The burden of diabetes is high and increasing globally, and in developing economies like India, mainly fueled by the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. The estimates in 2019 showed that 77 million individuals had diabetes in India, which is expected to rise to over... 134 million by 2045. Approximately 57% of these individuals remain undiagnosed. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for majority of the cases, can lead to multiorgan complications, broadly divided into microvascular and macrovascular complications. These complications are a significant cause for increased premature morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes, leading to reduced life expectancy and financial and other costs of diabetes leading to profound economic burden on the Indian health care system. The risk for diabetes is largely influence by ethnicity, age, obesity and physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and behavioral habits in addition to genetics and family history. Good control of blood sugar blood pressure and blood lipid levels can prevent and/or delay the onset of diabetes complications. The prevention and management of diabetes and associated complications is a huge challenge in India due to several issues and barriers, including lack of multisectoral approach, surveillance data, awareness regarding diabetes, its risk factors and complications, access to health care settings, access to affordable medicines, etc. Thus, effective health promotion and primary prevention, at both, individual and population levels are the need of the hour to curb the diabetes epidemic and reduce diabetes-related complications in India
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Introduction Pharmacovigilance (PV) systems to monitor drug and vaccine safety are often inadequate in sub-Saharan
Africa. In Malawi, a PV enhancement initiative was introduced to address major barriers to PV.
Objective The objective of this initiative was to improve reporting of adverse events (A...Es) by strengthening passive safety
surveillance via PV training and mentoring of local PV stakeholders and healthcare providers (HCPs) at their own healthcare
facilities (HCFs).
Methods An 18-month PV training and mentoring programme was implemented in collaboration with national stakeholders,
and in partnership with the Ministry of Health, GSK and PATH. Two-day training was provided to Expanded Programme on
Immunisation coordinators, identified as responsible for AE reporting, and four National Regulatory Authority representa-
tives. Abridged PV training and mentoring were provided regularly to HCPs. Support was given in upgrading the national
PV system. Key performance indicators included the number of AEs reported, transmission of AE forms, completeness of
reports, serious AEs reported and timeliness of recording into VigiFlow.
Results In 18 months, 443 HCPs at 61 HCFs were trained. The number of reported AEs increased from 22 (January 2000 to
October 2016) to 228 (November 2016 to May 2018), enabling Malawi to become a member of the World Health Organization
Programme for International Drug Monitoring. Most (98%) AE report forms contained mandatory information on reporter,
event, patient and product, but under 1% were transmitted to the national PV office within 48 h.
Conclusion Regular PV training and mentoring of HCPs were effective in enhancing passive safety surveillance in Malawi,
but the transmission of reports to the national PV centre requires further improvement.
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The article is a scoping review that explores the challenges in diagnosing asthma in children in three sub-Saharan African countries: Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda. It identifies key barriers, such as a lack of community awareness, inadequate healthcare access, limited diagnostic tools like spir...ometry, and insufficient knowledge among healthcare workers. The review also highlights the stigma associated with asthma and the absence of relevant diagnostic guidelines. Solutions proposed include community education, development and adherence to diagnostic guidelines, and strengthening healthcare systems. The study aims to inform policymakers and healthcare providers to improve asthma diagnosis and care for children in these regions.
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The document is an instructional guide in english on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prepara...tion of the inhaler, and proper administration to maximize the medication's effectiveness. It also highlights essential points for cleaning the spacer and mentions contacting a healthcare professional for additional assistance or guidance.
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The document is an instructional guide in arabic on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, preparat...ion of the inhaler, and proper administration to maximize the medication's effectiveness. It also highlights essential points for cleaning the spacer and mentions contacting a healthcare professional for additional assistance or guidance.
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The document is an instructional guide in Burmese on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prepara...tion of the inhaler, and proper administration to maximize the medication's effectiveness. It also highlights essential points for cleaning the spacer and mentions contacting a healthcare professional for additional assistance or guidance.
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The document is an instructional guide in Portuguese on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prep...aration of the inhaler, and proper administration to maximize the medication's effectiveness. It also highlights essential points for cleaning the spacer and mentions contacting a healthcare professional for additional assistance or guidance.
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The document is an instructional guide in somali on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, preparat...ion of the inhaler, and proper administration to maximize the medication's effectiveness. It also highlights essential points for cleaning the spacer and mentions contacting a healthcare professional for additional assistance or guidance.
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The document is an instructional guide in Spanish on how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. It provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for using the device effectively to manage respiratory conditions like asthma. The guide emphasizes the importance of correct technique, prepara...tion of the inhaler, and proper administration to maximize the medication's effectiveness. It also highlights essential points for cleaning the spacer and mentions contacting a healthcare professional for additional assistance or guidance.
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The document provides step-by-step instructions for using a Flexhaler dry powder inhaler effectively. It emphasizes proper inhalation technique, including priming the device, loading a dose, and breathing correctly. It also advises users to rinse their mouth after use and highlights the importance o...f bringing medications to appointments for review by healthcare providers.
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The reader acknowledges that this report is intended as an evidence-based asthma management strategy, for the use of health professionals and policy-makers. It is based, to the best of our knowledge, on current best evidence and medical knowledge and practice at the date of publication. When assessi...ng and treating patients, health professionals are strongly advised to use their own professional judgment, and to take into account local or national regulations and guidelines. GINA cannot be held liable or responsible for inappropriate healthcare associated with the use of this document, including any use which is not in accordance with applicable local or national regulations or guidelines.
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The document provides the NICE Quality Standard for managing Type 2 diabetes in adults (QS209). It outlines evidence-based recommendations for preventing Type 2 diabetes, structured education, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), medication such as SGLT2 inhibitors, and regular care processes to mon...itor complications. The guidelines emphasize individualized care, addressing health inequalities, and improving patient outcomes. They are intended to support healthcare professionals and services in delivering high-quality, equitable diabetes care.
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Every day, millions of women and girls worldwide experience violence. This abuse takes many forms, including intimate physical and sexual partner violence, female genital mutilation, child and forced marriage, sex trafficking, and rape. The Lancet Series on Violence against women and girls shows tha...t such abuse is preventable. Five papers cover the evidence base for interventions, discuss the vital role of the health sector in care and prevention, show the need for men and women to be involved in effective programmes, provide practical lessons from experience in countries, and present a call for action with five key recommendations and indicators to track progress. You can download articles and comments published in The Lancet
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Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response.
The 2018 Sphere Handbook builds on the latest developments and learning in the humanitarian sector. Among the improvements of the new edition, readers will find a stronger focus on the role of local authorities and communities as ...actors of their own recovery. Guidance on context analysis to apply the standards has also been strengthened. New standards have also been developed, informed by recent practice and learning, such as WASH and healthcare settings in disease outbreaks, security of tenure in shelter and settlement, and palliative care in health. Different ways to deliver or enable assistance, including cash-based assistance, are also integrated into the Handbook.
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The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine in recent years has accelerated the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. This situation has been worsened by the lack of investment in developing new effective antibiotics. The severity of the consequences is clear to ...see: it is estimated that each year, drug-resistant infections result in at least 25 000 patient deaths and cost the EU EUR 1,5 billion in healthcare costs and through loss of productivity
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This video animation was created for use in West Africa to help dispel myths about how Ebola is spread, and to prevent infection and further spreading of the disease. The story is based around a teenage boy on a hospital cot in Liberia, who speaks to his parents, brother and sister warning them abou...t the disease and telling them how it can be prevented. The story highlights the need for isolation and shows the heartache of the family as they are unable to comfort, touch, or care for the boy who is very ill. His words are words of comfort to those who are separated from their loved ones as they are encouraged to take care of themselves and keep away from those who are ill.
The video was created by Chocolate Moose Media, an organisation specialising in the use of film and animation for behaviour change, and mobile-health-education innovator iHeed, in collaboration with United Methodist Communications, who provided partial funding.
The video, which uses only young voices, is being made available in eight versions: Nigerian English and Pidgin, South African English, French (for Ivory Coast and Guinea), Sierra Leone English, and Liberian English and Krio. It can be downloaded in high definition, low definition, and for use on mobile platforms.
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The South African Pharmacy Council’s vision is to strive for quality pharmaceutical services for all the people of South Africa, and the Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) manual affords us the opportunity to improve the quality of our work. The additional standards in this edition aim at doing just tha...t - to assist in the promotion of the provision of pharmaceutical care which complies with universal norms and values, both in the private and public sector, and the promotion of the health and quality of life of patients. The GPP standards are for use by all practising pharmacists and other healthcare professionals providing a pharmaceutical-related service to patients. All healthcare professionals are therefore urged to embrace the manual and support its implementation.
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In view of the global concern overthe outbreak of the Zika virus, both Elsevier and The Lancet have created a Zika Virus Resource Center on Elsevier Connect with the latest updates, research, reviews, editorials, correspondence and comentary to help healthcare professionals, medical researchers
and... the public understand the outbreak. Both info centers are advised by clinicians and professional editors and will be updated with the most current research and evidence-based information available
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These Guidelines are intended to provide knowledge to the treating ophthalmologists, pediatricians, ocular oncologists, pediatric oncologists, and general physicians to arrive at an early diagnosis of retinoblastoma in the settings of district hospital, in private clinics and hospitals. The guidelin...es will enable the contact health personnel to refer at the right
time to the tertiary care hospital for management of retinoblastoma.
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The report showed commitments made three decades ago to protect the rights of children remain unfulfilled for millions. Violence still affects countless children. Discrimination based on age, gender, disability, sexual orientation and religion harms children worldwide.
The UN Convention on the Ri...ghts of the Child is the most widely ratified international human rights treaty in history. It has prompted substantial investment in children’s health, education and safety and the adoption of laws and policies that recognise the rights of children, particularly in areas where they are vulnerable, including labour exploitation, corporal punishment, alternative care and forced and early marriage.
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