The document "Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical Guidelines 2021," published by Elsevier, provides updated guidance for managing diabetes during Ramadan fasting. Developed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International Alliance, the guidelines address ke...y aspects for individuals with diabetes who choose to fast, including risk assessment, blood glucose monitoring, insulin and medication adjustments, and the management of special populations (such as pregnant women, the elderly, and those with chronic conditions). Emphasis is placed on individualized patient education before Ramadan to ensure safe fasting practices and minimize risks like hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
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The NICE guideline "Hypertension in Adults: Diagnosis and Management" outlines recommendations for diagnosing and managing hypertension in adults over 18, including those with type 2 diabetes. It emphasizes accurate blood pressure measurement, recommending ambulatory or home monitoring to confirm di...agnosis. Cardiovascular risk and target organ damage should be assessed, considering age, lifestyle, and other conditions. Initial treatment focuses on lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation, with medication advised for stage 1 hypertension at high cardiovascular risk or stage 2 hypertension. Regular monitoring and treatment adjustments are recommended to maintain target blood pressure levels, with specific guidance for people over 80 and those with additional conditions like diabetes or kidney disease. The guideline aims to reduce risks of heart attack, stroke, and other complications, supporting evidence-based treatment decisions in clinical practice.
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The article from the African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine provides updated guidelines on endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) for treating advanced emphysema, a severe form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is prevalent in South Africa and other low- and mid...dle-income countries. The guidelines focus on identifying suitable patients based on specific criteria, such as age, lung function, and the presence of hyperinflation, while ruling out contraindications like pulmonary hypertension and recent smoking.
ELVR aims to reduce lung volume in the most damaged areas, improving breathing mechanics and quality of life. Various devices, including endobronchial valves, intrabronchial valves, and coils, are reviewed with evidence from clinical trials supporting their use. The guidelines emphasize careful patient selection and recommend only performing ELVR in specialized centers due to its high cost and risk of complications, such as pneumothorax.
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Past the crucial midpoint to the SDGs, the 2024 SDG3 GAP progress report, ‘Aligning for country impact’, focuses on alignment as the overarching principle linking efforts to deliver greater impact in countries on the health-related SDGs. It contributes to the basis for further discussions among ...the 13 signatory agencies, on how to further improve the alignment and collaboration across multilateral agencies, as will the forthcoming Independent Evaluation findings due in late 2024.
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Young people across the world are urging governments to shield them from predatory tobacco marketing tactics. The industry targets youth for a lifetime of profits, creating a new wave of addiction. The latest data show that children are using e-cigarettes at rates higher than adults in many countrie...s and globally an estimated 37 million youth aged 13–15 years use tobacco.
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With a goal of establishing enduring leadership and commitment for the health of refugees and migrants, WHO, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Morocco co-organized the Third Global Consultation on the Health of Refugees ...and Migrants in Rabat, Morocco, on 13–15 June 2023, and led to the adoption of the Rabat Declaration.
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This report provides updated information on the status of implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions (collectively referred to as “the Code”) in countries. It presents the legal status of ...the Code, including the extent to which the provisions of the Code have been incorporated in national legal measures. The report examines further the processes countries use to monitor and enforce compliance with Code laws. The report also provides case-studies from a few countries on their legislative processes, highlighting examples of interference from manufacturers and distributors of breast-milk substitutes in efforts to weaken and delay Code implementation.
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This report is the first of a series of biennial progress reports on the implementation of the Global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022–2030. It draws attention to areas of progress and gaps in preparation for the mid-term revi...ew of the strategies in 2026.
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The World health statistics report is the annual compilation of health and health-related indicators, which has been published by the World Health Organization since 2005. The 2024 edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth Ge...neral Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
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Social protection, a component of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s End TB strategy, has been upheld by Member States as an essential part of the response to tuberculosis in several political declarations, including the 2017 Moscow Declaration to End TB, and both the political declarations of ...both the 2018 and 2023 United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) high-level meetings on the fight against TB. Furthermore, during the 2023 high-level meeting, member states agreed on a new target to ensure that all people with TB have access to a comprehensive package of health and social benefits by 2027.
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Date
2024
ISBN
978-92-75-32867-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.37774/9789275328675
Author
Organización Pan...americana de la Salud
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Esta tercera edición (denominada “hoja de ruta del 2023”) de la Hoja de ruta para poner fin a la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente es una actualización de las versiones de la Hoja de ruta del 2013 y del 2018. La versión 2023 reconoce los progresos realizados en los últimos cinco años y describe las prioridades y las acciones clave diseñadas para acelerar el progreso hacia los objetivos elaborados durante la Reunión de Alto Nivel de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas sobre la lucha contra la tuberculosis de 2023. Se espera que la aplicación de estas medidas clave a nivel subnacional, nacional, regional y mundial en el contexto de la cobertura universal de salud permita encontrar y tratar más casos de enfermedad o infección por Tuberculosis (TB) en la población infantil y adolescente, a fin de prevenir la TB, mejorar los resultados del tratamiento y prevenir la discapacidad asociada a la TB. La hoja de ruta del 2023 se mantiene el fuerte énfasis en la TB infantil, al tiempo que se destaca la importancia de abordar la TB en la población adolescente y, por primera vez, en las mujeres durante el embarazo o el puerperio
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The far-reaching impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the critical need for evidence-informed, transparent and inclusive decision-making. Policy-makers have grappled with complex choices amidst uncertainty. They have constantly reassessed response measures while navigating their economic impl...ications and unintended consequences on societal well-being. Effective communication of the basis for these decisions has also posed a challenge, requiring transparency and public trust.
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Date
2024
ISBN
978-92-75-32841-5 (PDF)
978-92-75-32842-2 (versión impresa)
DOI
https://doi.org.../10.37774/9789275328415
Author
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
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Esta publicación analiza el grado de alineamiento entre la necesidad de priorizar el primer nivel de atención con el desempeño presupuestario en salud y la capacidad de absorción del sector salud del incremento de los recursos financieros en el periodo 2019 a 2021. La Estrategia de OPS/OMS para el Establecimiento de Sistemas de Salud Resilientes enfatiza la necesidad de priorizar las inversiones en el primer nivel de atención por su incidencia en los niveles de acceso y cobertura. En este ámbito, los presupuestos públicos sirven como el mecanismo por excelencia de revisión de políticas públicas donde se plasman las prioridades de los gobiernos y los diferentes actores del sistema de salud, se articula el modelo de atención y se reasignan recursos ante eventos de emergencia sanitaria.
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Neonatal tetanus (NT), a severe newborn illness from the toxigenic strains of Clostridium tetani, persists in middle- and low-income countries due to non-sterile childbirth practices. Unlike smallpox and polio, tetanus cannot be eradicated: Clostridium tetani spores exist in the environment, and ani...mal reservoirs. However, elimination as a public health issue is achievable through widespread tetanus vaccination, clean deliveries, and proper umbilical cord care. The goal of eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) as a public health problem is considered met when all municipalities in a country have an annual incidence rate of NT of less than 1 case per 1000 live births. The Region of the Americas achieved the maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) target in 2017 when elimination was validated in the Republic of Haiti. Yet maintaining this progress requires continued efforts. High vaccination coverage, booster doses in countries lacking them, hygienic practices, and strong maternal and child health services are key. The Pan American Health Organization’s (PAHO) integrated maternal and neonatal immunization platform further strengthens this fight against early childhood diseases.
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En esta nota técnica se explican los 20 aspectos que deben considerarse para evaluar el estado y la seguridad del equipo y los suministros de laboratorio. No se incluyen en este trabajo las instrucciones para los evaluadores de los puntos 93 (Estado y seguridad del equipo médico en las salas de op...eraciones y salas de recuperación) y 94 (Estado y seguridad del equipo de radiología e imagenología), que también forman parte del índice de seguridad hospitalaria.
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The war in Gaza has resulted in many hundreds of spinal cord injuries (SCI), which will have a devastating impact on those injured and their families for the rest of their lives.
The optimal management of SCI requires effective pre-hospital care, early specialized imaging (using CT or MRI) and in... many cases early surgical interventions by a highly specialised neurosurgical team. Surgery requires many hours of use of a sterile operating room environment and supportive critical care capacity, as well as intensive post-operative care – none of which is currently possible due to the ongoing war, destruction, and disruption of health services in Gaza.
An alternative to surgery is conservative management – this requires intensive nursing care under full spinal precautions for many weeks in order to allow for bone and soft tissue healing and prevent further injury to the spinal cord. The patient is unable to move independently in bed during this period. Those caring for the patient need to be able to safely reposition them every 2 hours, and manage all their bowel and bladder care needs. The patient needs good nutrition and hydration at all times, as well as access to medication to support bowel care, manage pain (including neuropathic pain). A caregiver must remain with the patient to be trained to provide ongoing care and assist with daily care.
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Esta publicación es un apéndice del documento técnico "Lograr una mejor inmunidad: el enfoque de curso de vida para una longevidad saludable", con las contribuciones de varios expertos en la materia dentro y fuera de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Este apéndice proporciona ejem...plos de actividades dentro del programa nacional de inmunización que pueden mejorar las tasas de cobertura y reducir las oportunidades perdidas para cuatro grupos de población: mujeres embarazadas, adolescentes, trabajadores sanitarios y adultos mayores. Estos ejemplos traducen los principios y conceptos del Enfoque del Ciclo Vital en actividades concretas, que pueden ser utilizadas por los gestores de los programas nacionales de inmunización y por los vacunadores, respectivamente, para reforzar las tasas de cobertura de vacunación
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Todos los trabajadores de la salud tienen un objetivo principal: mejorar la salud de las personas. Los trabajadores de la salud son la columna vertebral de todo sistema de salud operativo. Al tiempo que contribuyen al disfrute del derecho a la salud para
todos, también deben disfrutar del derecho ...a unas condiciones laborales saludables y seguras para mantener su propia salud. Las condiciones de trabajo inseguras son uno de los motivos principales de huelga entre el personal de salud de los países
de ingresos bajos . La falta de bienestar y el agotamiento profesional entre los trabajadores de la salud se asocian a una mala calidad de la atención y a resultados negativos para la seguridad de los pacientes, como los errores médicos
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The war in Gaza has resulted in thousands of amputations, including early estimates of over 1000 children, all of whom have immediate and life-long needs. Surgical amputations performed under extremely difficult conditions are likely to be sub-optimal, meaning many of those amputated will require fu...rther surgery. People with amputations also require early and ongoing rehabilitation and access to a long-term prosthetics service. In Gaza, at present, none of this is possible due to damage or destruction of services, premises, displacement and scattering of rehabilitation professionals around Gaza strip and abroad and insecurity.
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The Mexican Constitution sets out the basis for access to health care services and the right to social protection in health for all citizens. The General Health Law establishes that the MoH, together with state governments, is responsibl for the control and eradication of transmissible diseases and ...must establish the necessary measures to prevent and combat all threats to health.
Consequently, the National Health Plan 2019–2024 proposes universal, effective and free access to health care services, including health and epidemiological surveillance for emergencies, for all Mexicans
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