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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

Infection prevention and control measures when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed respiratory diphtheria: a summary

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

This operational guide addresses important infection prevention and control (IPC) measures that should be implemented during a diphtheria outbreak and primarily addresses respiratory Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheria).

Always included: Uninterpreted education for children with disabilities before, during, and after a crisis

Handicap International (2023) CC

Globally, some 72 million children are out of school due to emergencies and protracted crises. Of these, at least 17% are children with disabilities.1 Yet, education in a crisis context can be a l... more

The state of diabetes treatment coverage in 55 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data in 680 102 adults

Flood, D.; Seiglie, J.A.; Dunn, M.; et al. The Lancet healthy Longevity (2021) C2

Approximately 80% of the 463 million adults worldwide with diabetes live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). A major obstacle to designing evidence-based policies to improve diabetes outcomes in LMICs is the scarce availability of nat... more

Individual-level data in 680 102 adults, The state of diabetes treatment coverage in 55 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative

Flood, D.; Seiglie, J.A.; Dunn, M.; et al. The Lancet healthy Longevity (2021) C2

Diabète - Le nombre de personnes atteintes de diabète est passé de 108 millions en 1980 à 422 millions en 2014

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

Le nombre de personnes atteintes de diabète est passé de 108 millions en 1980 à 422 millions en 2014

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The state of diabetes treatment coverage in 55 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data in 680 102 adults 2021

Flood, D.; Seiglie, J.A.; Dunn, M.; et al. The Lancet Healthy Longevity Volume 2, Issue 6e340-e351June 2021 (2021) CC2

Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective

Lelieveld, J.; Pozzer, A.; Pöschl, U. et al. Cardiovascular Research (2020) CC

Long-term exposure of humans to air pollution enhances the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. A novel Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) has been derived from many cohort studies, providing much-improved coverage of the exposure to... more

Assessing the Impact of Workforce Nutrition Programmes on Nutrition, Health and Business Outcomes: A Review of the Global Evidence and Future Research Agenda

Dhillon, C.N.; Ortenzi, F. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2023) CC

One in three people globally suffers from at least one form of malnutrition, leading to poor health outcomes and low productivity in the workplace. The workplace offers an important, relatively unexploited opportunity to address malnutrition in all its forms. This narrative literature review aims to... more

Social media interventions targeting exercise and diet behaviours in people with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs): A systematic review

McKeon, G.; Papadopoulos, E.; Firth, J. et al. Internet Interventions (2022) CC

In this systematic review, we aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of social media interventions targeting physical activity and/or diet for people with NCDs, the effectiveness of improving exercise and diet behaviours, specific design components used to promote user engagement and the... more

Perspectives on Underlying Factors for Unhealthy Diet and Sedentary Lifestyle of Adolescents at a Kenyan Coastal Setting

Ssewanyana, D.; Abubakar, A.; Van Baar, A. et al. Frontiers in Public Health (2018) CC

The article explores the underlying factors influencing unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles among adolescents in Kilifi County, Kenya. Using a qualitative approach, the study involved interviews and focus group discussions with adolescents, sta... more

Follow-up care delivery in community-based hypertension and type 2 diabetes management: a multi-centre, survey study among rural primary care physicians in China

Wang, y.; Hu, X.; Wang, H.H.X.; et al. BMC Primary Care (2021) CC2

Follow-up care is crucial but challenging for disease management particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare resources and clinical capacity, yet few studies have been conducted from the perspective of rural primary care physicians (PCPs). We assessed the frequency of follow-up care delivere... more

Trends in silicosis prevalence and the healthy worker effect among gold miners in South Africa: a prevalence study with follow up of employment status

Knight, D.; Ehrlich, R.; Fielding, K.; et al. BMC Public Health (2015) CC2

Given the intimate association between silicosis and tuberculosis, understanding the epidemiology of the South African gold mining industry silicosis epidemic is essential to current initiatives to control both silicosis and tuberculosis in this population, one of the most heavily affected globally.... more

The Child and the liberation from the shadow of the terrible big fear. A Trauma-Picture-Book about Help for Parents und their Child

Stein, S. (2017) C2

The Child and the liberation from the shadow of the terrible big fear Дитина і звільнення від тіні її надзвичайно великого страху Trauma Bilderbuch Ілюстрована книга

External Link (76)

L'IFRC intensifie sa réponse au mpox en Afrique alors qu'une urgence sanitaire mondiale a été déclarée

Internation Federation of Red Cross (2024) CC

Communiqué de presse

Conseils de santé publique concernant la récente flambée de variole du singe (orthopoxvirose simienne) à l’intention des homosexuels, des bisexuels et des autres hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels av

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Une flambée de maladie connue sous le nom de « variole du singe » sévit actuellement dans de nombreux pays où il n’y a généralement pas de cas. Cette situation peut être préoccupante, notamment pour les personnes dont les proches ou la co... more

Plan stratégique pour la préparation, la capacité d’intervention et la riposte face à la variole simienne: Lignes directrices pour la planification des óperations

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

Lignes Directrices

Challenges in the diagnosis of asthma in children, what are the solutions? A scoping review of 3 countries in sub Saharan Africa 2022

Magwenzi, P.; Rusakaniko, S.; Sibanda, E.N.; Gumbo, F.Z. (2022) CC2

Asthma is the commonest chronic respiratory tract disease in children. In low-income countries, challenges exist in asthma diagnosis. In surveys done in children, the prevalence of ‘asthma’ defined by symptoms is high compared to ‘doctor diagnosed asthma’. The questions answered by this revi... more

La publicidad digital de fórmulas y alimentos infantiles influye en cómo alimentas a tu bebé y pone en riesgo su salud y la tuya.

UNICEF (2024) C_UNICEF

Infografia

Asthma management and control in children, adolescents, and adults in 25 countries: a Global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study

García-Marcos, L.; Chiang, C. Y.; Asher, I.; et al. The Lancet Global Health Volume 11, Issue 2e218-e228February 2023 (2023) CC2

Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. This study aimed to assess asthma medicine use, management plan availability, and disease control in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood across different country settings.