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This report investigates the impact of potential misclassification of samples on HIV prevalence estimates for 23 surveys conducted from 2010-2014. In addition to visual inspection of laboratory results, we examined how accounting ... potential misclassification of HIV status through Bayesian latent class models affected the prevalence estimates. Two types of Bayesian models were specified: a model that only uses the individual dichotomous test results and a continuous model that uses the quantitative information of the EIA (i.e., the signal-to-cutoff values). Overall, we found that adjusted prevalence estimates matched the surveys’ original results, with overlapping uncertainty intervals. This suggested that misclassification of HIV status should not affect the prevalence estimates in most surveys. However, our analyses suggested that two surveys may be problematic. The prevalence could have been overestimated in the Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey 2011 and the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14, although the magnitude of overestimation remains difficult to ascertain. Interpreting results from the Uganda survey is difficult because of the lack of internal quality control and potential violation of the multivariate normality assumption of the continuous Bayesian latent class model. In conclusion, despite the limitations of our latent class models, our analyses suggest that prevalence estimates from most of the surveys reviewed are not affected by sample misclassification.
This guide is a resource for physicians and other health care professionals who provide care and treatment to patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Nepal: Urban Housing Sector Profile
recommended
Based on research by a team of Nepalese and international experts, this report carries an analysis of the five key elements in the sector - land, basic services, housing finance, building materials and construction technologies, and labour. It gives...
A Technical Brief for Breakthrough ACTION Field Teams
Social media can be used to collect and address rumors or popular beliefs among target audiences, share evidence-based and timely health information, receive instant feedback on materials, condu...
A Training Course for Vasectomy Providers and Assitants 2nd Edition
A training course for Vasectomy Providers and Assistants
2nd Edition
A Training Course for Service Providers
A Training Course for Service Providers
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons
recommended
Guidelines for Prevention and Reponse
USAID/Afghanistan’s $443 million investment in the Afghan Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation (SWSS) activity is one of the Agency’s largest single investments in sustainable rural water supply delivery. The project installed about 2,123 wel...
Statistical Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Tajikistan
Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
The DHS Program ICF
Rockv...
Expanded IMPACT Program in Zimbabwe
Lea Toto and APHIAplus Nuru ya Bonde programs in Kenya Yekokeb Berhan Program for Highly Vulnerable Children in Ethiopia
The report provides lessons and recommendations for other organizations and the wider humanitarian community on engaging persons with disabilities at all levels of humanitarian work. It draws on consultations with over 700 displaced persons—includ...
Program for Early Recovery and Resilience Building from EVD Outbreak in Liberia
Findings from this report reveal that, rates of early marriage are high, a significant percentage of children contribute to the household’s income or are its main source of income, and restrictions on the mobility of women and girls constrain their participation in social and economic activities a...
DHS Analytical Studies No. 44 Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International.
This external performance evaluation of the Malawi Girls’ Empowerment through Education and Health Activity (ASPIRE), conducted 2.5 years after ASPIRE began, establishes the activity’s progress against its objectives, proposes adaptations for th...
The primary role of Benin’s Department of Pharmacy and Medicines (DPMED) is to develop and apply the national pharmaceutical policy. The main objective of this policy is to ensure the availability and accessibility of quality medicines for the pop...
This version of Field Trials of Health Interventions includes seven new chapters on conducting systematic literature reviews, trial
governance, preliminary studies and pilot testing, budgeting and accounting, intervention costing and economic analysis, and Phase IV studies. Before new interventions...
Prices people pay for medicines.
