Research Article
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0164619 October 13, 2016
The WHO CIA List should be used as a reference to help formulate and prioritize risk assessment and risk management strategies for containing antimicrobial resistance. The WHO CIA List supports strategies to mitigate the human health risks associated with antimicrobial use in ...food-producing animals and has been used by both public and private sector organizations. The list helps regulators and stakeholders know which types of antimicrobials used in animals present potentially higher risks to human populations and how use of antimicrobials might be managed to minimize antimicrobial resistance of medical importance. The use of the WHO CIA List, in conjunction with the OIE list of antimicrobials of veterinary importance (1) and the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines (2) , will allow for prioritization of risk management strategies in the human sector, the food animal sector, inagriculture (crops) and horticulture, through a coordinated multisectoral One Health approach.
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WHO CIA list categorizes all antimicrobials used in human medicine into 3 groups based on their importance to human medicine. The current scope is limited to antibact...erial drugs of which most are also used in veterinary medicine. The list assists in managing antimicrobial resistance, ensuring that all, especially critically important antimicrobials, are used prudently both in human and veterinary medicine
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TheoreticalMedicine 6 (1985), 281-294. 0167-9902/85.10
This guidance should be followed if an unlicensed medicine is prepared in
a registered pharmacy. The preparation of an unlicensed medicine (for
example unlicensed methadone, or menthol in aqueou...s cream) in a pharmacy is called ‘extemporaneous preparation’.
The guidance should be read alongside the standards for registered pharmacies. These aim to create and maintain the right
environment, both organizational and physical, for the safe and effective practice of pharmacy.
By following this guidance, the pharmacy will:
• demonstrate that it meets our standards, and
• provide assurances that the health, safetyand wellbeing of patients and the public are safeguarded
Responsibility for making sure this guidance is followed lies with the pharmacy owner. If the registered pharmacy is owned by a ‘body
corporate’, the directors have responsibility.
Those responsible for the overall safe running of the pharmacy need to take into account the nature of the pharmacy and the range of services
already provided and, most importantly, the needs of patients and members of the public.
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Annex 5, WHO Technical Report Series 1010, 2018
WHO recently conducted a survey to assess the availability and cost of a national tracer list of essential medicines in the outpatient sector in Ukraine using a new collection tool – the WHO Essential Me...dicines and Health Products Price and Availability Monitoring Mobile Application. This tool facilitates rapid and inexpensive data collection at the facility level.
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Health educators have been advocating for the inclusion of climate and environmental education in medical and nursing curriculums for the past two decades. BMJ 2021;375:n2385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2385 Published: 06 October 2021
Annals of Global Health, 87(1), p.30. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2647
(Kherson, 14 November 2022) This morning, the United Nations, led by Humanitarian Coordinator Denise Brown, delivered supplies to help thousands of civilians in the city of Kherson. in southern Ukraine, less than 72 hours after the Government of Ukraine regained control of the city. This is the firs...t time that aid workers have been able to enter Kherson with humanitarian aid since Russian forces took control of the city in the first weeks of the war in early March 2022.
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Factors to take into account when choosing, reviewing and changing medicines.
Rescue therapy:
For symptomatic hyperglycaemia, consider insulin or a sulfonylurea and review when blood glucose control has been achieved.
Diet and lifestyle advice:
...
At each point reinforce advice about diet and lifestyle.
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Diabetes mellitus (hereafter referred to as diabetes) is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes can lead to complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death, and can damage eyes, kidneys and nerves. Globally, more than 400 millio...n adults live with diabetes – a disease that caused 1.6 million deaths in 2015 (1, 2). People with diabetes who have higher blood glucose levels are more likely to develop complications than those with lower blood glucose levels. Blood glucose management has an important role in preventing the
development and progression of complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause a considerable burden of morbidity
and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Access to safe, effective, quality-assured, and
affordable essential medicines...span> is variable. We aimed to review the existing literature relating to the availability, cost,
and affordability of WHO’s essential medicines for asthma and COPD in LMICs.
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The Malawian government recently introduced cost-covering consultation fees for self-referral patients in tertiary public hospitals. Previously, patients received medicines free of charge in government-owned health facilities, but must pay elsewhere.... Before the government implements a payment policy in other areas of health care, it is important to investigate the prices, affordability and availability of essential medicines in Malawi.
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The WHO Ebola Response Team presents new data on Ebola symptoms, case fatality rate, and incubation period, and experts discuss actions needed to deal with the oubreak. Stay informed with Perspective and research articles, an interactive
map of confirmed and suspected cases, and links to the latest... updates on the Ebola Outbreak
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