Journal of Infection and Public Health 12 (2019) 213–223
Eaton JW et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2019, 22(S1):e25237 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.25237/full | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25237
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when organisms that cause disease are no longer susceptible/responsive to antimicrobial agents that previously were effective in combating them. AMR is a global problem with particularly dire consequences for Africa which is already grappling with high levels ...of infection in the face of limited resources.
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This document focuses on the management of patients affected by gambiense HAT and
constitutes an update to the WHO therapeutic guidance issued in 2013. The main changes in recommendations concern the criteria and methods for deciding the treatment among the new set of therapeutic options and the pa...rticular conditions that apply to treatment with fexinidazole, as outlined below. Because HAT is a serious, life-threatening disease and because the efficacy of fexinidazole depends on swallowing the medicine after an appropriate intake of food as well as on completing the full 10-day
treatment schedule, the recommendations regarding fexinidazole administration are considered key elements that must be carefully followed. When the conditions listed in these guidelines are not met for any individual patient, the alternative available treatments should be prescribed.
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Les progrès remarquables réalisés dans la lutte contre la forme à T. b. gambiense reposent sur le dépistage et le traitement curatif, une stratégie qui interrompt la transmission en réduisant le réservoir de parasites chez l’être humain. Parfois, cette
approche a été combinée avec des... activités de lutte antivectorielle. L’objet de ces lignes directrices est donc de la plus haute importance pour la poursuite des progrès en vue de l’élimination de la THA.
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Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been an alarming global public health issue. The disease affects mainly poor and marginalized people in low-resource settings and is caused by two subspecies of haemoflagellate parasite, Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies. Progress made in HAT ...control during the past decade has prompted increasing global dialogue on its elimination and eradication. The disease is targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination as a public health problem by 2020 and to terminate its transmission globally by 2030, along-side other Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). Several methods have been used to control tsetse flies and the disease transmitted by them. Old and new tools to control the disease are available with constraints.
Currently, there are no vaccines available. Efforts towards intervention to control the disease over the past decade have seen considerable progress and remarkable success with incidence dropping progressively, reversing the upward trend of reported cases. This gives credence in a real progress in its elimination. This study reviews various control measures, progress and a highlight of control issues, vector and parasite barriers that may have been hindering progress towards its elimination.
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Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease with a global burden of approximately 59,000 human deaths a year. Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is almost invariably fatal; however, with timely and appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consisting of wound washing, vaccine, and in some cases rabi...es immunoglobulin (RIG), the disease is almost entirely preventable. Access to PEP is limited in many countries, and when available, is often very expensive.
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Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths annually. Rural populations in Africa and Asia are predominantly affected, and approximately
40% of cases occur in children under the age of 15 years. Transmitted through bites and scratches from infected animal...s, dogs are responsible for up to 99% of human rabies cases.
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We combine data on Chinese development projects with data from Demographic and Health Surveys to study the impact of Chinese aid on household welfare in sub-Saharan Africa. We use a novel methodology to test the effect of Chinese aid on three important development outcomes: education, health, and nu...trition. For each outcome, we use difference-in-difference estimations to compare household areas near Chinese project sites to control areas located farther away, before and after receiving Chinese aid. This empirical strategy rules out many confounding factors that can bias measuring the impact of Chinese aid on our outcome variables. First, we find that Chinese projects significantly improve education and child mortality in treatment areas, but do not significantly affect nutrition. Second, social sector projects have a larger effect on outcomes than economic projects. Third, we do not find significant effects for projects that ended more than five years before the post-treatment survey wave. Our results are robust to a host of robustness checks.
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Africa is witnessing an epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with staggering morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of CVD includes hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerotic disease, congenital heart disease and tuberculous pericarditis. Opportunities exist to alter ...the trajectory of CVD epidemiology but require committed policy makers, functional health systems and an engaged citizenry.
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Africa is experiencing an increasing burden of cardiac arrhythmias. Unfortunately, the expanding need for appropriate care remains largely unmet because of inadequate funding, shortage of essential medical expertise, and the high cost of diagnostic equipment and treatment modalities. Thus, patients ...receive suboptimal care. A total of 5 of 34 countries (15%) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) lack a single trained cardiologist to provide basic cardiac care. One-third of the SSA countries do not have a single pacemaker center, and more than one-half do not have a coronary catheterization laboratory. Only South Africa and several North African countries provide complete services for cardiac arrhythmias, leaving more than hundreds of millions of people in SSA without access to arrhythmia care considered standard in other parts of the world. Key strategies to improve arrhythmia care in Africa include greater government health care funding, increased emphasis on personnel training through fellowship programs, and greater focus on preventive care.
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Asthma is one of the neglected diseases in Africa with a high prevalence. Allergic fungal diseases have been reported to complicate asthma progression and treatment outcomes. However, data about fungal asthma and its associated complications are limited in Africa. We aimed to estimate the burden of ...fungal asthma among adults and children in Africa using a systematic review.
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The document outlines the 2019 update to the South African guideline for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, prevention through smoking cessation, use of bronchodilators as primary pharmacotherapy, and a comprehensive approach to pa...tient care including pulmonary rehabilitation and the management of comorbidities. The guideline also covers recommendations for handling acute exacerbations, surgical interventions, and long-term treatment options.
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Research globally has shown that metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique is poor, with patient education and regular demonstration critical in maintaining correct use of inhalers. Patient information containing pictorial aids improves understanding of medicine usage; however, manufacturer leaflets illu...strating MDI use may not be easily understood by low-literacy asthma patients.
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The National Asthma Education Programme (NAEP) is a registered non-profit organisation whose mission is to provide asthma education to healthcare professionals, patients and the lay public. It was founded in 1994 by Dr Mike Greenblatt and Profs Dave Luyt and Robin Green. This year NAEP celebrates it...s 25th anniversary and remains driven by the need to improve the daily lives of numerous asthmatics in South Africa (SA) and Africa.
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you can find branded materials including immunization backgrounders, posters, social media posts and more to amplify your existing activities and facilitate any communications for the week. Please feel free to tailor and adapt materials to meet specific country
Vous trouverez dans les pages suivantes de la documentation promotionnelle, y compris les documents d’informations, les affiches, les messages postés sur les réseaux sociaux et les autres ressources sur la vaccination, qui vous permettront de densifier les activités en cours et de faciliter les... communications au cours de la semaine. N’hésitez pas à personnaliser et adapter la documentation aux besoins spécifiques de votre pays.
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An historic opportunity to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 and launch a new era of sustainability
A decade of progress has inspired the once unthinkable—that the AIDS epidemic can be ended as a public health threat. The global community has embraced the bold idea to end the AIDS ep...idemic as a target of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Governments from around the world have committed to a Fast-Track agenda and a set of ambitious but attainable milestones to be achieved by 2020 in order to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, as set out in the United Nations General Assembly Political Declaration on Ending AIDS. Regular reporting through UNAIDS reinforces accountability for results.
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The Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) 2011-2020, endorsed by Member States during the May 2012 World Health Assembly, has set ambitious targets to improve access to immunization and tackle vaccine-preventable diseases. This responsibility has been translated into firm commitments in February 2016, t...hrough the signature of the Addis Declaration on Immunization (ADI) by African Ministers and subsequently endorsed by the Heads of States from across Africa at the 28th African Union Summit held in January 2017. This commitment from the highest level of government comes as a catalyst to immunization efforts on the continent to deliver on the promise of universal immunization
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