS) has the potential to increase the eff...ectiveness of disease control by intervening before or at the beginning of the epidemic curve, instead of during the downward slope.
Currently, the initiation of interventions is heavily reliant on routine disease surveillance systems – data that often arrive too late for preventative response. However, forecasting of disease outbreaks using surveillance and weather information shows promising potential – there also remains further scope to examine seasonal climate forecasts. By combining these elements in new EWS based on computational models, it will be possible to improve both the timeliness and impact of disease control. The World Health Organization (WHO) is strengthening existing surveillance systems for infectious diseases to enable the development of more robust and timely EWS, which has resulted in the rapid development and innovation of EWS for disease outbreaks.more
The strategic framework gives guidance to public and private health facilities and health workers on compliance with standards relating to IPC practices. To further assist health facilities to implement the IPC strategic framework, this practical implementation manual has been developed in parallel ...to accompany the document.
These implementation strategies should be read in conjunction with the National Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Strategic Framework (2020) to support an IPC programme at health facility level towards reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This manual is aligned with the World Health Organization (WHO) Core Component IPC programme recommendations and highlights the essentials for developing and improving IPC at health facility level in a systematic, stepwise manner for South Africa. It supports the Framework for the Prevention and Containment of AMR in South African Hospitals (2018).more
Hendra virus (HeV) continues to pose a serious public health concern as spillover events occur sporadically. Terminally ill horses can exhibit a range of clinical signs including frothy nasal discharge, ataxia or forebrain signs. Early signs, if detected, can include depression, inappetence, colic o...r mild respiratory signs. All unvaccinated ill horses in areas where flying foxes exist, may potentially be infected with HeV, posing a significant risk to the veterinary community. Equivac® HeV vaccine has been fully registered in Australia since 2015 (and under an Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority special permit since 2012) for immunization of horses against HeV and is the most effective and direct solution to prevent disease transmission to horses and protect humans. No HeV vaccinated horse has tested positive for HeV infection. There is no registered vaccine to prevent, or therapeutics to treat, HeV infection in humans. Previous equine HeV outbreaks tended to cluster in winter overlapping with the foaling season (August to December), when veterinarians and horse owners have frequent close contact with horses and their bodily fluids, increasing the chance of zoonotic disease transmission. The most southerly case was detected in 2019 in the Upper Hunter region in New South Wales, which is Australia's Thoroughbred horse breeding capital. Future spillover events are predicted to move further south and inland in Queensland and New South Wales, aligning with the moving distribution of the main reservoir hosts. Here we (1) review HeV epidemiology and climate change predicted infection dynamics, (2) present a biosecurity protocol for veterinary clinics and hospitals to adopt, and (3) describe diagnostic tests currently available and those under development. Major knowledge and research gaps have been identified, including evaluation of vaccine efficacy in foals to assess current vaccination protocol recommendations.more
The arrival and rapid spread of the mosquito-borne viral disease Chikungunya across the Americas is one of the most significant public health developments of recent years, preceding and mirroring the subsequent spread of Zika. Globalization in trade and travel can lead to the importation of these vi...ruses, but climatic conditions strongly affect the efficiency of transmission in local settings. In order to direct preparedness for future outbreaks, it is necessary to anticipate global regions that could become suitable for Chikungunya transmission. Here, we present global correlative niche models for autochthonous Chikungunya transmission. These models were used as the basis for projections under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. In a further step, hazard maps, which account for population densities, were produced. The baseline models successfully delineate current areas of active Chikungunya transmission. Projections under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios suggest the likelihood of expansion of transmission-suitable areas in many parts of the world, including China, sub-Saharan Africa, South America, the United States and continental Europe. The models presented here can be used to inform public health preparedness planning in a highly interconnected world.more
This policy paper outlines key health financing policy actions for countries to ensure universal access to health services and financial protection for people fleeing conflict. It focuses on three policy areas – granting entitlement and ensure access to the full range of needed health services for... people fleeing conflict, making additional funding available and strengthening purchasing arrangements. Policy guidance is illustrated using country examples from Europe. The paper’s recommendations are relevant to all countries in Europe.more
To improve the quality of care during labour and childbirth, facilitate effective implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience, published in 2018, and promote a shift towards improving the experience of childbirth, WHO d...eveloped the WHO Labour Care Guide (LCG) and an accompanying WHO labour care guide: user's manual. The WHO LCG is a tool to facilitate implementation of quality, evidence-based, woman-centred care for a positive childbirth experience within the context of a broader, rights-based approach.
The goal of this policy brief is to provide maternal and newborn health stakeholders and decision-makers with an overview of the WHO LCG and its guiding principles, key advantages of making the shift from the WHO partograph to the WHO LCG, and what is required to ensure an enabling environment that will facilitate a sustainable introduction of the WHO LCG.more
Schools are generally the most popular setting for drug-use-
prevention programmes, and are used both by governmental and
non-governmental agencies. This may be for many reasons: ease of
obtaining funding for school drug-use-prevention programmes, the
captive audience, and the popular perception... that drug prevention
should start from schools, or the need to show that action is being
taken to control a serious social problem.more
This training module is designed to equip health workers (HWs) with
knowledge, skills, confidence and resources to help them in their role to recommend the Human Papillomavirus
(HPV) vaccine.
The major neglected tropical diseases, Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium are presumed to be widely distributed in Africa. Taenia solium taeniosis/ cysticercosis has been reported as an emerging disease in different regions of Af...rica [1, 2], but currently the exact distribution remains unclear. Reported prevalences of T. solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in African countries are not extensive and are further complicated by the lack of ‘gold standard’ tests for diagnosis.more
Human rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria–the most populous country in Africa–rabies causes a significant public health burden partly due to perennial obstacles to implementing a national prevention and control progra...m.more
The standards define 10 key competencies for health and care workers to support self-care in their clinical practice as well as the specific, measurable behaviours that demonstrate those competencies, focusing on people-centredness; decision-making; effective communication; collaboration; evidence-i...nformed practice, and personal conduct.more
The 2018 global health financing report presents health spending data for all WHO Member States between 2000 and 2016 based on the SHA 2011 methodology. It shows a transformation trajectory for the global spending on health, with increasing domestic public funding and declining external financing. T...his report also presents, for the first time, spending on primary health care and specific diseases and looks closely at the relationship between spending and service coveragemore
Reducing the global suicide mortality rate by a third by 2030 is a target of both the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the WHO Global Mental Health Action Plan. However, an impediment to meeting this goal is the fact that suicide and suicide attempts remain illegal in at least 23 countries world...wide. Decriminalization of suicide and suicide attempts represents one critical step governments can take in their efforts to prevent suicide. The WHO Policy Brief on the health aspects of decriminalization of suicide and suicide attempts cites data and research to make a case for decriminalizing suicide globally. It also includes case examples from countries that have recently decriminalized suicide and suicide attempts — Guyana and Pakistan, Singapore,— providing important insights to policy-makers, legislators, parliamentarians and other decision-makers.more
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global deaths, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The primary and secondary prevention of CVD is suboptimal throughout the world, but the evidence-practice gaps are much more pronounced in LMIC. Barriers at the... patient, health-care provider, and health system level prevent the implementation of optimal primary and secondary prevention. Identification of the particular barriers that exist in resource-constrained settings is necessary to inform effective strategies to reduce the identified evidence-practice gaps. Furthermore, targeting modifiable factors that contribute most significantly to the global burden of CVD, including tobacco use, hypertension, and secondary prevention for CVD will lead to the biggest gains in mortality reduction. We review a select number of novel, resource-efficient strategies to reduce premature mortality from CVD, including: (1) effective measures for tobacco control; (2) implementation of simplified screening and management algorithms for those with or at risk of CVD, (3) increasing the availability and affordability of simplified and cost-effective treatment regimens including combination CVD preventive drug therapy, and (4) simplified delivery of health care through task-sharing (non-physician health workers) and optimizing self-management (treatment supporters). Developing and deploying systems of care that address barriers related to the above, will lead to substantial reductions in CVD and related mortality.more