IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                The purpose of this guidance is to provide emergency planners with nuclear detonationspecific
response recommendations to maximize the preservation of life in the event of
an urban nuclear detonat
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                                        ion. This guidance addresses the unique effects and impacts of a
nuclear detonation such as scale of destruction, shelter and evacuation strategies,
unparalleled medical demands, management of nuclear casualties, and radiation dose
management concepts. 
                                    
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                                This course describes the health effects of war, weapons and strategies of violent conflict. Beginning with weapons of mass destruction it then moves on to other weapons and strategies of war such as the use of landmines and mass rape. The course concludes with a number of lessons which give an hist
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                                        orical and practical analysis of the response of health professional groups to war and militarisation.
                                    
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                                In this paper, we review  the  most  significant health and environmental facts and explain why — from a medical  perspective — a  proper  understanding  of what nuclear weapons  will do invalidates  all arguments  for continued  possession of t
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                                        hese weapons and requires that they urgently be prohibited and eliminated as the only course of action commensurate with the existential danger they pose. 
                                    
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                                Successful detonation of an improvised nuclear device (IND) would be a catastrophic event, causing an unprecedented number of injuries and lives lost, as well as economic, political, and social disruption. However, an effective medical response and 
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                                        an infrastructure prepared to protect itself from fallout could save tens of thousands of lives. Since 2001, all levels of government, academic institutions, and professional organizations have done significant work to enhance our ability to prepare for and respond to a nuclear detonation. The following manual is intended to simplify and translate the necessary protective actions and medical response modalities in order to make them more accessible and easier to translate into practice. The approach of this manual is to provide a common baseline application for various allied response disciplines (to include senior operational responders, emergency managers, public health advisors, and municipal, State, and Federal executives and elected officials). This manual will enhance mutual understanding of the basics of nuclear response.
                                    
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                                IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                These guidelines provide a recommendation on iodine thyroid blocking (ITB), via oral administration of stable iodine, as an urgent protective action in responding to a nuclear accident. This recommendation aims to support emergency planners, policy 
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                                        makers, public health specialists, clinicians and other relevant stakeholders, in order to strengthen public health preparedness for radiation emergencies in WHO Member States as required by the International Health Regulations (IHR) and in line with the international safety standards (GSR Part 7). The scope of the guidelines is confined to public health aspects of planning and implementation of ITB before and during a radiation emergency, such as dosage and timing of ITB administration, adverse effects of stable iodine, its packaging, storage, and distribution.
These guidelines supersede the 1999 WHO Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents.
                                    
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                                The health impact of radiological and nuclear emergencies can last for decades. Lessons learned from past radiological and nuclear accidents have demonstrated that the mental health and psychosocial
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                                         consequences can outweigh the direct physical health impacts of radiation exposure. International radiation emergency preparedness and response standards outline provisions for mitigating these effects. Yet, practical guidance for addressing the mental health and psychosocial aspects of radiation emergencies remains scarce.
This framework aims to promote integration between the MHPSS and radiation protection fields. It is intended for officials and specialists involved in radiation emergency planning and risk management as well as MHPSS experts working in health emergencies.
                                    
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                                IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                The aim of this publication is to provide practical guidance for public information officers on the  preparation  for  and  response  to  a  nuclear  or  radiological  emergency,  and  to  fulfil  in  part  functions  assigned  to  the  IAEA  in  th
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                                        e  Convention  on  Assistance  in  the  Case  of  a  Nuclear  
Accident   or   Radiological   Emergency   (Assistance   Convention),   as   well   as   meeting   requirements   stated   in   IAEA   Safety   Standards   Series   No.   SF-1,   Fundamental   Safety   Principles,  and  in  IAEA  Safety  Standards  No.  GS-R-2,  Preparedness  and  Response  for  a  Nuclear or Radiological Emergency. 
Also available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish: https://www-pub.iaea.org/books/IAEABooks/8889/Communication-with-the-Public-in-a-Nuclear-or-Radiological-Emergency
                                    
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                                This  Joint  Emergency  Management  Plan  of  the  International  Organizations  (Joint  Plan)  describes  the 
interagency  framework  of  preparedness  for  and  response  to  an  actual,  potential  or  perceived  nuclear  or 
radiological emer
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                                        gency independent of whether it arises from an accident, natural disaster, negligence, nuclear 
security event or any other cause. 
                                    
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                                IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                Welcome to Learn About Nuclear Weapons! Learn about nuclear weapons is a web-based educational material from the Swedish Physicians against Nuclear
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                                         Weapons in Swedish, English, Norwegian and Russian. For you who want to learn more about nuclear weapons, its consequences and what you can do to help create a world without nuclear weapons.
                                    
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                                Recently there have been increased concerns about the development and possible use of nuclear  weapons  by  certain  countries  or  by  terrorists.  This  document  provides  advice  to the general public on how best to act to minimize any health co
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                                        nsequences in the event of a nuclear weapon explosion or if such an event is anticipated. 
                                    
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                                The risks of the use of nuclear, radiological, biological or chemical (NRBC) weapons are heterogeneous. Each risk has its own implications for developing and deploying any capacity to assist victims of an NRBC event and, in parallel, for the health 
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                                        and security of the people bringing this assistance. At an international level, there are no plans for assisting the victims of an NRBC event which are both adequate and safe. Recognizing
the realities of the contexts associated with each risk throws up numerous challenges; such recognition is also a prerequisite for addressing these challenges. The realities that have to be considered relate to:
1. developing, acquiring, training for and planning an NRBC response capacity; 
2. deploying a response capacity in an NRBC event;
3. the mandates and policies of international organizations pertaining to NRBC events. The challenges that will pose the greatest difficulty for a humanitarian organization are those for which the solutions are ‘non-buyable’ and which involve making extremely difficult decisions. Attempting to assist victims of an NRBC event without a reality-based approach might generate ineffective and unacceptably dangerous situations for those involved. 
                                    
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                                Mounting an effective international humanitarian response to a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) event, especially if the response is undertaken on an ad hoc basis, would be extremely difficult and would pose many risks to the res
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                                        ponders. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has created a competency-based capacity to respond to at least small-scale CBRN events, including a deployable capability to undertake operational activities. This involves informed assessments of CBRN risks, timely and competent decisions on how to respond, and effectively mobilizing appropriate resources to implement these decisions, through the creation of an emergency roster. In addition to the acquisition of technical expertise and material resources, the creation of such capacity requires the application of central processes, ensuring systematic management of CBRN response (including risk-based decision-making), standing operational procedures, and availability of and access to the necessary resources. Implementation of the ICRC's CBRN response framework as described in this article should be considered by any agency or other stakeholder preparing for international humanitarian assistance in CBRN events – especially if such events are related to armed conflict.
                                    
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                                Following a radiation incident such as an improvised nuclear device (IND) detonation, state and local response authorities will need to establish one or more population monitoring and decontamination facilities to assess 
people for radioactive exp
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                                        osure, contamination, and the need for 
decontamination or other medical follow-up. These facilities are known as community reception centers (CRCs).  The basic services offered at a CRC include the following: screening people for radioactive contamination, assisting people with washing or decontamination, registering people for subsequent follow-up, and prioritizing people for further care.  This guide 
describes the function of each station of a CRC and provides a question bank and other information to guide data collection at each station.  A question bank format was chosen to provide the user the ability to tai
lor the data collection tool to fit a particular incident and/or locality.
The CRC data collection tool is designed for CRC staff to fill out the information collected from the individual being assessed.
                                    
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