Thirty-three years after its discovery, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), responsible for the AIDS pandemic, remains a major public health problem despite advanced researches providing better diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The virus targets especially CD4+ T cells, leading to deficiency of ...the immune system and altering therefore defense against infections and cancer cells. Antiretroviral
more
Cette évaluation est axée en premier lieu sur la planification familiale et en second lieu sur la santé maternelle, néonatale et de l’enfant (SMNE), le VIH/sida, le paludisme et la nutrition. L’évaluation avait les objectifs suivants :
1. Produire un aperçu des parties prenantes du secte...ur privé de la santé et de leurs rôles respectifs
2. Évaluer le niveau du dialogue politique entre les secteurs public et privé de la santé 3. Décrire les contributions du secteur privé aux principaux marchés et domaines de la santé, y compris le financement de la santé
4. Évaluer les marchés spécifiques pour les principaux produits et services de santé, et décrire la dynamique de l’offre et de la demande
5. Identifier les opportunités actuelles et potentielles pour des partenariats public-privé dans le secteur de la santé
6. Fournir des recommandations sur les meilleures façons de rendre les partenariats public-privé (PPP) opérationnels dans le secteur de la santé
more
2014
Addendum to meeting report: Regional consultation on HIV epidemiologic information in Latin America and the Caribbean
The second ECDC/EFSA/EMA joint report on the integrated analysis of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals addressed data obtained by the Agencies’ EU-wide surveillance networks for 2013–2015. AMC in both sectors, exp...ressed in mg/kg of estimated biomass, were compared at country and European level. Substantial variations between countries were observed in both sectors. Estimated data on AMC for pigs and poultry were used for the first time. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to study associations between AMC and AMR. In 2014, the average AMC was higher in animals (152 mg/kg) than in humans (124 mg/kg), but the opposite applied to the median AMC (67 and 118 mg/kg, respectively). In 18 of 28 countries, AMC was lower in animals than in humans. Univariate analysis showed statistically-significant (p < 0.05) associations between AMC and AMR for fluoroquinolones and Escherichia coli in both sectors, for 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins and E. coli in humans, and tetracyclines and polymyxins and E. coli in animals. In humans, there was a statistically-significant association between AMC and AMR for carbapenems and polymyxins in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Consumption of macrolides in animals was significantly associated with macrolide resistance in Campylobacter coli in animals and humans. Multivariate analyses provided a unique approach to assess the contributions of AMC in humans and animals and AMR in bacteria from animals to AMR in bacteria from humans. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli from humans was associated with corresponding AMC in humans, whereas resistance to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. from humans was related to consumption of fluoroquinolones in animals. These results suggest that from a ‘One-health’ perspective, there is potential in both sectors to further develop prudent use of antimicrobials and thereby reduce AMR.
more
During this work, a survey on essential medicines availability was conducted. This article was first written on this subject for sharing the poor financial availability of the essential medicines in the hospital and secondly, a call for an action to be taken in improving hospital pharmacies developm...ent in each hospital in Burkina Faso.
more
Intensive Care Med (2009) 35:9–29DOI 10.1007/s00134-008-1336-9
Although thousands of papers have been devoted tohospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), many controversiesremain, and management of HAP is probably often sub-optimal. Several reviews or guidelines have been pub-lished rec...ently, mostly by North American initiatives(CDC, ATS). Three European Societies (ERS, ESCMID andESICM) were interested in producing a document thatcould complement in some way the last IDSA/ATS guidelines published 3 years ago. In addition, the Helics
working group supported this initiative.
more
Les organismes résistants aux antimicrobiens (RAM) sont de plus en plus répandus à l'échelle mondiale, menaçant de rendre inefficaces les traitements existants contre les nombreuses maladies infectieuses. Il a déjà été établi qu’en Afrique la résistance aux antimicrobiens est un problè...me pour le VIH et les pathogènes responsables du paludisme, de la tuberculose, de la typhoïde, du choléra, de la méningite, de la gonorrhée et de la dysenterie. Reconnaissant le besoin urgent d'agir, l'Assemblée mondiale de la Santé a adopté, en mai 2015, le Plan d'action mondial pour la résistance aux antimicrobiens. Conformément à ce Plan d'action, et pour répondre aux besoins spécifiques de l'Afrique, les Centres africains pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies (CDC) ont créé le Réseau de surveillance de la résistance antimicrobienne (AMRSNET). L'AMRSNET est un réseau d'institutions de santé publique et de dirigeants des secteurs de la santé humaine et animale qui collaborent pour mesurer, prévenir et atténuer les dommages causés par les organismes RAM
more
O presente documento fornece orientações aos Estados-Membros da União Africana com base num pedido específico dos Estados-Membros de uma lista de controlo/orientação dos equipamentos de protecção individual (EPI) necessários aos profissionais de saúde e prestadores de cuidados para a pande...mia da doença de Coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19). Este documento foi sintetizado a partir dos dados actualmente disponíveis (1-6), tendo em conta o contexto africano e, como tal, pode ser adaptado ao contexto do país.
more
The consolidated guidelines are complemented by an operational handbook which is designed to assist with implementation of the WHO recommendations by Member States, technical partners and others who are involved in the management of patients with DR-TB. The WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis, ...Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment provides practical guidance on how to put in place the recommendations at the scale needed to achieve national and global impact.
The document provides information on different aspects of care and support for TB patients. In particular, the handbook provides practical guidance on the implementation of the interventions that enable treatment adherence such as social support, treatment administration options, digital adherence technologies. The practical guidance also includes models of care for all TB patients, models of care for children and adolescents, integrated care for TB, HIV and comorbidities, engagement of private sector, managing of TB in health emergencies. This new practical handbook also includes two important chapters on health education and counselling, and palliative care for patients with TB.
more
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries of Asia and Africa. It often affects people with impaired immunity, including people ...living with HIV, among whom the most frequent clinical presentation is disseminated histoplasmosis. The symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and may be indistinguishable from those of other infectious diseases, especially disseminated tuberculosis (TB), thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by fungal pathogens among people living with HIV in the Americas and may be responsible for 5–15% of AIDS-related deaths every year in this Region. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disseminated histoplasmosis in persons living with HIV
more
Der Artikel beschreibt wie sich die Isolation der Familien auf engstem Raum, die Fremdbestimmung und die massive Unterversorgung psychisch erkrankter Personen auf den Gesundheitszustand von Kindern auswirkt.
Ressourcen- und Bedarfsanalyse in vier Erstaufnahmeeinrichtungen in Deutschland
Das F.A.Q. beantwortet Fragen rund um das Thema Gewaltschutz geflüchteter Fraün und Mädchen. Am Anfang steht ein Glossar zur Klärung zentraler Begriffe und deren Konseqünzen für geflüchtete Fraün. Das Glossar wird auf den Webseiten von bff und FHK bei Bedarf ergänzt oder aktualisiert. Es fo...lgen Fragen, die zehn übergeordneten Themen zugeordnet sind.
more
Studie zur Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Flüchtlingsunterkünften in Deutschland
World Report 2021, Human Rights Watch’s 31st annual review of human rights practices and trends around the globe, reviews developments in more than 100 countries.
In his introductory essay, Executive Director Kenneth Roth calls on the incoming US administration to more deeply embed respect for ...human rights as an element of domestic and foreign policy to counter the “wild oscillations in human rights policy” that in recent decades have come with each new resident of the White House. Roth emphasizes that even as the Trump administration mostly abandoned the protection of human rights, joined by China, Russia and others, other governments—typically working in coalition and some new to the cause—stepped forward to champion rights. As it works to entrench rights protections, the Biden administration should seek to join, not supplant, this new collective effort.
more
Meeting Report 27-29 October 2020
The overall goal of the meeting was to discuss recent changes in treatment regimens and diagnostics for drug-resistant TB and to determine how these impact on the definition of XDR-TB, with a view to revising this definition. The pre-existing definition of XDR-TB w...as formulated in 2006 at a meeting of the Global Taskforce on XDR-TB, convened by WHO, and has been in use for clinical and surveillance purposes, since this time.
more
Interim guidance 2 march 2021
Current use of drugs to prevent COVID-19 is variable, reflecting large-scale uncertainty. Numerous randomized trials of many different drugs are underway to inform practice. This first version of the Drugs to prevent COVID-19: A WHO living guideline contains new inform...ation and a recommendation on hydroxychloroquine. It follows the publication of six trials synthesized in a living network meta-analysis (NMA).
more
This training module is meant to strengthen the capacity of CHVs to prevent the Non Communicable Diseases at the community level . The Government of Kenya is committed to supporting community health initiatives and accelerating the achievement of the KHSS&IP goals, Millennium Development G...oals (MDGs) and providing support to Vision 203
more
2nd edition. Children with TB comprise about 10-12% of the total TB cases diagnosed in the country. This burden is likely to be higher given the challenges in diagnosing TB in children. The symptoms of TB in children mimic those of other childhood diseases. Children do not readily expectorate and th...ey have pauci-bacillary TB hence some will be missed using bacteriological tests. The government has however introduced GeneXpert molecular testing that is more sensitive than microscopy in detecting TB. Health care workers therefore need a reference guide to obtaining sputum from children for testing. Treatment of TB in children has been reviewed and now includes Ethambutol. There are now improved paediatric friendly TB medicines for treatment of TB in children and health care workers need a reference guide to enable them accurately dispense the TB medicine to children. Malnutrition is a common predisposing factor for TB in children. On the other hand, TB predisposes children to malnutrition or worsens an existing state of malnutrition. Nutrition care and support forms an integral part of treatment for a child with TB disease.
more