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African vaccination week (AVW) 2018 Toolkit

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) (2018) C1

you can find branded materials including immunization backgrounders, posters, social media posts and more to amplify your existing activities and facilitate any communications for the week. Please feel free to tailor and adapt materials to meet spec ... more

Monthly Bulletin - COVID-19 vaccination in the African Region: Issue No. 03

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2022) C_WHO

April 2022

African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has adopted the AMR Global Action Plan and the ... African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020 – 2025, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of African nations through a coordinated approach. While most countries in the region have developed and prioritized National Action Plans (NAPs) to tackle AMR, the overall response remains inadequate given the magnitude of the threat, which endangers human, animal, environmental, aquatic, and plant health. Africa bears a significant burden of infectious diseases, accounting for approximately 95% of malaria deaths, 70% of people living with HIV, and 25% of TB deaths globally. In 2019, AMR was linked to approximately 55,000 deaths from HIV, 30,000 from malaria, and 255,000 overall. Major drivers of AMR in the region include the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human and food systems, migration, suboptimal vaccination rates, and environmental contamination from hospital and pharmaceutical effluents. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality-assured antimicrobials and diagnostics, compounded by inadequate knowledge about AMR. Unlike high-income countries, where indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the primary factor driving AMR, African countries face additional challenges, including a lack of access to clean and safe water, poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programs, inadequate infection prevention measures, and suboptimal vaccinations for preventable diseases. One in three hospitals in the region lacks clean, safe running water, and one in eight people defecate openly due to inadequate sanitation. Investments in WASH, infection prevention, and biosecurity could save approximately 700,000 lives annually. Addressing AMR in Africa requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach involving the entire society. Sustainable access to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutics, is crucial, as lack of access leads to more morbidity and mortality than AMR itself. Support for the region should focus on preventing infections, strengthening health and food systems, developing human resources, ensuring sustainable access to diagnostics and therapeutics, and investing in laboratory infrastructure to support surveillance and data generation. more

Vaccines and vaccination against yellow fever WHO Position Paper – June 2013

World Health Organization WHO (2013) C_WHO

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Guide de la Semaine africaine de la vaccination 2018 (SAV) toolkit

Organisation mondiale de la Santé , Bureau régional de l’Afrique (OMSAFRO) (2018) C1

Vous trouverez dans les pages suivantes de la documentation promotionnelle, y compris les documents d’informations, les affiches, les messages postés sur les réseaux sociaux et les autres ressources sur la vaccination, qui vous permettront de de ... more

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WHO AFRO Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 27: 1 - 7 July 2019; Data as reported by 17:00; 7 July 2019

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in Angola Ebola virus disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo Dengue fever in Côte d’Ivoire Humanitarian crisis in north-east Nigeria.

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WHO AFRO Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 12: 18 - 24 March 2019; Data as reported by 17:00; 24 March 2019

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Cyclone in Mozambique and Zimbabwe Ebola virus disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo Humanitarian crisis in Mali Humanitarian crisis in Central African Republic.

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Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine expressing Ebola surface glycoprotein: interim results from the Guinea ring vaccination cluster-randomised trial

Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo, Ira M Longini, Matthias Egger, et al. (2015)

the Lancet : Published Online July 31, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61117-5

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BCG vaccination induces HIV target cell activation in HIV-exposed infants in a randomized trial

M. A. Gasper, A. C. Hesseling, I. Mohar, et al. JCI insight (2017) C2

Clinical Medicine JCI Insight. 2017;2(7):e91963.

Guidance on the use of mpox vaccines. Revised edition

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) CC

Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the ortho ... more

WHO AFRO Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 42: 12-18 October 2020

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 118 events in the region. This week’s main articles cover the following events: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Togo Measles in Chad Ebola virus disease (EVD) in É ... more

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Meningitis Outbreak Response in Sub-Saharan Africa

Christina Brandes-Barbier, Véronique Millot, Tomas Allen et al World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO

WHO Guideline. Since 2010, countries in the meningitis belt have started to introduce a new serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine conferring individual protection and herd immunity. Following the successful roll-out of this vaccine, epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) are ... more

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WHO AFRO Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 13: 25 - 31 March 2019; Data as reported by 17:00; 31 March 2019

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Response to the tropical cyclone in southern Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Meningitis outbreak in Togo Lassa fever outbreak in Liberia.

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Measles SIAs Field Guide

World Health Organization; Regional Office for Africa (2006)

The Regional strategy for measles control recommends that a second opportunity for measles immunization be provided to all children irrespective of their vaccination status or history of clinical measles. The preferred method of provision of a secon ... more

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Central African Republic: Situation Report, 31 March 2021

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA (2021) CC

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Early versus late BCG vaccination in HIV-1- exposed infants in Uganda: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

V. Nankabirwa , J. K. Tumwine, O. Namugga, et al. Trials; BooMed Central (2017) CC

Trials (2017) 18:152, DOI 10.1186/s13063-017-1881-z

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Ensuring health security in the African region - Emergency preparedness and response flagship programmes

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2022) C_WHO

The World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO), in accordance with recommendations from various WHO committees, has developed three flagship programmes to support Member States in the African region to prepare for, detect and re ... more

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BCG Vaccination in HIV-Infected Children

J. J. C. Nuttal, B. S. Eley Hindawi Publishing Corporation (2011) CC

Rewiew Article Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Tuberculosis Research and Treatment; Volume 2011, Article ID 712736, 6 pages, doi:10.1155/2011/712736

Communication and social mobilization in yellow fever mass vaccination campaigns

World Health Organization WHO (2015) C_WHO

10 points from field experience

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Modelling COVID-19 vaccination status and adherence to public health and social measures, Eastern Mediterranean Region and Algeria

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The introduction of vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) added another measure to the existing set of recommended preventive measures (wearing a mask in public, keeping a distance from other people and regular handwashing). The roll-out of the vaccines, however, raised concerns that ... more