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BP Measurement Checklists - 30 Years

India Hypertension Control Initiative (2022) CC

These are one pagers for the NCD staff to refer as check points during measuring blood pressure for 18 year & above or 30 years & above patients based on the state's requirement.

Physical Activity - WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) CC

The World Health Organization's fact sheet on physical activity emphasizes its critical role in maintaining health and well-being. It outlines the benefits of regular physical activity, such as reducing the risk of noncommunicable diseases like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain cancers. T... more

NCDs and COVID-19

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2022) C_WHO

The webpage from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) discusses the heightened risk that individuals with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)—such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer—face regarding severe illness and mortality from COVID-19. It emphasizes the necessity of informi... more

ENT y COVID-19

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2022) C_WHO

Report - Invisible numbers: the true extent of noncommunicable diseases and what to do about them

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) – chief among them, cardiovascular diseases (heart disease and stroke), cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases – along with mental health, cause nearly three quarters of deaths in the world. Their drivers are social, environmental, commercial and geneti... more

Toolkit for developing a multisectoral action plan for noncommunicable diseases: module 4: developing an implementation plan

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

World Health Organization. (‎2022)‎. Toolkit for developing a multisectoral action plan for noncommunicable diseases: module 4: developing an implementation plan.

Toolkit for developing a multisectoral action plan for noncommunicable diseases: module 1: conducting a comprehensive assessment

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

One of the first steps in developing a multisectoral action plan (MSAP) is to use a situation analysis to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health needs, prevailing risks and the context of the area to which the plan will apply. This will help countries, regions, provinces or cities intendi... more

External Link

Know the Difference Fact Sheet

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2021) CC

Cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and coronary heart disease may sound similar but they are not one in the same. This fact sheet will help you understand how these conditions differ.

External Link

Move More Fact Sheet

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2021) CC

Moving more is one of the easiest ways you can lower your risk of getting heart disease. Not sure where to begin? This fact sheet can give you ideas on how to move more and stay motivated while you make physical activity part of your healthy routine.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Key facts - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. - An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. - Over three quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- an... more

What is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?

American Heart Association (2021) CC

Peripheral artery disease is similar to coronary artery disease (CAD). Peripheral artery disease is a narrowing of the peripheral arteries that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. The most common type is lower-extremity PAD, in which blood flow is reduced to the legs and fee... more

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2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Kleindorfer, .O.; Towfighi, A.; Chaturvedi, S. et al. American Heart Association (2021) CC

Each year, ≈795 000 individuals in the United States experience a stroke, of which 87% (690 000) are ischemic and 185 000 are recurrent.1 Approximately 240 000 individuals experience a transient ischemic attack (TIA) each year.2 The risk of recurrent stroke or TIA is high but can be mitiga... more

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World Heart Federation Roadmap for Hypertension – A 2021 Update

Jemoon, P.; Séverin, T.; Amodeo, C. et al. Global Heart (2021) CC

The World Heart Federation (WHF) Roadmap series covers a large range of cardiovascular conditions. These Roadmaps identify potential roadblocks and their solutions to improve the prevention, detection and management of cardiovascular diseases and provide a generic global framework available for loca... more

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World Heart Federation Roadmap on Atrial Fibrillation – A 2020 Update

Freedman, B.; Hindricks, G.; Banerjee, A. Global Heart (2021) CC

The World Heart Federation (WHF) commenced a Roadmap initiative in 2015 to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and resultant burgeoning of healthcare costs. Roadmaps provide a blueprint for implementation of priority solutions for the principal cardiovascular diseases leading to death... more

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Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease and Polyvascular Disease

Aday A.W.; Matsushita, K. Circulation Research (2021) CC

Atherosclerotic lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including advanced age, smoking, and diabetes, are ... more

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Trend analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and mortality-to-incidence ratio: results from global burden of disease study 2017

Amini, M.; Zayeri, F.; Salehi, M. BioMed Central (2021) CC

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the global leading causes of concern due to the rising prevalence and consequence of mortality and disability with a heavy economic burden. The objective of the current study was to analyze the trend in CVD incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-... more

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South African cardiovascular risk stratification guideline for non-cardiac surgery

Alphonsus, C.; Naidoo, N.; Motshabi, P. et al. South African Medical Journal (2021) CC

The South African (SA) guidelines for cardiac patients for non-cardiac surgery were developed to address the need for cardiac risk assessment and risk stratification for elective non-cardiac surgical patients in SA, and more broadly in Africa. The guidelines were developed by updating the Canadian ...Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management for Patients Who Undergo Non-cardiac Surgery, with a search of literature from African countries and recent publications. The updated proposed guidelines were then evaluated in a Delphi consensus process by SA anaesthesia and vascular surgical experts. The recommendations in these guidelines are: 1. We suggest that elective non-cardiac surgical patients who are 45 years and older with either a history of coronary artery disease, congestive cardiac failure, stroke or transient ischaemic attack, or vascular surgical patients 18 years or older with peripheral vascular disease require further preoperative risk stratification as their predicted 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) risk exceeds 5% (conditional recommendation: moderate-quality evidence). 2. We do not recommend routine non-invasive testing for cardiovascular risk stratification prior to elective non-cardiac surgery in adults (strong recommendation: low-to-moderate-quality evidence). 3. We recommend that elective non-cardiac surgical patients who are 45 years and older with a history of coronary artery disease, or stroke or transient ischaemic attack, or congestive cardiac failure or vascular surgical patients 18 years or older with peripheral vascular disease should have preoperative natriuretic peptide (NP) screening (strong recommendation: high-quality evidence). 4. We recommend daily postoperative troponin measurements for 48 - 72 hours for non-cardiac surgical patients who are 45 years and older with a history of coronary artery disease, or stroke or transient ischaemic attack, or congestive cardiac failure or vascular surgical patients 18 years or older with peripheral vascular disease, i.e. (i) a baseline risk >5% for MACE 30 days after elective surgery (if no preoperative NP screening), or (ii) an elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N-terminal-prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement before elective surgery (defined as BNP >99 pg/mL or a NT-proBNP >300 pg/mL) (conditional recommendation: moderate-quality evidence). Additional recommendations are given for the management of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) and medications for comorbidities. more

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Cardiovascular disease risk profile and management practices in 45 low-income and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level survey data

Peiris, D.; Ghosh, A.; Manne-Goehler, J. et al. PLoS Medicine (2021) CC

Global cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is high and rising, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Focussing on 45 LMICs, we aimed to determine (1) the adult population’s median 10-year predicted CVD risk, including its variation within countries by socio-demographic char... more

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Delivery of cardiology services in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: what should we expect after this pandemic?

Nganou-Gnindjio, C.N.; Temgoua, M.N.; Kuate, L.M. et al. (2021) CC

Background: COVID-19 is a global public health crisis that affects all sectors; studying the impact of this pandemic on the delivery of cardiology services in Africa is crucial as COVID-19-related cardiovascular complications may worsen the CVD burden in this already highly affected and resource-lim... more

Know the Difference - Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Disease, Coronary Heart Disease

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2021) CC

Cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and coronary heart disease may sound similar but they are not one in the same. This fact sheet will help you understand how these conditions differ.