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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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An Introduction to Evaluation of Humanitarian Action. Course Manual

Margie Buchanan-Smith and John Telford Channel Research; ALNAP (2006)

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WHO Monographs On Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1

World Health Organization WHO (1999) C_WHO

• provide scientific information on the safety, efficacy, and quality control/ quality assurance of widely used medicinal plants, in order to facilitate their appropriate use in Member States; • provide models to assist Member States in developing their own mono- graphs or formularies for these... more

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Technical update on treatment optimization: use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV-infected children and adolescents aged 2–18 years: a public health perspective

World Health Organization (2012)

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WHO/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: a Public Health Problem of Global Concern

WHOOIE (2001)

This Manual covers all important aspects of echinococcosis, including parasite biology and life-cycles, geographic distribution and prevalence, epidemiology, clinical presentation in humans and animals, diagnosis and treatment, as well as control and prevention using newly developed tools and method... more

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Untangling the Web of Antiretroviral Price Reductions. 18th edition

MSF Access Campaign Médecins Sans Frontières (2016) C3

This report provides an update on the key facets of HIV treatment access, including the latest HIV treatment guidelines from World Health Organization (WHO), an overview on pricing for first-line, second-line, and salvage regimens, and a summary of the opportunities for – and threats to – expand... more

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Les premiers secours psychologiques : Guide pour les acteurs de terrain
recommended

OMS; WarTrauma; World Vision (2012) C_WHO

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Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents

Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents Department of Health and Human Services (2019) C2

Provide guidance to HIV care practitioners on the optimal use of antiretroviral (ARV) agents for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and adolescents.

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Gender in Water and Sanitation

The Water and Sanitation Program (2010)

Mainstreaming Gender in Water and Sanitation

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Integration of HIV/AIDS activities with food and nutrition support in refugee settings: specific programme strategies

UNHCR (2004)

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MANUAL DE TRATAMENTO DA CRIANÇA COM INFECÇÃO PELO HIV/SIDA EM MOÇAMBIQUE

República de Moçambique Direcção Nacional de Saúde - PNCDTS (2014) CC

Accessed at March 2014

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GUIDE THERAPEUTIQUE STANDARD

Ministere de la Sante, Rwanda (2007)

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Plan d'action pour la santé mentale 2013-2020
recommended

World Health Organization (2013) C_WHO

La santé mentale est importante mais il reste à l'échelle mondiale un long chemin à parcourir pour lui donner toute sa place. Il convient d'inverser de nombreuses tendances fâcheuses - les services et les soins de santé mentale trop souvent négligés, les violations des droits humains ou la d... more

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Measuring medicine prices, availability, affordability and price components

World Health Organization; hai global (2008) C_WHO

2nd edition - Published in 2003, the first WHO/HAI medicine prices manual Medicine Prices – A New Approach to Measurement Draft for field-testing provides a draft methodology and tools to conduct national medicine prices and availability surveys. This second edition of the survey manual has been... more

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Basic malaria microscopy. Part 1: Learner's guide
recommended

World Health Organization (2010) C_WHO

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Rahmenkonzept Ebolafieber. Vorbereitungen auf Maßnahmen in Deutschland (Stand: 31.5.2018)

Robert-Koch-Institut (2015) C1

Das Dokument soll dem Erkennen, Bewerten und Bewältigen des Auftretens von Ebolafieber in Deutschland dienen und richtet sich dabei primär an den öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst sowie medizinisches Fachpersonal in der klinischen, ambulanten und rettungsdienstlichen Versorgung in Deutschland. Es is... more

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Nutritional care of children and adults with Ebola virus disease in treatment centres

World Health Organization; UNICEF; World Food Programme (2014)

. Interim Guidelines. This interim guideline lays out some basic principles of optimal nutritional care for adults and paediatric patients during treatment and convalescence in Ebola treatment units, community care centres or to other centres where Ebola patients are receiving care and support. It h... more

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Prise en charge nutritionnelle des enfants et des adultes atteints de maladie à virus Ebola dans les centres de traitement

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2015) C_WHO

Ces lignes directrices provisoires présentent quelques principes de base en matière de prise en charge nutritionnelle adaptée aux patients adultes et pédiatriques pendant leur traitement et leur convalescence dans les unités de traitement Ebola, dans les centres de soins communautaires et autre... more