Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the b...ite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people. The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow).
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The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the use of pooled sample testing strategy in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
testing laborat...ories of the African Union Member States for scaling up SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing capacity with the available resources. The current document describes the effect of factors such as the prevalence of COVID-19 in the population to be tested, the homogeneity of pools, and the sensitivity of the molecular test in optimal pool size determination. It also highlights the importance of monitoring the prevalence of COVID-19 in a population to be tested and proper validation of the test, to limit the potential for false-negative results. Validation studies to determine the optimal pool size by testing laboratories are recommended as the optimum approach. A safe, simple ‘two-stage pooling’ option has been indicated in this guidance to be used by laboratories until such validation can be achieved.
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Injury to the skin and underlying tissues from acute exposure to
a large external dose of radiation is referred to as cutaneous
radiation injury (CRI). Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) 1 will
usually be accompani...ed by some skin damage; however, CRI
can occur without symptoms of ARS. This is especially true with
acute exposures to beta radiation or low-energy x-rays, because
beta radiation and low-energy x-rays are less penetrating and less
likely to damage internal organs than gamma radiation is. CRI can
occur with radiation doses as low as 2 Gray (Gy) or 200 rads 2 and
the severity of CRI symptoms will increase with increasing doses.
Most cases of CRI have occurred when people inadvertently came
in contact with unsecured radiation sources from food irradiators,
radiotherapy equipment, or well depth gauges. In addition, cases of
CRI have occurred in people who were overexposed to x-radiation
from fluoroscopy units.
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Dentists are uniquely positioned to play a role in pre enting the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here are se en simple “how-tos” for safe, appropriate antibiotic prescribing and use when treating dental infections
Know the facts about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and help stop the spread of rumors.
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: Course is designed to increase knowledge and develop competency in the management of patients suspected of infection with dengue virus.
The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases detected and reported in each country is influenced by
many factors including limited access and/or utilization of healthcare and COVID-19 testing, limited
s...urveillance, lack of knowledge amongst the population about when to seek testing, an asymptomatic presentation, and other unknown issues. This is true in all countries of the world, and not Africa specific, however there are factors unique to Africa which may also affect the way the virus behaves there. COVID-19 prevalence data are critical for planning effective mitigation strategies and understandingthe true impact of the disease and relevant intervention measures in Africa, which might be quite different from regions with a different population age distribution or risk factor profile.
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March 2020
The number of African Union Member States reporting COVID-
19 cases is increasing and there is a likelihood of community transmission. The WHO recently modified the COVID-19 suspect cas...e definition to include severe acute respiratory infection and advises testing of all severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) cases.1 However, many Member States have not yet started implementing these changes, they are still focussing surveillance efforts on individuals with travel history to an area with local COVID-19 transmission. This means patients with similar symptoms, but no apparent contact, may not
be investigated.
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Taking the whole of Africa approach to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to require coordinated efforts from multiple stakeholders from across the continent. Africa CDC would like... to acknowledge the deep partnership and continued support of AUDA-NEPAD, AVAREF, WHO AFRO, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Mastercard Foundation. These partners have helped to shape and drive the continent’s strategic response to the COVID-19 pandemic and have offered support to ensure the continent receives a fair and equitable share of the COVID-19 vaccine without delay.
We look forward to continuing and deepening our partnership for the benefit of the public health of Africa.
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In response to the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported on the continent, many African Union Member States implemented large-scale public health and social measures (PHSM) rap...idly. These measures were aimed at reducing transmission and the number of new cases being reported, protecting the most vulnerable populations, and allowing time for countries to ramp up critical healthcare and diagnostic services. While these quick actions bought time for Member States, the negative socio-economic impacts are being felt widely, and countries are now exploring how best to ease these measures back while still managing the outbreak.
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This Cardiac Rehabilitation Change Package was completed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (...box">CDC) in collaboration with the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) with the purpose of helping cardiac rehabilitation programs, hospital quality improvement teams, and public health professionals who partner with these groups to implement systems and strategies that improve care for patients who are eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. AACVPR is a multidisciplinary professional association comprised of health professionals who serve in the field of cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation.
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The CDC document "How to make oral rehydration solution (ORS)" provides clear, step-by-step instructions for preparing and using ORS to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea. It emphasizes the importance of... using clean water, salt, and sugar in precise proportions to create the solution. The document is particularly relevant in emergency settings, such as during cholera outbreaks or in areas with limited medical resources, like Haiti. It highlights the effectiveness of ORS in saving lives by rehydrating individuals suffering from severe diarrhea and encourages its use as a simple, accessible treatment method.
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Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) (sometimes known as radiation toxicity or radiation sickness) is an acute illness caused by irradiation of the entire body (or most of the body) by a high dose ...lass="attribute-to-highlight medbox">of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time (usually a matter of minutes). The major cause of this syndrome is depletion of immature parenchymal stem cells in specific tissues. Examples of people who suffered from ARS are the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs, the firefighters that first responded after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant event in 1986, and some unintentional exposures to sterilization irradiators.
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Recommendations from the American Nurses Association/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workgroup on the Role ...hlight medbox">of Registered Nurses in Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Practices
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Fotonovela to promote COVID-19 vaccination. This comic-book style graphic tells the story of a daycare worker’s decision to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
Fotonovela to promote COVID-19 vaccination. This comic-book style graphic tells the story of a daycare worker’s decision to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
Many people have questions about the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. As vaccine recipients’ most-trusted source of information on vaccines, you play a critical role in helping th...em understand the importance of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as if and when it is likely to be recommended for them.
The materials include proven communication strategies and tips for effectively setting expectations and addressing questions from COVID-19 vaccine recipients.
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This informational guide presents six strategies for immunization coordinators.
It includes tangible actions to promote confidence, communication, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine, which can help support confidence among providers and patients.
One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach — working at the local, regional, national, and global levels — with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes recognizing the interconnection between people, anima...ls, plants, and their shared environment.
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The CDC document outlines five essential steps for preventing cholera. It emphasizes the importance of using treated water for drinking and food preparation, washing hands thoroughly with soap and ...safe water, cooking food thoroughly and consuming it while hot, using latrines or properly burying feces to avoid open defecation, and cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated with feces using a solution of one part household bleach to nine parts water. These measures are critical to controlling and preventing the spread of cholera, especially in areas affected by outbreaks.
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