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Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based<.../span> primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to maintain CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

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National guidelines for the provision of psychosocial support for gender based violence victims/survivors
recommended

Ministry of gender, labour and social development Ministry of gender, labour and social development (2011) CC

Psychosocial support is a very important component in Gender Based Violence response that provide appropriate care, protection and social integration. Psychological aspects affect thoughts, emotions, behavior, memory, learning ability, perceptions ... more

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National guidelines for the provision of psychosocial support for gender based violence victims survivors
recommended

Ministry of gender, labour and social development Ministry of gender, labour and social development (2011)

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Water is life. Progress to secure water provision in rural Uganda.

Honor Fagan, G.; S. Linnane, K.G. McGuigan, A. Rugumayo Practical Action Publishing (2015) C1

This is a book about community-based research in the service of improving the sustainability and equity of safe water production, consumption, and management at ... level in rural Uganda. It provides an account of the findings of a five-year combined social science, natural science, and engineering research work programme (2009–14) which took place within and with the community, in the sense that the community identified their water needs and related their everyday struggles with water resourcing to the research team, and they contributed to the outcomes. Free download of the ebook available more

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Comprehensive Literature Review on Village Based Health Workers in Myanmar: Extending Services to Communities

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports (2017) C1

The main goal of the National Health Plan (NHP) 2017-2021 is to extend access to a basic Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) to the entire population while increasing financial protection. In order to extend service delivery to all communities, the NHP calls for all health workers (whether <...-based, outreach-based or facility-based) involved in the delivery of health promotion, prevention and treatment services to be fully recognised and institutionalized within the health system to ensure efficient use of resources, necessary oversight and quality service provision (regardless of whether the health workers are voluntary or salaried). The first year Annual Operational Plan (AOP) of the NHP 2017-2021 calls for a comprehensive literature review of the situation of all Village Based Health Workers (VBHWs) in the country to inform the development of a comprehensive, institutionalized approach to community health for the country. more

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Community dialogues for healthy children: encouraging communities to talk

Malaria Consortium (2014)

Integrated community case management (ICCM) – an approach where community-based health workers are trained to identify, treat and refer children ... more

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Rwanda: National Community Health Policy

Ministry of Health, Rwanda (2015) C2

This policy will serve as a cornerstone from which to address the accessibility of Community Health (CH) services and to encourage its integration with services for HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and other development initiatives. This policy ... more

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Community health worker models in South Africa: a qualitative study on policy implementation of the 2018/19 revised framework

Murphy, J.P.; A. Moolla, S. Kgowedi et al. Health Policy and Planning (2020) C1

South Africa has a long history of community health workers (CHWs). It has been a journey that has required balancing constrained resources and competing priorities. CHWs form a bridge between communities and healthcare service ... within health facilities and act as the cornerstone of South Africa’s Ward-Based Primary Healthcare Outreach Teams. This study aimed to document the CHW policy implementation landscape across six provinces in South Africa and explore the reasons for local adaptation of CHW models and to identify potential barriers and facilitators to implementation of the revised framework to help guide and inform future planning. more

National Comprehensive Guidelines on HIV Testing Services

Kenya MInistry of Health, Community Development, Elderly and Children (2019) C1

These guidelines provide a framework for effective action to facilitate access to safe and ethical testing services for different population groups. The implementation of the a comprehensive approach, known as HIV Testing Services (HTS) is cardinal as an effective package of services that diminis... more

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Integrating Mental Health into HIV Services: Standard Operating Procedures & Training Manual

AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources Project, USAID (2014)

Integration of mental health (MH) and HIV programs has the potential to significantly improve health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV). This training package, which is comprised of a training-of-trainers manual, an accompanying presentation, and a standard operating procedure, was develope... more

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Plan de acciόn sobre salud mental 2013-2020.
recommended

World Health Organization (2013) C_WHO

Four major objectives are set forth: more effective leadership and governance for mental health; the provision of comprehensive, integrated mental health and social care services in community-... settings; implementation of strategies for promotion and prevention; and strengthened information systems, evidence and research. more

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Rwanda: FAMILY PLANNING POLICY

Government of Rwanda: Ministry of Health, Maternal and Child Health (2012) C2

This policy will serve as a cornerstone from which to address the accessibility of Family Planning services and to encourage its integration with services for HIV/AIDS, maternal health, child health, and other development initiatives. This policy is timely, as Rwanda is embarking on the introduction... more

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Gender in Humanitarian Action Brief No. 5. Rohingya Refugee Crisis Response - Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh (July 2018)

Inter Sector Coordination Group (ISCG) (2018) C1

UNHCR and its partners implement interventions focusing on adolescent girls and boys, including:
▪ Formation and capacity building of adolescent girls and boys’ clubs as peer groups for awareness raising, and SGBV prevention and response mechanisms.
▪ ... based protection activities and training on child protection
▪ Provision of secondary education for secondary school-aged youth and recruitment of female teachers to encourage adolescent girls to continue education
▪ Introduction of community sharing/ parenting sessions and increasing the number of women support networks
▪ Establishing girls’ friendly spaces, which includes information sharing and psycho-social support
▪ Awareness raising campaigns with all members of the community, including community leaders more

Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

This updated Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030 builds upon its predecessor and sets out clear actions for Member States, the WHO Secretariat and international, regional and national partners to promote mental health and well-being for all, to prevent mental health conditions for thos... more

Prevention, Screening and Control of Common Non-Communicable Diseases: Hypertension, Diabetes an Common Cancers (Oral, Breast, Cervix)

National Health Mission (2016) CC

Comprehensive Primary Health Care has an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of several disease conditions, including non-communicable diseases which today contribute to over 60% of the mortality in India. The provision of Compreh... more

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Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Small water supplies

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Small drinking-water supplies commonly experience operational, managerial, technical and resourcing challenges that impact their ability to deliver safe and reliable services. The needs and opportunities associated with these supplies therefore warrant explicit consideration in policies and regulati... more

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Preparing for the Journey - A Cooperative Approach to Service Provision for Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Cambodia

Jennifer Carter (2009) C2

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Community-based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition
recommended

World Health Organization; UNICEF; UNSCN (2007)

A Joint Statement by the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, the United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition and the United Nations Children’s Fund

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Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Livelihood component
recommended

Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, et al. WHO (2010) C_WHO

Available in: English, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Thai, Korean, Tajik, Vietnamese, Uzbek http://www.who.int/disabilities/cbr/guidelines/en/

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Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Empowerment component
recommended

Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, et al. WHO (2010) C_WHO

Available in: English, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Thai, Korean, Tajik, Vietnamese, Uzbek http://www.who.int/disabilities/cbr/guidelines/en/

National guidelines for the provision of psychosocial support for gender based violence victims/survivors recommended

National guidelines for the provision of psychosocial support for gender based violence victims survivors recommended

Plan de acciόn sobre salud mental 2013-2020. recommended

Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020 recommended

Community-based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition recommended

Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Livelihood component recommended

Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines - Empowerment component recommended