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Antimicrobial Use in Livestock in Low-Income Countries

Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative SIANI (2016) C2

This policy brief identifies and explains the main reasons behind the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with improper use of antibiotics in the livestock sector. Focusing on the low-... more

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How to start an antimicrobial stewardship programme in a hospital

Mendelson M. , A.M. Morris , K. Thursky et al. (2019) C2

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) describes a coherent set of actions that ensure optimal use of antimicrobials to improve patient outcomes, while limiting the risk of adverse events (including ... resistance (AMR)). Introduction of AMS programmes in hospitals is part of most national action plans to mitigate AMR, yet the optimal components and actions of such a programme remain undetermined. more

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Antimicrobial Stewardship: Improving Clinical Outcomes By Optimization of Antibiotic Practices (CME)

Standford School of Medicine (2020) C2

This course will offer a practical approach to prescribing antibiotic therapy and development of antimicrobial stewardship across all specialties and settings. Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed classes of drugs and it is estimate... more

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Antimicrobial stewardship

Pharmacy Magazine (2019) C2

This module will consider the role of community pharmacy teams in tackling antimicrobial resistance. After reading this module you will be able to explain why ... resistance is a threat to patient safety, and public and global health. You will also be able to list common self-limiting infections, their usual duration, and outline the key messages that you should be sharing with the public. more

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Cartographie des rapports nationaux du Partenariat sur la résistance aux antimicrobiens et l'utilisation des antimicrobiens (MAAP) Cameroun

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides... more

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Cartographie des rapports nationaux du Partenariat sur la résistance aux antimicrobiens et l'utilisation des antimicrobiens (MAAP) Gabon

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides... more

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Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

5th revised edition. This document provides a ranking of medically important antimicrobials for risk management of antimicrobial resistance due to... more

ESCMID generic competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship: towards a European consensus

Dyar O.J., B. Beovic, C. Pulcini et al. Elsevier (2018) C2

Using antimicrobials responsibly is an essential component ofefforts to contain antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and to ensurethat patients receive ... more

Reducing Antimicrobial Discharges from Food Systems, Manufacturing Facilities and Human Health Systems into the Environment

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Call to action by the Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance on reducing antimicrobial discharges from food systems, manufacturing facili... more

Recommendations for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: Manual for Public Health Decision-Makers

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2018) C2

As a public good, antimicrobial medicines require rational use if their effectiveness is to be preserved. However, up to 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate, adding considerable costs to patient care, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In ad... more

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Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine: 6th Revision 2018

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

The WHO CIA List should be used as a reference to help formulate and prioritize risk assessment and risk management strategies for containing antimicrobial resistance. The WHO... more

Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine / Short list

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

WHO CIA list categorizes all antimicrobials used in human medicine into 3 groups based on their importance to human medicine. The current scope is limited to antibacterial drugs of which most are also used in ... more

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Understanding the basis of antibiotic resistance

Microbiology Society (2015) C2

At the Society's 2014 Annual Conference, Professor Laura Piddock was awarded the Society's Marjory Stephenson Prize. Her is her prize lecture, in which she talks about the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial ... more

Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but mo...st have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidence map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

These guidelines present evidence-based recommendations and best practice statements on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, based on the WHO list of critically important an... for human medicine (WHO CIA List). These guidelines aim primarily to help preserve the effectiveness of medically important antimicrobials, particularly those antimicrobials judged to be critically important to human medicine and also help preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobials for veterinary medicine, in direct support of the WHO global action plan on antimicrobial resistance more

WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals - Executive Summary

World Health Organization WHO (2015) C_WHO

In May 2015, the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly recognized the importance of the public health problem posed by antimicrobial resistance by adopting the global action plan on ... more

WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animal - Policy brief

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Some types of bacteria that cause serious infections in humans have already developed ... to most or all of the available treatments, and there are very few promising options in the research pipeline more

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ResitanceMap
recommended

The Center for Disease Dynamics Economics & olicy CDDEP (2022) CC

ResistanceMap is an interactive collection of charts and maps that summarize national and subnational data on antimicrobial use and resistance worl... more

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbation): antimicrobial prescribing

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2018) CC2

The NICE guideline on antimicrobial prescribing for acute exacerbations of COPD provides recommendations for optimizing antibiotic use to treat exacerbations effectively while minimizing the risk of antimi... resistance. It includes criteria for assessing the need for antibiotics, guidance on selecting antibiotics, and considerations for reassessment and follow-up care. more

COPD (acute exacerbation): antimicrobial prescribing

National Institute for Communicable Disease (NICE) National Institute for Communicable Disease (NICE) (2019) CC2

The NICE guideline NG114 provides recommendations on antimicrobial therapy for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aiming to optimize antibiotic use and minimize the development of antibiotic .... more

ResitanceMap recommended

ResitanceMap
recommended