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Epidemiology of dengue in SAARC territory: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Pravash Budhathoki, Bipana Gurung et al. (2022) CC

Parasites & Vectors volume 15, Article number: 389 (2022) Dengue is one of the common arboviral infections and is a public health problem in South East Asia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of dengue in SAARC (South Asian Associ... more

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Global Trends and Prospects

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2023) CC

According to most recent data, the world economy grew by 3.1 per cent in 2022. To many, the rebound suggested that a soft landing was possible in 2023, and that the key problems of the year 2022 – rising prices, supply-chain disruptions and recession risks – have been addressed. As a result, t... more

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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Kenya : Management of Severe Malaria
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2012) C_WHO

This Handbook, an updated edition of the Management of Severe Malaria, provides new and revised practical guidance on the diagnosis and management of severe malaria.

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A global brief on vector-borne diseases

World Health Organization (2014) C_WHO

With this World Health Day, WHO is drawing attention to a group of diseases that are spread by insects and other vectors, the heavy health and economic burdens they impose, and what needs to be done to reduce these burdens. Many of these diseases have been historically confined to distinct geographi... more

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Measuring medicine prices, availability, affordability and price components

World Health Organization; hai global (2008) C_WHO

2nd edition - Published in 2003, the first WHO/HAI medicine prices manual Medicine Prices – A New Approach to Measurement Draft for field-testing provides a draft methodology and tools to conduct national medicine prices and availability surveys. This second edition of the survey manual has been... more

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A Clinical Governance Handbook for District Clinical Specialist Teams
recommended

Health Systems Trust (2014) C1

This handbook was designed primarily as a tool for district clinical specialist teams (DCSTs), and for the provincial specialists who will guide and support their work. This handbook will also be useful to managers of health facilities, heads of clinical units and nurses, doctors and allied health w... more

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Influenza Surveillance Among Children With Pneumonia Admitted to a District Hospital in Coastal Kenya, 2007–2010

Clayton O. Onyango, Regina Njeru, Sidi Kazungu et al. (2012) CC

J Infect Dis. (2012) 206 (suppl. 1): S61-S67 Influenza data gaps in sub-Saharan Africa include incidence, case fatality, seasonal patterns, and associations with prevalent disorders. The authors found that the burden of influenza was small during 2007–2010 in this paediatric hospital in Kenya. In... more

Strengthening Pre-service Pharmacy Training on Rational Medicine Use and Antimicrobial Resistance

Mohan P. Joshi Malaïka Ludman Dan Kibuule, et al. USAID; SIAPS; Univ. Namibia (2014) C1

Curriculum reform efforts to enhance training on rational medicine use (RMU) and AMR should pay particular attention to ensuring that the right topics are integrated and the right teaching-learning methodologies are adopted.

Managing stress in humanitarian workers
recommended

Antares Foundation (2012) C1

Guidelines for good practice. 3rd edition The Guidelines for Good Practice are intended to help organizations define their own needs in relation to stress management and develop their own staff care system. The process will be different for each organization. National and international agencies, bi... more

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Botswana TB/HIV Policy Guidelines

Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana (2011) C2

This strategic framework marries formerly separate mandates for HIV and TB management in to one, comprehensive collaboration. It provides a structure for how to: strengthen the health care system to respond effectively to both epidemics, reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS in TB patients, and establish a ... more

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Guideline ‒ Alternative mass drug administration regimens to eliminate lymphatic filariasis
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Lymphatic filariasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease that causes damage of the lymphatic system and can lead to lymphoedema (elephantiasis) and hydrocele in infected individuals. The global baseline estimate of persons affected by lymphatic filariasis is 25 million men with hydrocele an... more

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“Complicit in Exclusion” South Africa’s Failure to Guarantee an Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities

Human Rights Watch (2015) C2

This report from Human Rights Watch found that South Africa has failed to guarantee the right to education for many of the country’s children and young adults due to widespread discrimination against children with disabilities in enrollment decisions. Human Rights Watch research in five out of Sou... more

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WHO policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities (Annexes)

World Health Organization (2012) C_WHO

Guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders Annexes for webposting and CD-Rom distribution with the policy guidelines

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HIV, HCV, TB and harm reduction in prisons

G. Sander Harm Reduction International; European Union (2016) C1

Human Rights, Minimum Standards and Monitoring at the European and International Levels

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Eradication of yaws: a guide for programme managers

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

This document provides guidance for countries on how to implement activities to achieve the interruption of yaws transmission. It is intended for use by national yaws eradication programmes, partners involved in the implementation of yaws eradication activities and WHO technical staff who provide te... more

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Neonatal health in Nepal: analysis of absolute and relative inequalities and impact of current efforts to reduce neonatal mortality

Paudel, D., Shrestha, I.B., Siebeck, M. & Rehfuess, E.A. (2013) CC

Nepal has made substantial progress in reducing under-five mortality and is on track to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4, but advances in neonatal health are less encouraging. The objectives of this study were to assess relative and absolute inequalities in neonatal mortality over time, and to ... more

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Vitamin A Supplementation Programs and Country-Level Evidence of Vitamin A Deficiency

Wirth, James P.; Petry, Nicolai and others (2017) CC

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programs targeted at children aged 6–59 months are implemented in many countries. By improving immune function, vitamin A (VA) reduces mortality associated with measles, diarrhea, and other illnesses. There is currently a debate regarding the relevance of VAS, but a... more

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Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys

Stevens, Gretchen; Bennett, James et al. (2015) CC

Vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for blindness and for mortality from measles and diarrhoea in children aged 6–59 months. We aimed to estimate trends in the prevalence of vitamin A defi ciency between 1991 and 2013 and its mortality burden in low-income and middle-income countries.

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Generic risk assessment model for indoor residual spraying of insecticides, 2nd ed.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

This document provides a generic model that can be used for risk assessment of exposure to insecticide products applied as indoor residual sprays. It aims to harmonize the risk assessment of such insecticides for public health use in order to generate comparable data for their registering and labell... more

Kenya : Management of Severe Malaria recommended

A Clinical Governance Handbook for District Clinical Specialist Teams recommended

Managing stress in humanitarian workers recommended

Guideline ‒ Alternative mass drug administration regimens to eliminate lymphatic filariasis recommended

Kenya : Management of Severe Malaria
recommended

A Clinical Governance Handbook for District Clinical Specialist Teams
recommended

Managing stress in humanitarian workers
recommended

Guideline ‒ Alternative mass drug administration regimens to eliminate lymphatic filariasis
recommended