The AMR TOOLBOX is a comprehensive knowledge repository designed to provide its users with practical, up-to-date information on antimicrobial resistance, It collates documents, guidelines, posters, training tools as well as information source for various disciplines and backgrounds including among others health care sector, veteranary and agriculture sector. 

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603
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Studies & Reports
176
Guidelines
144
Fact sheets
76
Strategic & Response Plan
39
Manuals
33
Online Courses
30
No document type
18
Infographics
17
Videos
17
Resource Platforms
16
Brochures
13
Training Material
12
Situation Updates
11
Dashboards/Maps
1
Countries / Regions
Kenya
20
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20
South Africa
19
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10
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10
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9
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8
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5
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5
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5
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4
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4
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4
Tajikistan
3
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3
China
3
Cameroon
3
Burkina Faso
3
Peru
3
Malawi
3
Tanzania
3
South–East Asia Region
3
Western Pacific Region
3
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
3
France
3
Argentina
3
Bangladesh
3
Uganda
3
Mali
3
Indonesia
3
Colombia
2
Serbia
2
Sierra Leone
2
Chile
2
Zimbabwe
2
Philippines
2
Mozambique
2
Jordan
2
Congo, Democratic Republic of
2
Gabon
2
Uruguay
2
Namibia
2
Myanmar / Burma
2
Eswatini/ Swaziland
2
Pakistan
2
North Macedonia
1
Timor Leste/ East Timor
1
Mexico
1
Ukraine
1
El Salvador
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
Niger
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
Armenia
1
USA
1
Haiti
1
Cambodia
1
Asia
1
Guinea-Bissau
1
Venezuela
1
Saudi Arabia
1
West and Central Africa
1
Turkmenistan
1
Denmark
1
Belgium
1
Maldives
1
Mauritius
1
Tunisia
1
United Kingdom
1
Spain
1
Côte d’Ivoire / Ivory Coast
1
Bolivia
1
Lebanon
1
Nicaragua
1
Brazil
1
Sri Lanka
1
Russia
1
Egypt
1
Sudan
1
Georgia
1
Honduras
1
Angola
1
Libya
1
Bhutan
1
Zambia
1
South Sudan
1
Iraq
1
Madagascar
1
Guatemala
1
Authors & Publishers
World Health Organization WHO
153
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO
25
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
22
Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention
17
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
14
European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC
14
World Health Organisation (WHO)
14
Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network
13
et al.
10
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
9
ReAct
9
USAID
8
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO
7
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
7
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO
6
Africa CDC
5
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
5
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
5
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
5
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
5
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
5
UNICEF
5
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO and World Health Organization WHO
4
IACG Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicral Resistance
4
National Department of Health South Africa
4
OECD
4
SIAPS
4
World Health Organization
4
World Health Organization WHO, Unicef
4
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
3
African Union
3
British Society for antimicrobial chemotherapy BSAC
3
Future Learn
3
Managment of Health Sciences MSH
3
Open WHO
3
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO)
3
WHO Europe
3
World Health Organization (WHO)
3
Yoni Segal
3
Best Care Always South Africa
2
BMJ Global Health
2
BUKO Pharma-Kampagne
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2
Coursera
2
Craig, J.
2
EngenderHealth
2
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2
Goff, D.
2
Government of Kenya
2
International Dairy Federation
2
International Livestock Research Institute ILRI
2
International Society for Infectious Diseases
2
L. Bebora and P. Gathumbi
2
OPS
2
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
2
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
2
ReAct Action on Antibiotic Resistance
2
Republic of Tajikistan
2
Sitema Argentino de Información Jurídica
2
SOUTH AFRICAN ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME (SAASP)
2
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
2
A. Haenen
1
A. IYANE SOW
1
A. Sriram
1
A.B. A. Boxall, D. W. Kolpin, et al.
1
Aboud S., R. Mdegela
1
Access to Medicine Foundation
1
Action on Anitbiotic Resistance (ReAct)
1
Agne Diminskyte
1
Alberta Health Services, Canada, et al.
1
American Hospital Association AHA
1
AMR Industry Alliance
1
and M.P.Joshi
1
Antibiotic Research UK (ANTRUK)
1
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control
1
AOSIS
1
Apisarnthanarak A.,S. Danchaivijitr,T. Khawcharoenporn, et al.
1
Asaduzzaman, M. et al.
1
Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology APIC
1
Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
1
B.A. Wall, A. Mateus, L. Marshall et al.
1
Balaji, V., P. Rupali, K. Walia, et al.
1
Belgian Antibiotic Policy Coordination Committee
1
Belkum, A.van, T. T. Bachmann, G. Lüdke, et al.
1
Beovic B., M. Dousak, C. Pulcini et al.
1
Berman, D.
1
Bizimana, T.
1
BMC Biology
1
BMC Infectious Diseases
1
Bortone, B.
1
Boston Consulting Group
1
British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
1
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
1
C. M J E Vandenbroucke-Grauls, G. Kahlmeter, J. Kluytmans et al.
1
Cecchini, M.
1
Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, American Nurses Association ANA
1
Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg
1
Centros africanos para el control y la prevención de enfermedades El Centro de Dinámica de Enfermedades, Economía y Política
1
Chetty, S.
1
Chukwu, E., Oladele, D., Awoderu, O. et al.
1
Clark, A.
1
Clinical Infectious Diseases
1
COLL-SECK, A. M.
1
Communicable Disease Control Program (CDC), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)
1
Constance Georgina Walyaro
1
Costa Rica Gobierno del Bicentenario
1
D. Gyamfi Amoako, R. Carrel Founou, et al.
1
Dacombe R., I. Bates, B. Gopul et al.
1
Deininger, K.
1
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
1
Denis K. Byarugaba
1
Department of Agriculture Development & Farmers Welfare
1
Department of Health Services Ministry of Health Nepal
1
Departments of Health and Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for the Republic of South Africa
1
Dept of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, South Africa
1
Dept. of Health
1
Dilip Nathwani
1
Dirección de Medicamentos y Tecnologías en Salud, Colombia
1
Doyle, M.P.
1
Dr Brink A. J., MD A P Messina, BPharm Prof C. Feldman, et al.
1
Dr T Apalata, Dr C Bamford, Mr D Benjamin et al.
1
Dressler D. D., MD, MSc Director OF
1
Dyar O.J., B. Beovic, C. Pulcini et al.
1
Education 2030
1
Elsevier
1
EMA European Medicines Agency
1
Emmanuel O. Irek, Adewale A. Amupitan, Temitope O. Obadare, Aaron O. Aboderin
1
Erica Balligand, Michiel Costers and Evelyne Van Gastel
1
Essack S.Y., A.T. Desta, R.E. Abotsi et al.
1
Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority
1
Euroepan Union
1
EuroHealth Observer
1
EUROPEAN ANTIBIOTIC AWARENESS DAY
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) andEuropean Medicines Agency (EMA)
1
European Commission
1
European Medicines Agency
1
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Eurostation
1
European Public Health Alliance
1
European Public Health Alliance (EPHA), Changing Markets
1
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases EUCAST
1
European specialist nurse organisation (ESN)
1
European Union EU
1
Evelina Tacconelli, Michael Buhl, Hilary Humphreys et al.
1
Evelyn Wesangula, David Radoli
1
Ewig S.
1
FAO
1
FAO and OIE
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health
1
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO and World Organisation for Animal Health OiE
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO, World Organisation for Animal Health
1
Founou, L.L.
1
G. H. Loneragan, H. M. Scott et al.
1
Gajda M., E. Urban
1
Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership—Tanzania Working Group
1
Global AMR R&D Hub
1
Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership GARDP
1
Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)
1
Global Health Elearning Center
1
Gobierno de Peru
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Government of Uganda
1
Grace, D.
1
Gyssens I. C., W. V. Kern, D. M. Livermore
1
Haematologica
1
Health & Family Welfare, Government of Kerala
1
Hernández Serrano, P.
1
Hindawi
1
Hsia Y., B. R Lee, A. Versporten, et al
1
Hung Nguyen-Viet
1
I. Frost
1
I. SECK
1
ICRC
1
Indian Council of Medical Research
1
Indian Council of Medical Research - Department of Health Research
1
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluations
1
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
J. Langer and J. Slawomirski
1
J. O. Errecalde
1
Jackson, J., Kheng Heng, L., Eklund, G. et al.
1
Joel
1
John Hopkins Hospital antimicrobioal Stewardship Program
1
Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future
1
Joshi, M.P.
1
Journal of Public Health
1
K. Hiban, I. Frost, et al.
1
K.L Tang, N.P Caffrey, D.B Nóbrega, et al.
1
Kagisha, V.
1
Kakkar M., Chatterjee P. et. al.
1
Kariuki S., K. H. Keddy, M. Antonio
1
Kenya Medical Research Institute
1
Kenya Ministry of Health
1
Kingdom of Bahrain - Ministry of Health
1
Klein E.Y., K. K .Tseng, S. Pant, et al.
1
Lawrence Mayega, Michel M. Dione, Brian Kawuma, et al.
1
Ledingham, K.
1
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
1
Lode, H.
1
London School of Hygien &Tropical Medicine
1
Malaria Consortium
1
Maldives Food and Drug Authority Ministry of Health
1
May L., K. Yadav, S. D. Gaona
1
MDPI Antibiotics
1
Mendelson M. , A.M. Morris , K. Thursky et al.
1
Microbiology Society
1
Ministerial Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance National Dept. of Health, South Africa
1
Ministerio de Salud, Argentina
1
Ministerio de Salud, Chile
1
Ministerio de Salud, Peru
1
Ministerio de Salud, Uruguay
1
Ministery of Public Health, Thailand
1
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE
1
Ministry of Health
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), World Health Organization WHO
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India, et al.
1
Ministry of Health and Medical Education Iran
1
Ministry of Health and Quality of Life Mauritius
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health Jordan
1
Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
1
Ministry of Health Vietnam
1
MINISTRY OF HEALTH, BARBADOS
1
Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Cambodia
1
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, Ukraine
1
Ministry of National Health Services Regulations & Coordination Government of Pakistan
1
Ministry of Public Health, Afghanistan
1
Ministry of Public Health, Quatar
1
MINSITRY OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL INDUSTRY OF TURKMENISTAN
1
Mohan P. Joshi Malaïka Ludman Dan Kibuule, et al.
1
Mount Sinai Hospital-University
1
Murni I. K., T. Duke, S. Kinney et al.
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
National Institut for Health and Care Excellence NICE
1
National Office of Animal Health NOAH
1
NdOH South Africa
1
Nepal Public Health Foundation
1
Nyandwi, J.B: et al.
1
Official Journal of the European Union
1
Olans R. N. , R. D. Olans, A. DeMaria Jr
1
openlearning
1
Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture
1
Organización de las Naciones Unidas Para la Alimentación y la Agricultura FAO
1
Oxford University Press
1
O’Neill, J.
1
P. Collignon, J.J.Beggs, T.R. Walsh, et al.
1
PAHO
1
Pan American Health Organization PAHO, World Health Organization WHO
1
Patricia M.C. Huijbers, Carl-Fredrik Flach, D.G. Joakim Larsson
1
Pharmacy Magazine
1
Phillipine Department of Health
1
Pig Veterinary Society of the South African Veterinary Association
1
PLoS ONE
1
Pollack L. A., D. Plachouras, H. Gruhler et al.
1
Public Health Foundation India
1
Quadripartite: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO
1
Rajiha A. Ibrahim, Amete M. Teshal, Surafel F. Dinku, et al.
1
ReAct, Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network
1
Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health
1
Republic of Lebanon - Ministry of Public Health
1
Republic of Sudan Federal Ministry of Health & Ministry of Animal Resources
1
Review on Antimicrobial Resistance
1
REVIVE
1
République française
1
République Tunienne - Ministére de la santé
1
Réseau de Prévention des Infections Associées aux Soins PIAS
1
Rousham E. K., M. Aminul Islam, P. Nahar et al.
1
Royal Government of Bhutan
1
Royaume du Maroc - Ministère de la Santè
1
Sascha Marchang, Natasha Hurley
1
Scientific Animations without Borders SWABO
1
Segal Y.
1
Siriam, A.
1
Society of Hospital Medicine
1
South Africa's Dept. of Health
1
South African Medical Journey SAMJ
1
Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
1
Special Programme for TDR
1
Standford School of Medicine
1
Standford University
1
State of Libya
1
Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems
1
Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative SIANI
1
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
1
T. Boyles, M. Mendelson
1
T. Leenstra, MD, PhD
1
Telligen, Quality Innovation Network National Coordinating Center, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics Economics & olicy CDDEP
1
The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and ReAct
1
The Government of Fiji
1
The Lancet
1
The MEDBOX Team
1
The Ohio State University
1
The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance
1
The Swedish Veterinary Association SVS
1
The United Republic of Tanzania - Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children
1
Thriemer K, Katuala Y, Batoko B, Alworonga J-P, Devlieger H, et al.
1
Tilahun Tadesse, B., E. A. Ashley, S. Ongarello et al.
1
Torres, A.
1
Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR)
1
U.S. Government
1
UHN Patient Education
1
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
1
UN Environment
1
UN Environment Programme UNEP
1
UNESCO
1
Univ. Namibia
1
University of Dundee, British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
1
USAID, Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems SPS
1
van den Dool C., PhD
1
Van Dijck C., Vlieghe E., Cox J.A.
1
Victoria Simpkin, LauraSuhlrie, Alastair Wood et al
1
Wasserman, S.
1
Wellcome Trust
1
WHO TEAM Health and migration programme, Surveillance, Prevention and Control
1
Wilkinson, J.L.
1
Wonder Goredema Jane Briggs Mupela Ntengu, et al.
1
Woodhead M., F. Blasi, S. Ewig, et al.
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organisation
1
World Health Organization WHO
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO Western-Pacific Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, et al.
1
World Health Organization WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, World Organization for Animal Health OIE
1
World Health Organization WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO
1
World Health Organization WHO, Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations FAO
1
World Organisation for Animal Health
1
World Organisation for Animal Health WAHO
1
Wright G.D.
1
Yohaness Garoy E., Y. Berhane Gebreab, O. Okoth Achila et al.
1
Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases Research team
1
Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Υπουργείο Υγείας
1
Publication Years
Category
Studies & Reports
27
Drugs & Medical Equipment
22
Policies
21
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
19
Hand Hygiene
15
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
14
Guidelines
9
Sanitation
5
WASH
5
Water
5
Pharmacy & Technology
4
Online Courses & Platforms
3
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
2
Pediatrics
2
Capacity Building
2
HIV & STI
2
Paediatrics
1
Clinical Training
1
Emergency Health Kits
1
Bacteriology
1
COVID-19
1
x MEDBOX Issue Brief & Annual Reports x
1
Maternal & Child Health
1
Quality Control & Assurance
1
NTDs & Others
1
Maternal Health
1
Laboratory Quality Assurance
1
Neonatal Care
1
Malaria
1
Toolboxes
Country specific
101
International
64
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
56
General Public
42
Agriculture & Veterinary
41
Studies
38
General
33
Health Personnel
31
Online courses
31
Surveillance
30
Assessment
30
Supporting tools
26
Platforms and initiatives
21
Education of students & professionals
20
Livestock production
17
Clinical Guidelines
17
Country Specific
17
Videos
17
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
16
Stewardship
16
Hygiene
12
Essential List
10
Hand Hygiene
10
Rational use of Medicine
10
Tools for Rational use
8
IPC
6
Hand Hygiene
6
Hand Hygiene
5
Infection Control General
5
General documents One Health
5
General Guidelines for Rational Use
5
Essential Medicines & Devices Lists
4
WASH
3
Water Pollution
3
AMR
3
Strategies & Action Plans
2
Best Practice
2
Online Courses & Resources
2
For General Public & Community
2
For Health Worker
2
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
2
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
2
Pharmacovigilance
2
General
2
Communication & Training
1
Information & Education Material (IEC)
1
Standard Precautions
1
Drug resistance
1
Sustainable Development Goals
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Research & Development
1
Poster & Infographics
1
Video & Audio
1
For Migrants & Refugees
1
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
1
Infographics for Health Worker
1
Videos
1
Environmental NPIs
1
Sanitation
1
Online Courses
1
Food environments
1
Falsified & Substandard
1
Pharmaceutical Assessments
1
Intensive Care Unit
1
Argentina
1
Waste Managment
1
Reports & Studies
1
Guidelines & Manuals
1
Environment
1
Health Care Systems
1
Emergency health kits
1
Emergency health kits
1
Prevention & Control
1
Education
1
IEC
1
Miscellaneous
1
Global Health Education
1
Poster
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
International
1
Infection Control
1
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing worldwide public health problem with important implications for the European Union (EU). When antibiotics become ineffective, bacterial infections lead to increased morbidity, use of healthcare, mortality and cost. Globally, estimates suggest that ... more
The World Health Organization was requested by Member States to develop a global priority pathogens list (global PPL) of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to help in prioritizing the research and development (R&D) of new and effective antibiotic treatments. To date, the selection of pathogens for R&D ac... more
This book provides a perfect companion to BSAC’s FREE Massive Open Online Course on Antimicrobial Stewardship, which is available in English, Mandarin, Spanish, and Russian. Visit www.futurelearn.com/courses/antimicrobial-stewardship for details. Please download the complete e-book form the websi... more
Millennium Development Goal 8E aims for affordable access to essential medicines. Essential medicines, as defined by WHO, are those that “satisfy the health-care needs of the majority of the population” and that should therefore “be available at all times in adequate amounts”. However, there... more
Draft Roadmap
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern and a food safety issue. When pathogens become resistant to antimicrobial agents they can pose a greater human health risk as a result of potential treatment failure, loss of treatment options and increased likelihood and severi... more
The Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark has evaluated for the second time how the most important players in the antibiotic market are addressing the rise of resistance and the global need for appropriate access to antibiotics. Although we can see progress — it’s hanging by a thread. We have reac... more
These Guidelines on prudent use of antimicrobials in human health are based on a technical report prepared by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) with input from EU Member States experts and stakeholders, which should be referred to for details of the methodology used in cr... more
Antibiotic Stewardship (AS) is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials to improve patient outcomes, reduce microbial resistance, and decrease the spread of multi-drug resistant organisms. In clinical settings, stewardship activities focus on measuring and improving ... more
This document provides additional guidance for the responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and should be read in conjunction with the Recommended International Code of Practice for Control of the Use of Veterinary Drugs CAC/RCP 38-1993. Its obj... more
WHO CIA list categorizes all antimicrobials used in human medicine into 3 groups based on their importance to human medicine. The current scope is limited to antibacterial drugs of which most are also used in veterinary medicine. The list assists in man... more
The WHO CIA List should be used as a reference to help formulate and prioritize risk assessment and risk management strategies for containing antimicrobial resistance. The WHO CIA List supports strategies to mitigate the human health risks associated with antimicrobial use in ... more
A guide for practical implementation in adult and pediatric emergency department and urgent care settings

Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance

EuroHealth Observer European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Eurostation (2020) C2
The focus of the current quarterly edition of Eurohealth (from the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies) is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and contains the following articles: • Strengthening implementation of AMR national action plans • Fostering clinical developmen... more
Member States have requested WHO policy guidance on how to facilitate the implementation of national AMS activities in an integrated and programmatic approach. This policy guidance responds to that demand from Member States and is anchored in public health guiding principles in the human health sect... more
Issue Brief 31: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can occur when viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi change over time. There is no longer a response to medicines, and the infection treatment gets really difficult which increases the risk of a disesase spread, which can lead to severe health problems... more
This policy brief aims to provide a review of the current progress on implementing the Mali national action plan on AMR, identifies critical gaps, and highlights findings to accelerate further progress in the human health sector. The target audience includes all those concerned with implementing act... more
Those who clean are the first line of defense against health care-associated infections (HAIs), and support efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Strengthening the training of this important group can contribute to resolving many of today’s public health challenges. This is importan... more
This document aims to assist countries to take the first step towards better considering gender and equity issues in their efforts to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR), to inform the implementation of strategies in national action plans and contribute to improved reach and effectiveness of AMR e... more
Antimicrobial agents like antibiotics are essential to treat some human and animal diseases. Microbes, such as bacteria, can develop resistance to antimicrobials meaning that a drug such as an antibiotic is no longer effective in treating the infection. The development of resistance is caused by the... more