The five hepatitis viruses have different epidemiological profiles, and their impact, duration, and transmission route also vary. The most common transmission routes contributing to the spread of hepatitis are exposure to infected blood via blood transfusion or unsafe injection practices, consumptio...n of contaminated food and drinking water, and transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. Also, unsafe injection practices, including the use of unsterile needles and syringes, serve as a major pathway for the spread of hepatitis B and C, and reducing transmission of both diseases requires addressing these practices.
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HIV Country Intelligence - HIV Country Profiles
European Union Standards for Tuberculosis Care 2017 Estonian Version
European Union Standards for Tuberculosis Care 2017 Update (Romanian Version)
20 April 2022. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect essential TB services in many countries. A first report of case studies was published in 2021 comprising 23 examples of innovative interventions implemented by countries to effectively respond to disruptions of TB ser...vices caused or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This second, consolidated report incorporates new case studies, as well as updates to previously reported case studies
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The 2010-2011 National Annual Report on HIV program presents the progress in implementing the strategies and activities articulated in the National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS 2009-2012 commonly referred to as the HIV NSP. The report presents consolidated information regarding the outputs in the ...second year of implementing the four year strategy. This report will serve to inform the Mid Term Review of the HIV NSP 2009-2012.
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Nabila El-Bassel, PhD Columbia University
@NabilaElBassel #CUGH2018
Accessed: 26.09.2019
Overcoming HIV-related stigma and discrimination in health- care settings and beyond
UNAIDS 2017 | REFERENCE
It's time to deliver differently.
Accessed: 13.11.2019
Celebrating ten years of success 2004-2014
Editorial Review
AIDS 2019, 33:1411–1420